儿童滑膜肉瘤CT、MRI表现

目的分析儿童滑膜肉瘤(synovial sarcoma,SS)的CT和MRI表现,探讨CT和MRI对滑膜肉瘤的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析7例经手术病理证实的滑膜肉瘤患者的临床和影像学资料。结果 7例SS发生于四肢及躯干深部软组织内,呈圆形或卵圆形,边界清晰,瘤体较大,6例病灶最大直径为3.4～17.8 cm,平均8.2 cm,仅1例病灶最大径小于2 cm。CT平扫呈等或稍低密度的软组织肿块,6例病灶内可见坏死区,3例病灶边缘合并有钙化。MRI平扫肿瘤实性部分T_1WI呈等或稍低信号,T_2WI病灶呈稍高或高信号,部分病灶内部可见分隔样低信号。CT增强和MRI增强表现相仿,多呈明显不均匀强化。结论 SS影像学表现具有一定特征性,CT和MRI综合评价有助于提高滑膜肉瘤的诊断,确诊仍需依靠病理学检查。     

滑膜肉瘤的影像学表现

目的探讨滑膜肉瘤的影像学特征,提高诊断的准确性。方法回顾性分析病理确诊的13例滑膜肉瘤的临床及影像学资料。结果①大部分滑膜肉瘤邻近关节,尤其下肢大关节。②X线平片上多表现为直径>5cm的中等密度的肿块,部分有钙化。③CT上多表现为略低于肌肉密度的肿块,边界清楚或不清楚,内部密度欠均匀。④磁共振T2WI/STIR像肿瘤内多呈稍高信号的“卵石”状结节,其间有低信号间隔,增强后结节不强化或轻度强化,间隔明显强化。结论滑膜肉瘤的一些影像学特点,尤其MRI特点对其诊断有较强的参考价值。     

滑膜肉瘤的影像学诊断

目的 探讨滑膜肉瘤的影像学特征.方法 搜集经病理证实的滑膜肉瘤22例,所有病例均行X线检查,其中同时行CT检查者18例,行MR检查者20例,3种检查都进行者15例.分析其X线、CT及MRI表现,总结影像学特征.结果 22例滑膜肉瘤均临近关节,16例位置深在.X线及CT表现为略高密度软组织肿块,5例肿块内有钙化,7例邻近有骨质破坏.MRI T1WI呈略低信号,T2WI呈高信号,13例肿块内有坏死、囊变区,9例肿瘤内可见条形低信号间隔,增强后肿瘤10/13例呈显著且不均匀强化.结论 滑膜肉瘤具有一定的影像学特征,MRI是诊断滑膜肉瘤的首选方法.     

滑膜肉瘤的临床影像学诊断(附33例报告)

目的:总结33例滑膜肉瘤的临床影像学表现特点,探讨其诊断依据。方法:搜集经手术病理证实的滑膜肉瘤33例,其中男性20例,女性13例,病史1个月~5年,主要症状为局部软组织肿块。33例均摄有X线平片;21例行CT检查,其中14例同时行增强扫描。18例行MR平扫,15例行增强扫描。结果:33例X线表现为局部软组织肿块,5例(15.15%)可见斑点状钙化灶,2例(6.06%)可见大片状钙化。21例CT平扫均表现为低密度类圆形或分叶状软组织肿块,6例边界清楚,周围肌肉受推压变薄;15例边界不清,周围肌肉与病灶间无清楚边界。病灶最大径2.10~18.60cm。9例伴有邻近骨质侵蚀性溶骨性破坏,破坏边缘锐利,无硬化边;6例(28.57%)软组织肿块内可见斑点状或斑片状钙化灶;2例(9.52%)可见大片状不均匀钙化。7例包绕邻近关节生长。14例行CT增强扫描,病灶呈明显不均匀逐渐强化,其中12例(57.14%)可见到大小不一的囊状无强化区。18例T1WI均表现为不均匀低信号或略低信号,T2WI上呈不均匀高信号,11例(61.11%)出现高、中、低"三重信号"征。病灶最大径2.40~20.10cm。8例边界清楚;10例侵犯邻近肌肉,边界不清,周围出现明显水肿信号。4例病灶中可见短T1长T2出血信号;2例(11.11%)病灶囊变区内可见明显的液-液平面。15例MR增强扫描表现为病灶明显不均匀强化,其中10例(66.67%)病灶内含有大小不一、无强化的囊状结构。7例包绕邻近关节生长的病灶,侵蚀性骨质破坏表现较CT明显。结论:滑膜肉瘤具有一定的临床影像学特征,但需要与多种软组织肿瘤进行鉴别。     

