弹性动力学高阶核无关快速多极边界元法

基于核无关的快速多极方法, 发展了一种弹性动力学问题的快速、高精度边界元分析方法. 采用基于二次曲面单元的Nystr?m 离散, 将边界积分方程转化为求和形式, 可以方便地进行加速计算;由于采用二次元, 边界元分析精度很高. 将一种新型快速多极方法用于Nystr?m 边界元法的加速计算, 该方法的数值实现简便、不依赖于积分方程基本解的表达式, 因此通用性很好;该方法还具有最优的计算量和存储量、精度高且可以控制. 结合Nystr?m 边界元系数矩阵和快速多极方法转换矩阵的特点, 提出一种大幅度降低边界元内存消耗的策略. 数值结果表明, 该方法无论在分析精度, 还是计算速度和内存消耗上, 都大大优于同类方法, 是一种快速、通用的工程弹性动力学问题大规模数值分析方法.      

等参管单元及其在热传导问题边界元法中的应用Isoparametric tube elements and their application in heat conduction BEM analysis

采用边界元法（BEM ）求解实际工程问题时,很大一部分误差来自于离散误差。为此,本文基于Lagrange插值原理,提出了一种三维等参管单元边界元算法,该单元能很好地模拟管状结构的几何外形并对物理量进行高阶插值,大大地消除了离散误差。另外,当在边界元法中使用等参管单元时,提出了一种在等参平面内消除积分奇异性的方法。算例表明,本文算法具有划分网格少,求解精度高的优点。     

三维弹性快速多极边界元法

将静电场多极展开法和广义极小残值法结合于三维弹性问题的边界元法，使其求解的计算量及所需内存量同节点的自由度总数成正比，变革计算结构，加快求解速度以适应大规模数值计算。两者结合的关键点在于边界元法基本解的合理分解，并用广义极小残值法(GMRES)求解方程。轧机支承辊变形场大规模数值算例的总自由度数首次达N=34008并获得成功。清晰地描述了支承辊和工作辊接触区的辊型。     

一种模拟大规模高频声场的双层奇异边界法

大规模高频声场的数值模拟是一项非常有计算挑战性的课题. 为了解决传统边界型离散方法由于全局支撑的满阵限制, 不易应用于大规模高频声场模拟的计算瓶颈, 本文提出了一种用于模拟大规模高频声场的双层奇异边界法. 在该方法中, 通过引入双层结构, 细网格上的全局支撑的满阵被转化为局部支撑的大规模稀疏矩阵, 传统奇异边界法模拟大规模问题时所面临的高计算量以及过度存储需求遂得以解决. 其次, 双层奇异边界法仅通过粗网格评估远场作用, 且独立于特定的插值核函数. 相较于快速多级方法, 该方法具有更强的适应性和灵活性, 且多层结构使该方法具有一定的预调节作用, 非常适合求解具有大规模、高秩、高条件数特点的高频波矩阵. 在其后的散射球模型算例中, 双层奇异边界法配置10万个节点, 成功模拟了无量纲波数高达160的声散射问题. 在对于人头模型的声散射特性分析中, 双层奇异边界法比COMSOL软件计算速度快了约78.13\mathrm{\%}. 当配置8万个节点时, 双层奇异边界法成功模拟了频率高达25 kHz 的工况, 该频率已远远超出了人耳的听力极限.      

集成单元边界元法及其在主动冷却热防护系统分析中的应用

随着高超声速飞行器的快速发展,飞行器及发动机所面临的热防护压力越来越大. 传统的被动热防护系统已很难满足设计要求,因此主动冷却热防护系统受到了越来越多的关注. 主动冷却热防护系统因为管道密布、结构复杂,传统的分析方法需要花费大量的精力和时间来建模和计算分析. 针对管道阵列排布的主动冷却系统,提出了一种用边界元法求解空间周期性结构的集成单元法,并将其用来分析具有冷却通道的热防护系统的传热与受力变形问题. 此方法求解空间周期性结构问题,仅需要针对一个胞元建立边界元胞元方程,并由其形成由指定胞元数组成的集成单元,然后由集成单元组集成总体系统方程组. 提出的集成单元法既有常规子结构法的消元思想,又有传统有限单元、边界单元易于组集的特征,便于大型空间周期性结构的快速分析. 由于集成单元的系数矩阵只需形成一次,且最终方程只含边界节点未知量,计算效率显著提高. 论文最后用功能梯度平板和主动冷却燃烧室算例验证了本文所述算法的正确性和计算效率.      

