高速铣削SiC_p/Al复合材料表面形貌功率谱密度研究

为了研究切削参数对高速铣削SiCp/Al复合材料表面微观形貌的影响,本文采用不同切削参数进行了高速铣削实验,利用Talyscan150型表面粗糙度测试仪对加工表面进行测量,对获得的表面数据进行功率谱密度(PSD)分析。结果表明:高速铣削SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料时,进给量与铣削深度对功率谱密度影响不大,切削速度是主要影响因素,并且随着切削速度的增大,功率谱密度值降低,表面质量提高。加工表面的主要空间波长成分能够反映加工工艺条件对加工表面形貌的影响。     

SiCp/Al复合材料旋转超声辅助磨削的试验研究

铝基碳化硅颗粒增强复合材料(SiCp/Al)有许多优异的特性,但其加工非常困难,限制了该种材料在工程中的应用。旋转超声辅助磨削加工非常适合中、高体分SiCp/Al复合材料的加工。针对增强体体积分数45%、增强颗粒尺寸3μm、基体材料A12的SiCp/Al复合材料进行了实验研究,分析了加工表面形貌、表面粗糙度和切削力随切削参数的变化规律。实验结果表明,工件加工表面质量较高,表面粗糙度Ra值在0.131~0.340μm之间;切削过程平稳,轴向切削力Fz值在23.33~51.31N。     

SiC_p/Al复合材料高速铣削加工表面质量及切屑形成机制

使用聚晶金刚石(PCD)刀具,对碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料(SiCp/Al)进行高速铣削加工,研究了加工表面质量及切屑的形成机制。结果表明:刀具进给波纹、工件材料塑性侧流、刀具-工件相对振动和增强颗粒去除过程留下的孔洞、微裂纹、基体撕裂等是SiCp/Al复合材料高速铣削加工表面的主要形成机制;增大切削速度、使用冷却液、降低增强颗粒体积分数、减小增强颗粒尺寸均有助于提高加工表面质量;切屑形态为不均匀锯齿状,增强颗粒体积分数、热处理状态等对切屑形成有显著影响,绝热剪切、孔洞/微裂纹动态形成和扩展是切屑的主要形成机制。     

不同体积分数的SiCp/Al复合材料回转体薄壁件模态分析

运用ANSYS软件对不同体积分数的SiCp/Al复合材料薄壁圆柱壳进行模态分析,得出了工件前20阶固有频率及各阶振型,研究了不同体积分数对工件固有频率的影响。结果表明:SiCp/Al复合材料薄壁圆柱壳各阶固有频率均较高,随着SiC体积分数的增加,各阶固有频率总体呈上升趋势,1阶和3阶固有频率随着体积分数的增加上升的趋势不太明显。该分析结果可为SiCp/Al复合材料薄壁圆柱壳零件的结构设计及切削参数的选择提供理论依据。     

PCD刀具高速铣削高体积分数SiC_p/Al复合材料的表面粗糙度研究

针对PCD刀具高速铣削体积分数为65%的SiCp/Al复合材料,通过单因素和正交试验研究了不同铣削参数对表面粗糙度的影响。研究结果表明:影响SiCp/Al复合材料已加工表面粗糙度的最重要参数是每齿进给量,其次是铣削深度,铣削速度和铣削宽度对表面粗糙度的影响较小;铣削速度与铣削宽度之间存在一定的交互作用;为得到较好的表面粗糙度,可选择较高的铣削速度、适中的铣削深度和铣削宽度、较低的每齿进给量进行加工。     

SiCp/Al轴向超声振动微铣削的切削特性试验研究

针对SiCp/Al复合材料微铣削刀具易磨损、难以获得高质量加工表面的问题,对40%体积分数的SiCp/Al复合材料采用轴向超声振动进行辅助微铣削,根据轴向超声振动微铣削的切削特点,通过试验研究铣削力信号的幅频特性,三向切削力随主轴转速、切削深度和每齿进给量的变化规律,并与普通微铣削进行和对比。结果表明:采用轴向超声振动辅助微铣削,三向铣削分力都呈现出随主轴转速先增大再缓慢减小的趋势,可使3个方向的铣削力减小10%～50%。     

