瓦斯浓度对爆炸传播影响的数值模拟研究

以DN700mm管道为原型,应用连续相计算方法对不同浓度瓦斯爆炸火焰、压力波传播进行数值模拟.从中可以看出,爆源附近火焰传播速度较小,上升到某一峰值后又衰减;瓦斯浓度对火焰传播速度有比较大的影响;爆源点的最大压力值并不是整个过程的最大值;瓦斯浓度对爆炸压力峰值影响较大.     

管道内天然气爆炸火焰及压力波传播规律实验研究

天燃气安全不仅仅局限在企业内部,而是面向全社会,关系到社会稳定和市民生命财产安全。随着天然气市场开拓和广泛利用,庞大的管网系统和多样的用气环境给安全工作提出了更高的要求。采用理论分析、实验研究相结合的方法研究了管道内天然气爆炸火焰及压力波的传播规律。应用直径为700mm,长度为93m的管道进行了三次天然气爆炸传播实验。得出爆源点最大压力值并不是整个爆炸过程的最大值;压力波最大压力值在爆源点附近先降低,然后上升到某一峰值之后再逐渐衰减;最大压力值在衰减过程中不是单调衰减,有点起伏;随着天然气浓度的增大,其爆炸平均升压速率反而减小;随着天然气浓度的增大,其爆炸平均升压速率反而在减小;爆源附近火焰传播速度较小,上升到某一峰值后逐渐衰减。     

管道内瓦斯爆炸温度与压力峰值试验研究

为分析瓦斯爆炸的火焰温度及压力峰值在管道中的传播规律,采用瓦斯管网爆炸测试系统进行试验,通过爆炸压力和爆炸火焰温度采集系统采集数据。在相同点火能量和点火位置的条件下,分析了体积分数对瓦斯爆炸的温度峰值和压力峰值的影响,及温度峰值和压力峰值随管道距离的变化规律。结果表明:当瓦斯体积分数低于9.5%时,温度峰值和压力峰值随瓦斯体积分数增大而增大;同一体积分数下,温度峰值最大值出现在最接近爆源的位置,并呈逐渐下降的趋势,接近爆源的温度峰值下降较明显,随管道延长,温度峰值的下降减慢且趋于平缓;温度峰值与传播距离近似呈三次函数关系;冲击波压力峰值随管道传播呈先上升后下降再上升的波动性变化。     

拐弯角度对瓦斯爆炸诱导煤尘爆炸的影响研究

为研究瓦斯爆炸诱导煤尘爆炸在不同拐弯巷道内的传播特征,首先采用不同角度拐弯管道模拟煤矿井下拐弯巷道结构;然后利用煤尘爆炸试验系统,通过试验监测管道内不同位置的冲击波压力值和火焰传播速度值;最后研究不同拐弯角度管道内瓦斯爆炸诱导煤尘爆炸冲击波和火焰在拐弯前后的变化特征。结果表明:瓦斯填充长度一定的情况下,沉积煤尘爆炸冲击波峰值超压先减小后增大,到达管道拐弯后,急剧减小;冲击波峰值超压衰减率随着管道拐弯角度的增大而增大,角度越大,峰值超压衰减越快;火焰传播速度先增大后减小,经过拐弯管道后,速度突然增加;火焰传播速度变化率随拐弯角度的增大而增大,角度越大,速度增幅越大。     

不同封闭情况下T型管道中瓦斯爆炸传播规律实验研究*

为研究不同封闭情况下T型管道中瓦斯爆炸的传播规律,在90°分岔管道中进行瓦斯爆炸实验,管道封闭情况为弱封闭（双PVC薄膜弱封闭）和强封闭（直管封闭或支管封闭）。实验结果表明:在瓦斯浓度为9.5%时,管道中各点处的瓦斯爆炸压力、火焰传播速度和火焰锋面振荡幅度最大,11%次之,8%最小。T型管道中,弱封闭端瓦斯爆炸压力不断减小;火焰传播速度先缓慢增大后减小,随后又快速增大。强封闭端,瓦斯爆炸压力增大;火焰传播速度先缓慢增大后略微下降,随后快速增大后又大幅度下降,甚至出现火焰锋面振荡现象。不同封闭管道中各测点的瓦斯最大爆炸压力和火焰传播速度大小比较可知,直管封闭管道＞双PVC薄膜弱封闭管道＞支管封闭管道。     