髋关节滑膜肉瘤的影像学表现

目的：分析髋关节滑膜肉瘤的影像学特点,提高诊断的准确性。方法：髋关节周围软组织滑膜肉瘤患者6例,其中4例行DR（digital radiography）拍片,1例行CT检查,6例患者均行MRI（underwent magnetic resonancei maging）检查。回顾分析相关影像学资料,总结其影像学特点。结果：DR表现为髋关节不规则骨质破坏。CT表现为髋关节周围密度不均匀软组织肿块,内中可见斑点状钙化影,邻近骨质不规则破坏。MRI表现为髋关节周围软组织肿块,边界不清;T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高、低混杂信号,脂肪抑制序列T2WI呈混杂高信号。结论：发现髋关节周围软组织肿块并邻近骨质不规则破坏,要考虑滑膜肉瘤的可能性。DR、CT、MRI三者相结合有助于髋关节滑膜肉瘤的诊断。     

原发性颞下窝肿瘤的CT与MRI特点分析

目的 探讨原发性颞下窝肿瘤的CT、MRI表现特点.方法 回顾性分析经手术或穿刺病理证实的21例原发性颞下窝肿瘤的CT及MRI资料,分析其影像学表现.结果 21例中良性肿瘤10例(47.6％),包括血管瘤4例,神经鞘瘤2例,神经纤维瘤3例,脂肪瘤1例;恶性肿瘤11例(52.4％),包括横纹肌肉瘤3例,滑膜肉瘤2例,腺样囊性癌2例,腺泡状软组织肉瘤2例,纤维肉瘤和淋巴瘤各1例.血管瘤呈渐进性显著强化,常伴钙化,MRI T2WI病灶内见流空信号.神经鞘瘤表现为不均匀强化的软组织肿块,伴有出血、坏死、囊变.神经纤维瘤密度/信号较均匀,内含有散在钙化灶.脂肪瘤CT及MRI均表现为脂肪密度/信号肿块,边界清晰.横纹肌肉瘤、纤维肉瘤及淋巴瘤浸润性生长并向邻近间隙蔓延,增强扫描均匀或不均匀强化.滑膜肉瘤边界较清楚,强化明显,可伴不规则钙化.腺样囊性癌表现为浸润性生长的软组织肿块,内可见“筛状”改变.腺泡状软组织肉瘤为不均匀软组织肿块,病灶中央及周边有流空血管为其特征性影像学表现.结论 颞下窝原发性肿瘤少见,熟悉其影像学特点有利于提高诊断及鉴别诊断水平.     