SiCp/Al复合材料在常规与超声振动辅助条件的切削过程和表面形成的有限元分析

SiCp/Al复合材料是一种典型的难加工的材料,由于其基体中颗粒增强导致常规切削中加工质量差、切削阻力高、加工损伤高,机械加工性差,常规切削已不能满足加工要求。通过切削仿真,对比分析常规与超声振动辅助切削条件下复合材料的切削过程、SiC颗粒的损伤特性、工件的表面形貌与亚表面损伤。结果表明,相比于常规切削,超声振动辅助切削可以提高复合材料的表面完整性,减少复合材料的亚表面损伤,并且能够提高工件的表面质量。     

SiCp/Al复合材料高速铣削的有限元仿真研究

运用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立了三维斜角铣削模型,对SiCp/Al复合材料的的高速铣削过程进行模拟。首先分析了切削过程中SiCp/Al复合材料的应力、应变的分布规律,然后分析了不同等效切削厚度对切屑形状和温度场的影响,最后分析了切削参数对切削力的影响规律。铣削过程的有限元模拟为SiCp/Al复合材料高速铣削加工的工艺参数优化、刀具参数的合理选择提供了参考。     

SiCp/Al复合材料切削仿真与实验研究

由于SiCp/Al颗粒增强复合材料具有高比模量、高比强度、耐磨性好、耐高温和导热导电性能良好等优异性能,使其在工程应用中成为了传统金属的精良替代品。针对体积分数为45%的SiCp/Al颗粒增强复合材料进行切削研究,建立切削仿真模型,从应力场的分布情况、颗粒的断裂与破碎机理以及切屑表面的裂纹扩展等方面对切削机理进行仿真分析,并通过铣削实验进行了验证。结果表明,颗粒的断裂与破碎主要发生在剪切区和工件与切屑的分离面,同时由于颗粒的存在会使切屑表面产生微裂纹,微裂纹的扩展是影响切屑表面形态的重要因素。     

PCD刀具高速铣削SiCp/Al复合材料切削温度试验研究

采用夹丝半人工热电偶法,在600- 1200m/min速度范围内对PCD刀具高速铣削SiCp/2009Al复合材料时的切削温度进行了研究,采用单接点热电偶快速标定装置对热电偶(SiCp/2009Al—康铜)测量的热电势进行了标定试验,获得了各种复合材料的温度标定曲线.研究结果表明,在本文试验条件下,铣削温度瞬时最高值可...     

微量润滑切削加工性能影响因素的研究

介绍了微量润滑（MQL）切削加工技术相对于传统湿式和干式切削的应用优势及应用现状,重点分析了MQL油雾供给与混合系统、润滑油、压缩空气、工件材料、刀具以及切削参数等因素对MQL切削加工性能的影响规律,发现在加工条件确定的情况下,润滑油用量、压缩空气压力和切削参数之间存在最优组合。因此,为了充分发挥MQL切削加工技术的应用优势,必须对MQL工艺系统进行全面而精确的优化。     

Experimental study of high-speed milling of SiCp/Al composites with PCD tools

In this paper, high-speed milling experiments on silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix (SiCp/Al) composites with higher volume fraction and larger particles were carried out using polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tools at dry and wet machining conditions. For comparison, a TiC-based cermet tool was also used in milling the same workpiece material at very low speed. Worn PCD and cermet tools were measured and extensively characterized by scanning electron microscopy at different machining conditions. Furthermore, the effect of cutting distance on milling force and surface roughness were also investigated. The results showed that the main tool wear mechanism in machining of this type of material was abrasion on the flank face, and it was verified that the TiC-based cermet tool was not suitable for machining SiCp/Al composites with higher volume fraction and larger particles due to the heavy abrasive nature of reinforcement.     