A NEW SEMI-ANALYTIC ALGORITHM OF NEARLY SINGULAR INTEGRALS IN HIGH ORDER BOUNDARY ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF 3D POTENTIAL

分析了三维边界元法高阶曲面单元几何特征,定义接近度来表征源点与积分单元的接近程度.利用源点在积分单元上的垂足点建立局部极坐标系,构造与几乎奇异积分核函数具有相同奇异性的近似函数.从奇异积分核函数中扣除其近似函数,分离出积分核中主导的奇异函数部分,将奇异积分分解为规则核函数和奇异核函数两项积分.规则核函数积分应用常规Gauss数值积分计算,奇异核函数积分在局部极坐标系ρθ下分离积分变量ρ和θ,对ρ积分建立解析计算列式,对θ积分应用常规Gauss数值积分计算,从而对三维位势问题高阶边界单元几乎强奇异和几乎超奇异积分建立一种新的半解析算法.给出了若干温度场算例,采用边界元法高阶单元几乎奇异积分半解析法计算了近边界内点位势和位势梯度,并与线性单元正则化算法计算结果对比,结果证明提出的半解析法计算几乎奇异面积分和薄壁结构更加高效.     

三维弹性问题Taylor展开多极边界元法的误差分析

Taylor展开多极边界元法有效的提高了边界元法的求解效率,使之可用于大规模问题的计算。然而,由于计算中对基本解进行了Taylor级数展开,与传统边界元方法相比计算精度有所下降。本文主要针对三维弹性问题Taylor展开多极边界元法的计算精度和误差进行研究。文中对两种方法的计算精度进行了比较;研究了核函数的Taylor展开性质;推导了三维弹性问题基本解的误差估计公式;给出了Taylor展开多极边界元法中远近场的划分原则。通过具体的算例,证明了该方法的正确性和误差估计公式的有效性,说明了影响Taylor展开多极边界元法求解精度的因素。     

A parallel fast multipole BEM and its applications to large-scale analysis of 3-D fiber-reinforced composites

In this paper, an adaptive boundary element method (BEM) is presented for solving 3-D elasticity problems. The numerical scheme is accelerated by the new version of fast multipole method (FMM) and parallelized on distributed memory architectures. The resulting solver is applied to the study of representative volume element (RVE) for short fiber-reinforced composites with complex inclusion geometry. Numerical examples performed on a 32-processor cluster show that the proposed method is both accurate and efficient, and can solve problems of large size that are challenging to existing state-of-the-art domain methods.The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10472051).The English text was polished by Yunming Chen.     

Effect of regularized delta function on accuracy of immersed boundary method

The immersed boundary method is an effective technique for modeling and simulating fluid-structure interactions especially in the area of biomechanics. The effect of the regularized delta function on the accuracy is an important subject in the property study. A method of manufactured solutions is used in the research. The computational code is first verified to be mistake-free by using smooth manufactured solutions. Then, a jump in the manufactured solution for pressure is introduced to study the accuracy of the immersed boundary method. Four kinds of regularized delta functions are used to test the effect on the accuracy analysis. By analyzing the discretization errors, the accuracy of the immersed boundary method is proved to be first-order. The results show that the regularized delta function cannot improve the accuracy, but it can change the discretization errors in the entire computational domain.     

大规模边界元模态分析的高效数值方法

随着大规模快速边界元计算技术的发展,在复杂结构的动态设计、振动与噪声分析中愈来愈多地采用边界元法,因此求解大规模边界元特征值问题、进行复杂结构和声场模态分析,成为工程应用中一个十分重要,但却极具挑战性的课题,目前国际上还没有十分有效的数值方法.本文针对边界元法中典型的非线性特征值问题,提出了一种通用、高效的数值解法,称为基于预解矩阵采样的Rayleigh-Ritz投影法,记为RSRR.首先,通过求解一系列频域边界元问题来构造特征向量搜索空间,进而可以采用Rayleigh-Ritz投影,将原问题转化为一个可以采用现有方法求解的小规模缩减特征值问题;其次,为了降低Rayleigh-Ritz投影过程的计算量,基于解析函数的Cauchy积分公式,构造了边界元系数矩阵的插值近似方法,以及缩减特征值问题系数矩阵的快速计算方法,给出了插值项数的估计策略;最后,将RSRR与声学快速边界元法结合,应用于大规模吸声结构的复模态分析.数值算例表明,RSRR方法能够可靠地求出给定频段内的全部特征值和特征向量,具有计算效率高、精度高、通用等优点.     