滑膜肉瘤的影像学表现

目的:分析滑膜肉瘤的影像学表现,以提高对该病的认识。方法:回顾性分析11例经病理确诊为滑膜肉瘤患者的各种影像资料。结果:11例滑膜肉瘤发病部位分别位于足部(包括踝关节)4例,髋关节2例,胸椎2例,前肋骨、肱骨下段及臀部各1例。X线平片表现为类圆形、椭圆形或分叶状的软组织肿块,1例肿块近边缘出现斑点及斑片样钙化并伴有邻近骨质囊状破坏。CT表现为稍低于周围正常肌肉密度的不均匀软组织肿块,边界不清晰,增强扫描呈轻~中度不均匀强化。磁共振T1WI上,4例为等低信号,1例为稍高信号;T2WI上均呈中/高混杂信号,并见更高信号囊变区,T2WI压脂为不均匀高信号,部分呈多发结节样团块,并见低信号分隔,增强扫描呈明显不均匀强化。肿瘤具有侵袭性,位于臀部的病灶则向臀大肌、臀中肌及臀小肌侵犯。发生于胸椎附件区病灶邻近椎板及棘突骨质破坏,并沿椎间孔向椎管内突入。结论:滑膜肉瘤的影像学表现具有一定特征,对肿瘤的诊断也有帮助;但对于发生于罕见部位的滑膜肉瘤而言,仍有赖于病例组织学的检查。     

滑膜肉瘤的影像学诊断及鉴别诊断

目的：研究滑膜肉瘤的影像表现及其诊断价值。方法：分析11例滑膜肉瘤的影像表现,所有病人均摄X线照片,8例CT和5例MRI检查。结果：①11例滑膜肉瘤均邻近关节,3例靠近上肢关节,8例靠近下肢关节;②4例滑膜肉瘤中有钙化;③6例滑膜肉瘤出现相邻骨质囊状破坏;④CT上表现为略低于肌肉密度的肿块,内部密度欠均匀;⑤磁共振T2WI/STIR像上肿瘤内多呈“卵石状”稍高信号结节,其间有低信号间隔。结论：滑膜肉瘤有一定的影像表现特点和诊断价值,MRI特别是对病变诊断优于X线平片和CT,但确诊有赖于病理。     

筛窦畸胎癌肉瘤1例报道并文献复习

目的提高对鼻腔鼻窦畸胎癌肉瘤(SNTCS)的影像学认识。方法报道1例经病理证实的筛窦畸胎癌肉瘤,复习相关文献并探讨其临床特征、影像学表现及鉴别诊断。结果肿瘤CT平扫表现为软组织密度肿块,有小囊变,无明显钙化,侵犯鼻咽及前颅底;MRI表现为T1WI不均匀等、稍低信号,T2WI不均匀等、稍高信号,增强扫描肿块明显不均匀持续强化,小囊变区未见强化。结论鼻腔鼻窦畸胎癌肉瘤非常罕见,肿瘤具有一定的影像学特征,确诊需依赖病理学诊断。     

儿童神经母细胞瘤颅面骨转移的CT和MRI表现

目的：探讨神经母细胞瘤颅面骨转移的CT和MRI特征性表现。方法：回顾性分析6例经病理证实的神经母细胞瘤颅面骨转移患者的CT和MRI资料,分析其影像学特征。6例均行头颅CT平扫,其中2例行头颅MRI平扫和增强检查,6例中5例行腹部CT平扫及增强检查,1例行腹部MRI平扫及增强检查。结果：6例均为双侧颅面骨受累,主要CT表现为颅面骨骨质破坏、骨膜下垂直骨针和软组织肿块,软组织肿块中可见钙化;主要MRI表现为颅骨骨质破坏并软组织肿块,其内有钙化灶,肿块于T1WI上呈等信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,增强后可见肿块和邻近脑膜有不均匀轻度强化。5例腹部CT显示腹膜后肿块并钙化,增强后有不均匀强化。1例MRI显示腹膜后肿块。结论：神经母细胞瘤颅骨转移的CT和MRI表现有一定特征性,CT和MRI对本病的诊断有重要价值。     

Synovial sarcoma of the soft tissues: prognostic significance of imaging features