Integration of cutting force control and chatter suppression control into automatic cutting feed adjustment system design

Abstract

This study designed an automatic cutting feed adjustment system for computer numerical control (CNC) turning machine tools, which integrate the operational characteristics of cutting force control and chatter suppression control to shorten the machining time and maintain the quality of workpieces. The setting of appropriate machining conditions (such as cutting feed, spindle speed and depth of cut) to consider both machining quality and efficiency often causes difficulties for machine tool operators. Therefore, this study uses cutting force control to design an automatic cutting feed adjustment method for cutting tools, and then, the chatter suppression control design is used to modify the cutting force command to suppress cutting chatter. The experimental results of the CNC turning machine tool show that the use of the cutting force control to adjust the cutting feed can shorten the machining time; however, the cutting chatter results in larger surface waviness on the workpiece surface. When the cutting force command is properly modified by actuating the chatter suppression control, the workpiece shows better surface roughness with prolonged machining time. Therefore, the cutting tests demonstrate that the proposed system is feasible for satisfying the machining requirements of the manufacturing processes of mechanical parts for high speed and high accuracy.     

Specific cutting force, tool wear and chip morphology characteristics during dry drilling of austempered ductile iron (ADI)

Dry machining is being recognized as ecological machining due to its less environmental impact and manufacturing cost. However, the choice of dry machining is mainly influenced by the workpiece material properties, machining operation and cutting conditions. The recent emergence of austempered ductile iron (ADI) can be considered a significant economic advantage to the increasing industrial demand for cost- and weight-efficient materials. However, due to its microstructure-induced inherent properties, ADI is considered hard-to-machine material. Thus, the dry drilling of ADI is investigated in this paper. The ADI material used in the present study is produced using an innovative process route for near net shape casting production. Drilling experiments are conducted on a DMU80P Deckel Maho five-axis machining centre using PVD-coated carbide tools under dry cutting environment. The dry drilling of ADI under different cutting conditions is evaluated in terms of specific cutting force and tool wear analysis. The influence of cutting conditions on chip morphology and surface roughness is also investigated. The experimental results revealed that the combination of the low feed rate and higher cutting speed leads to the higher mechanical and thermal loads on the tool's cutting edge, resulting in higher specific cutting force values. This behaviour is further supported by the chip morphology analysis, which revealed the formation of segmented chips at higher cutting speed with segment spacing increase with an increase in feed rate. Depending upon the cutting parameters, different modes of tool failures including crater wear, flank wear, chipping, breakage and built-up edge were observed. Surface roughness analysis revealed the influence of tool wear and chip morphology on the machined surface finish.     

Effect of the cutting condition and the reinforcement phase on the thermal load of the workpiece when dry turning aluminum metal matrix composites

Aluminum metal matrix composites (Al-MMCs) are two-phase high-performance materials. The reinforcement of aluminum alloys enhances the properties of the composite material but leads to poor machinability. The required mechanical work for machining is mostly dissipated into heat. Considerable generated quantities of heat are therefore expected when machining Al-MMCs due to the poor machinability of these composite materials. The machine tool, the tool, and the workpiece are thus subjected to a thermal load, which decreases the accuracy of machining. The thermal load increases moreover when dry turning due to the missing heat convection through the cutting fluid. It is therefore necessary to investigate the effect of the reinforcement phase and the cutting condition used on the thermal load of the workpiece in dry turning. Therefore, composites with different reinforcement phases and the non-reinforced aluminum matrix were used as the workpiece materials. The reinforcement differs regarding the volume percent and the average size of the silicon carbide particulate reinforcements. The results revealed that the thermal load and the thermal expansion of the workpiece are significantly affected by the cutting condition used and the reinforcement phase. High cutting speeds and feeds and moderate depths of cut need to be used in order to decrease the thermal load of the workpiece. The Al-MMC workpieces are subjected to greater thermal loads than the workpieces of the non-reinforced alloy. However, better machining accuracies were achieved in dry turning the Al-MMCs.     