Computational model for short-fiber composites with eigenstrain formulation of boundary integral equations

A computational model is proposed for short-fiber reinforced materials with the eigenstrain formulation of the boundary integral equations(BIE)and solved with the newly developed boundary point method(BPM).The model is closely derived from the concept of the equivalent inclusion of Eshelby tensors.Eigenstrains are iteratively determined for each short.fiber embedded in the matrix with various properties via the Eshelby tensors,which can be readily obtained beforehand either through analytical or numerical means.As unknown variables appear only on the boundary of the solution domain,the solution scale of the inhomogeneity problem with the model is greatly reduced.This feature is considered significant because such a traditionally time-consuming problem with inhomogeneity can be solved most cost-effectively compared with existing numerical models of the FEM or the BEM.The numerical examples are presented to compute the overall elastic properties for various short-fiber reinforced composites over a representative volume element(RVE),showing the validity and the effectiveness of the proposed computational modal and the solution procedure.     

Computational model for short-fiber composites with eigenstrain formulation of boundary integral equations

A computational model is proposed for short-fiber reinforced materials with the eigenstrain formulation of the boundary integral equations （BIE） and solved with the newly developed boundary point method （BPM）. The model is closely derived from the concept of the equivalent inclusion Of Eshelby tensors. Eigenstrains are iteratively determined for each short-fiber embedded in the matrix with various properties via the Eshelby tensors, which can be readily obtained beforehand either through analytical or numerical means. As unknown variables appear only on the boundary of the solution domain, the solution scale of the inhomogeneity problem with the model is greatly reduced. This feature is considered significant because such a traditionally time-consuming problem with inhomogeneity can be solved most cost-effectively compared with existing numerical models of the FEM or the BEM. The numerical examples are presented to compute the overall elastic properties for various short-fiber reinforced composites over a representative volume element （RVE）, showing the validity and the effectiveness of the proposed computational modal and the solution procedure.     

Eigenproblems of two-dimensional acoustic cavities with smoothly varying boundaries by using the generalized multipole method

This paper presents a semi-analytical approach to solve the eigenproblem of a two-dimensional acoustic cavity with smoothly varying boundaries. The multipole expansion for the acoustic pressure is formulated in terms of Bessel and Hankel functions to satisfy the Helmholtz equation in the polar coordinate system. Rather than using the addition theorem, the multipole method and directional derivative are both combined to propose a generalized multipole method in which the acoustic pressure and its normal derivative with respect to non-local polar coordinates can be calculated. The boundary conditions are satisfied by uniformly collocating points on the boundaries. By truncating the multipole expansion, a finite linear algebraic system is acquired. The direct searching approach is applied to identify the natural frequencies using the singular value decomposition technique. Several numerical examples are presented, including those of an annulus cavity, a confocal elliptical annulus cavity and an arbitrarily shaped cavity with an inner elliptical boundary. The accuracy and numerical convergence of the proposed method are validated by comparison with results of the available analytical method and the commercial finite-element code ABAQUS. No spurious eigensolutions are found in the proposed formulation. Due to its semi-analytical character, excellent accuracy and fast rate of convergence are the main features of the proposed method.     

AN ARBITRARILY MIXED EXPLICIT-IMPLICIT ASYNCHRONOUS INTEGRATION ALGORITHM BASED ON UNIFORM DISCRETIZATION FORMAT

动力学问题的有限元分析需要在每一时步求解系统信息,相对于静力学问题,其计算量要大得多.因而,提高计算效率,节省计算工作量是动力学求解方法研究的主要内容.该文针对大型复杂动力学系统的高效求解问题,提出了一种基于Newmark离散格式的显式、隐式任意混合异步算法,根据整体系统不同局部的物理力学特性和求解精度要求,在空间域及时间域内对动力学系统方程进行多尺度求解.该方法根据显式、隐式算法固有的信息传递机制,采取动态的可变边界处理方法,避免了异步边界上的误差积累;并通过对整体系统能量平衡的校验,动态地确定和修正仿真计算时步,可以有效地预防不稳定性的产生和发展.数值算例表明：该算法能在保持较高的计算精度的同时,极大地降低计算资源消耗,因而具有一定的实用价值.     

基于制造解的非结构二阶有限体积离散格式的精度测试与验证

随着计算机技术的飞速进步,计算流体力学得到迅猛发展,数值计算虽能够快速得到离散结果,但是数值结果的正确性与精度则需要通过严谨的方法来进行验证和确认.制造解方法和网格收敛性研究作为验证与确认的重要手段已经广泛应用于计算流体力学代码验证、精度分析、边界条件验证等方面.本文在实现标量制造解和分量制造解方法的基础上,通过将制造解方法精度测试结果与经典精确解(二维无黏等熵涡)精度测试结果进行对比,进一步证实了制造解精度测试方法的有效性,并将两种制造解方法应用于非结构网格二阶精度有限体积离散格式的精度测试与验证,对各种常用的梯度重构方法、对流通量格式、扩散通量格式进行了网格收敛性精度测试.结果显示,基于Green-Gauss公式的梯度重构方法在不规则网格上会出现精度降阶的情况,导致流动模拟精度严重下降,而基于最小二乘(least squares)的梯度重构方法对网格是否规则并不敏感.对流通量格式的精度测试显示,所测试的各种对流通量格式均能达到二阶精度,且各方法精度几乎相同;而扩散通量离散中界面梯度求解方法的选择对流动模拟精度有显著影响.     