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the prognostic value of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features in synovial sarcoma of the soft tissues. METHODS: CT and MR imaging studies were performed in 30 patients with pathologically confirmed synovial sarcoma of the soft tissues. CT and MR imaging findings obtained by 2 radiologists with agreement by consensus were compared for histopathologic features including tumor grade. Univariate analyses were conducted to clarify the impact of imaging findings on overall survival with a medium duration of 32 months. Multivariate analysis was estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model with the relative risk of each variable. RESULTS: Statistically significant imaging findings favoring a diagnosis of high-grade tumor included proximal distribution (P < 0.01), large tumor size (>10 cm, P < 0.05), the absence of calcification (P < 0.05), tumor possessing cyst (P < 0.01), the presence of hemorrhage (P < 0.05), and the presence of triple signal pattern (P < 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that proximal distribution (P < 0.05), tumor size larger than 5 cm (P < 0.01), the absence of calcification (P < 0.01), the presence of hemorrhage (P < 0.05), and the presence of triple signal pattern (P < 0.05) had a significant association with the disease-free survival (DFS). Multiple logistic regression models revealed that tumor size larger than 10 cm had a significant impact on the DFS with relative risk of 18.8 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: CT and MR imaging studies allow prognosis prediction in patients with synovial sarcoma of the soft tissues.     

Macroscopic vascular invasion in synovial sarcoma evident on MRI

We present a case of recurrent synovial sarcoma in the soft tissues of the calf, where MR imaging not only confirmed the diagnosis of tumour recurrence, but also demonstrated direct venous invasion and tumour thrombus within the popliteal vein and its tributaries. Venous invasion has particular relevance to synovial sarcoma prognostication and should be actively sought on MR imaging. To our knowledge this is the first reported case in the English literature of histologically proven macroscopic popliteal vein invasion from a synovial sarcoma demonstrated on MR imaging.     

Primary mediastinal synovial sarcoma: a report of 2 cases

Synovial sarcoma is the third most common histological type of extremity soft tissue sarcoma. However, primary mediastinal synovial sarcoma is extremely rare. We present 2 cases of unresectable primary mediastinal synovial sarcoma. The radiographic imaging of our present cases was characteristic of a heterogeneously enhancing mass. They were treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, there was complete obstruction of esophagus resulting from progressive diseases. The radiographic findings and treatment were discussed.     

骨外滑膜肉瘤的临床X线表现(附22例分析)

目的：为了进一步提高对骨外滑膜肉瘤的认识和临床Ｘ线诊断水平。方法：作者总结了经手术病理证实的２２例骨外滑膜肉瘤的临床Ｘ线表现和临床治疗及预后资料。结果：２２例均可见软组织肿块,７例有骨改变。结论：本病Ｘ线表现无特征性,术前诊断很困难,必需临床和Ｘ线相结合,确诊还需要依靠病理     

Synovial cysts of unusual localization. 2 cases and review of the literature

Two patients with true synovial cysts in atypical sites (internal compartment of knee and inguinal hollow) were investigated by radioarthrography, ultrasound and computed tomography imaging. The cyst in the hip region originated from a dilated serous bursa of the iliopsoas muscle that did not communicate or was no longer in communication with the joint. In contrast, the cyst of the knee appeared to be a lateral synovial capsule hernia. Positive diagnosis in both cases was dependent on combined ultrasound-CT scan imaging, this eliminating a tumor (sarcoma) of soft tissues. However, affirmation of the synovial origin (mesothelial covering of the wall) of the lesion was obtained by histology only, this allowing differentiation from a "capsular" (fibrous wall) cyst, which probably provokes similar ultrasound and CT scan images.     

Scintigraphic findings in synovial sarcoma with structural correlation

Synovial sarcoma is a relatively rare malignant soft tissue tumour. It is highly aggressive, tends to occur in young adults and has a poor prognosis. The scintigraphic findings in 10 patients with histopathologically proven synovial sarcoma were reviewed. Most of the lesions occurred in the extremities and intense uptake of thallium was observed on 30-min and 4-h imaging in almost all cases. Thallium has an important role in the detection of possible metastatic disease and in monitoring response to therapy. The scintigraphic features of synovial sarcoma are presented and correlated with the radiographic findings.     