面向绿色制造的干式齿轮加工过程碳排放分析

为了研究干式切削齿轮加工过程碳排放特性,对齿轮加工过程的物料、能源消耗、废物处理及碳排放特性进行了分析,提出了齿轮加工过程碳排放边界条件,建立了齿轮加工过程碳排放计算模型;根据某制造企业提供的数据,将同批次齿轮的绿色干式切削和湿式切削加工过程的碳排放量进行计算与对比分析,结果显示,与湿式切削相比,干式切削齿轮加工过程碳排放总量约少55.69%,废弃物处理碳排放量少15.57%,表明面向绿色制造的干式齿轮加工的能源消耗、成本费用较低且环保,高速干式齿轮加工技术将成为未来齿轮制造业发展的主要趋势。     

干切削时切削参数的选择和使用

在干切削中,刀具遇到的突出问题是严重的摩擦和高温,只要合理地选择切削用量,减小切削热和摩擦对加工过程的影响,可以减轻干切削的不利条件,有效提高干切削刀具的耐用度,使干切削像湿切削一样在生产中顺利进行。通过试验的方法来证明干切削完全可以取得良好的加工效果。     

高速干切滚齿工艺系统切削热全过程传递模型

高速干切滚齿工艺消除了切削油/液的使用,是一种绿色高效的齿轮制造工艺。切削热伴随着高速干切滚齿工艺全过程且区别于传统湿式滚切工艺,是造成干切滚刀磨损和机床热变形的重要因素,直接影响制造成本和加工精度。根据干切滚刀周期性断续传热特性,综合考虑切削热在切屑、工件、干切滚刀、冷却介质以及滚齿机床加工空间的传递规律,提出将高速干切滚齿工艺系统切削热的发生与传递全过程划分为三个阶段的研究思想,从关系模型和热传递方程两个层面建立了高速干切滚齿工艺系统切削热全过程传热模型,包括切削接触界面热传递、切削区域热传递和机床加工空间热传递三个阶段的模型,然后基于工艺仿真试验对所建模型进行了应用研究,揭示了高速干切滚齿工艺系统的切削热在工件、干切滚刀、切屑中的动态变化规律,最后通过试验验证了模型的有效性。     

Machining performance of a grooved tool in dry machining Ti-6Al-4 V

In this paper, dry machining experiment of Ti-6Al-4 V was carried out to investigate the machining performance of a grooved tool in terms of its wear mechanisms and the effects of cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed rate, and cutting depth) on tool life and surface roughness of the machined workpiece. The results showed that chip-groove configuration substantially improved the machining performance of cutting tool. The main wear mechanisms of the grooved tool were adhesive wear, stripping wear, crater wear, and dissolution-diffusion wear. The resistance to chipping was enhanced due to the decrease of contact pressure of tool-chip interface. And the resistance to plastic deformation of tool nose was weakened at the cutting speed of more than 60 m/min. The appropriate cutting speed and feed rate were less than 70 m/min and 0.10 mm/r, respectively. With cutting speed increasing, the surface roughness of machined workpiece decreased. A high feed rate helped the formation of higher surface roughness except 0.21 mm/r. When cutting depth increased, tool nose curvature and phase transformation of workpiece material had great impact on surface roughness.     

Influence of cutting condition on white layer induced by high speed machining of hardened steel

White layer formed on machined surface during dry and hard high speed machining has great influence on workpiece performance. Studying machined surface white layer is significant to improve the machinability and surface quality of workpiece. Experiments of dry and hard high speed machining of GCr15 bearing steel and 40CrNiMoA alloy steel were carried out with PCBN inserts, the phase composition and the thickness of white layer were studied experimentally; the formation mechanism of the white layer were studied; effects of cutting parameters, carbon content of substrate material on white layer thickness were analyzed; effects of cutting speed on retained austenite content in machined surface were also summarized. Results show that the microstructure of white layer consists of cryptocrystalline martensite, retained austenite and carbide; the white layer is formed by martensitic transformation; the white layer thickness and the retained austenite content of machined surface increase firstly and then decrease with cutting speed; the white layer thickness increases with flank wear and carbon content.