二维正交各向异性位势问题的高阶单元快速多极边界元法

研制了一种适用于二维正交各向异性位势问题的高阶单元(线性单元和二次单元)快速多极边界元法. 在快速多极边界元法中, 源点对于远场区域的积分采用快速多极展开式计算, 而对于近场区域的积分则直接进行计算. 高阶单元的使用使得近场积分, 尤其是奇异积分和几乎奇异积分的计算更加复杂. 通过引入复数表达对其进行简化, 若边界采用线性单元插值, 近场积分可直接解析计算; 若采用二次单元插值, 则给出一个半解析算法计算近场积分. 高阶单元奇异积分和几乎奇异积分计算难题的解决, 使得高阶单元快速多极边界元法不仅能够计算一般结构, 也能被应用于超薄体结构, 拓宽了高阶单元快速多极边界元法的适用范围. 数值算例表明, 若计算精度一定, 高阶单元快速多极边界元法较常值单元快速多极边界元法使用的单元数量显著减少, 且高阶单元快速多极边界元法计算时间与自由度数量成线性关系, 其计算效率仍处于$O(N)$量级, 因此高阶单元快速多极边界元法可更加高效求解大规模问题.      

A consistent incompressible SPH method for internal flows with fixed and moving boundaries

An improved incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method is presented, which employs first‐order consistent discretization schemes both for the first‐order and second‐order spatial derivatives. A recently introduced wall boundary condition is implemented in the context of ISPH method, which does not rely on using dummy particles and, as a result, can be applied more efficiently and with less computational complexity. To assess the accuracy and computational efficiency of this improved ISPH method, a number of two‐dimensional incompressible laminar internal flow benchmark problems are solved and the results are compared with available analytical solutions and numerical data. It is shown that using smaller smoothing lengths, the proposed method can provide desirable accuracies with relatively less computational cost for two‐dimensional problems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A NEW SEMI-ANALYTIC ALGORITHM OF NEARLY SINGULAR INTEGRALS IN HIGH ORDER BOUNDARY ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF 2D ELASTICITY

针对边界元法中高阶单元中几乎奇异积分计算难题,解剖了二维边界元法高阶单元的几何特征,定义源点相对高阶单元的接近度。将高阶单元上奇异积分核函数用近似奇异函数逼近,从而分离出积分核中主导的奇异函数部分,其奇异积分核分解为规则核函 数和奇异核函数两项积分之和。规则核函数用常规高斯数值积分,再对奇异核函数积分导出解析公式,从而建立了一种新的半解析法,用于高阶边界单元上几乎强奇异和超奇异积分计算。给出3个算例,采用边界元法高阶单元的半解析法计算了弹性力学薄体结构和近边界点位移/应力,并与线性边界元正则化算法结果作了比较,结果表明提出的二次元的半解析算法更加有效。特别是分析薄体结构,采用正则化算法的线性边界元分析比有限元有显著优势,而用提出的二次边界元半解析算法分析比其线性元的有效接近度又减小了4个量级。     

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS ON THE VELOCITY AND PRESSURE FIELDS INDUCED BYMULTI-OSCILLATIONS OF AN UNDERWATER EXPLOSION BUBBLE

假设水下爆炸气泡的内部气体在膨胀收缩过程中满足绝热条件,周围流体无黏无旋不可压缩. 基于势流理论,采用边界元法研究气泡动力学行为,重点关注气泡引起的流场脉动载荷以及滞后流特性,给出了相关的理论推导和数值计算方法. 通过将数值结果与解析解、实验值进行对比,数值模型的收敛性和有效性能够得到保证. 利用编写的程序进行计算和分析,发现在气泡加速膨胀阶段,流场压力在气泡径向不一定是逐渐衰减,还有可能以先增后减的规律变化;气泡射流后,为了能够继续描述环状气泡的运动以及流场特性,将此时的流场分为无旋场和一个布置在气泡内部涡环的叠加,计算过程中采用了一些数值技巧处理气泡的拓扑结构,得以连续模拟多个周期的气泡运动. 环状气泡具有相对较高的上浮迁移速度,而且在其顶部和底部附近分别形成两个高压区,顶部的高压区峰值相对较大,底部的高压区范围相对较大. 环状气泡中心轴上的流场速度会在气泡中心有一个加速过程,在气泡顶部附近又迅速减小.     

快速多极虚边界元法对含圆孔薄板有效弹性模量的模拟分析

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