Cystic synovial sarcomas: imaging features with clinical and histopathologic correlation

Objective To characterize the radiological and clinicopathologic features of cystic synovial sarcoma.Design and patients Seven patients with primary cystic synovial sarcoma were evaluated. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were undertaken at the first presentation. The diagnosis of synovial sarcoma was made on the basis of histological examinations followed by molecular analysis. Radiological and clinicopathologic findings were reviewed.Results CT showed well-defined soft tissue mass without cortical bone erosion and invasion. Calcification was seen at the periphery of the mass in three cases. T2-weighted MR images showed multilocular inhomogeneous intensity mass in all cases, five of which showed fluid-fluid levels. On gross appearance, old and/or fresh hematomas were detected in six cases. In the one remaining case, microscopic hemorrhage in the cystic lumen was proven. Four cases had poorly differentiated areas. In five cases prominent hemangiopericytomatous vasculature was observed. Histologic grade was intermediate in one tumor and high in six. One case had a history of misdiagnosis for tarsal tunnel syndrome, one for lymphadenopathy, two for sciatica and two for hematoma.Conclusion All cystic synovial sarcomas demonstrated multilocularity with well-circumscribed walls and internal septae. Synovial sarcoma should be taken into consideration in patients with deeply situated multicystic mass with triple signal intensity on T2-weighted MR imaging.     

The role of diagnostic imaging in synovial sarcoma. Our experience

PURPOSE: Synovial sarcoma is a rare malignant mesenchymal tumour of soft tissues. It accounts for 8-10% of all soft-tissue sarcomas. The clinical symptoms at onset are often subtle and the course of the disease is slow. Therefore, diagnostic imaging is essential for the early diagnosis of a malignant tumoral lesion. The aim of this study was to assess the role and usefulness of the different imaging procedures in the diagnosis of synovial sarcoma and to present their findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1985 and 2002, we retrospectively reviewed 35 patients (21 men and 14 women, aged 14-66 years) with synovial sarcoma treated in the Orthopaedic Oncological Surgery Division of our hospital. All patients had previously undergone conventional radiography, B-mode ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Conventional radiography showed indirect signs of the neoplasm including soft-tissue swelling, calcifications and bone erosions. Ultrasound allowed the detection of focal nodular lesions but was non-specific in distinguishing malignant features. CT after intravenous injection of contrast medium demonstrated inhomogeneous enhancement in 90% of cases, suggesting an alteration in tumour microcirculation. In all cases examined, MRI enabled detection of the intrinsic structural alterations of the mass indicative of an aggressive lesion. CONCLUSIONS: Contrast-enhanced CT and MRI provide useful information on the intrinsic structure of the neoplasm, suggesting a presumptive diagnosis. Furthermore, they are necessary for tumour staging, surgical planning and follow-up. The definitive diagnosis is provided by biopsy and histology.     

骨盆原发性恶性肿瘤的影像学诊断

目的:探讨骨盆原发性恶性肿瘤的影像学诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析17例经病理证实的骨盆原发性恶性肿瘤的影像学表现。结果:17例骨盆原发性恶性肿瘤中,骨盆软组织来源10例,骨性骨盆来源7例。骨盆软组织来源者多位于臀部肌肉或肌间隙(7/10),骨性骨盆来源者多位于双侧髂骨或累及髂骨(5/7)。5例显示钙化,其中软骨肉瘤2例,表现为多发环状及条状钙化,另外3例为平滑肌肉瘤、滑膜肉瘤及血管肉瘤,为散在少量点状钙化;11例表现为不均匀强化,4例实性部分明显强化,2例无明显强化;5例为囊实性,12例为实性。结论:骨盆原发性恶性肿瘤病理类型复杂,熟悉其影像学表现有助于提高术前诊断符合率,最终确诊仍需组织病理学。