不同工况下泄爆门快速封闭泄爆特性试验研究

为研究泄爆门对瓦斯爆炸特征参数的影响,并验证其泄爆效果和快速封闭性能,自制大尺寸瓦斯爆炸管道试验系统,在瓦斯体积分数为5.5%、7.5%、9.5%和11.5%的工况下进行爆炸试验,通过数据采集系统收集瓦斯爆炸特性参数,分析其变化特征和泄爆效果。结果表明:4种工况下,爆炸压力波压力峰值分别衰减了42.25%、50.54%、53.27%和52.88%;随着瓦斯体积分数的增大,爆炸压力峰值以二次函数关系衰减,平均封闭火区14 h,说明泄爆门具有显著泄爆特性和快速封闭火区的作用;温度变化特征基本一致,无论瓦斯体积分数如何变化,泄爆门对瓦斯爆炸火焰没有抑制作用; 4种工况下火焰传播速度最大平均值分别为103.56、105.73、136.67和138.34 m/s。     

长管中立体障碍物对瓦斯爆炸特性影响的研究

管道内可燃气体火焰传播与障碍物相互作用的过程的研究对爆炸场所预估和防爆工程设计具有重要的意义,在实际生产、生活中,火焰传播方向上的障碍物往往具有立体结构,基本没有平面结构,因此,利用长管密闭容器,在立体障碍物存在的条件下,研究了瓦斯爆炸压力和火焰传播速度。研究结果表明:随着障碍物数量的增加,瓦斯爆炸压力和火焰传播速度随之增大;阻塞率增加,瓦斯爆炸压力和火焰传播速度出现先增大后减小的现象,当阻塞率为50%时,其爆炸压力和火焰传播速度达到最大;障碍物的摆放形式对瓦斯爆炸压力和火焰传播速度也有一定的影响。     

基于HLLC算法的连通器瓦斯爆炸模拟研究

为研究连通器瓦斯爆炸的瞬态流场并精确捕捉冲击波,采用基于详细化学反应的建表方法(TDC),在OpenFOAM平台上开发基于HLLC算法的瓦斯爆炸求解器,对1 m3密闭釜-管道系统内的瓦斯(甲烷)-空气预混气体爆炸模拟分析,通过瓦斯爆炸试验对模拟结果进行验证,在此基础上分析连通器瓦斯爆炸火焰及冲击波传播特性。结果表明:瓦斯爆炸火焰经过管道时加速,以射流形式喷入传爆釜,传爆釜冲击波的反射波与射流火焰耦合诱导二次爆炸,冲击波强度二次急剧上升;传爆釜中冲击波强度随管道长度增加而增大,管道长4 m时,火焰传播持续加速,而管道长6和10 m时,火焰传播速度先增高后降低。     

大直径瓦斯管道泄爆门泄爆特性试验研究

为研究泄爆门对瓦斯爆炸特性参数的影响,自制大直径瓦斯管道爆炸试验系统,在有无泄爆门2种工况下进行瓦斯爆炸试验;通过高速数据采集模块及工控机采集瓦斯爆炸特性参数,分析其变化特征和泄爆效果。结果表明:瓦斯质量分数为9. 5%时泄爆门工况下的最大压力是空管工况的1. 65倍,压力达到稳定状态的时间有所缩减;爆炸冲击波从测点1传播到测点3时,泄爆门工况下爆炸压力衰减率为62. 5%,空管工况仅为14. 3%,泄爆门显著衰减了爆炸压力;火焰温度的衰减与泄爆门无关; 2种工况下火焰传播速度的最大平均值分别为136. 67和113. 56 m/s。     

管道氢气-空气预混气体爆炸特征的试验研究

为研究管道内氢气与空气预混气体的爆炸规律,使用尺寸为150 mm×150 mm×1000 mm的方形透明管道,通过试验观测了氢气体积分数从10%到40%的爆炸火焰形状、传播速度与压力变化规律。火焰传播与压力分别由高速摄像机与压力传感器记录测量。结果表明,爆炸火焰特征及压力变化受氢气体积分数的影响很大。火焰在管道内的最大传播速度及压力峰值随氢气体积分数增大而急剧增大。最大火焰传播速度由18.3 m/s增大到304.2 m/s,传播时间由123.5ms缩短到10.5 ms。压力峰值由2.95 k Pa增大到34.06 k Pa。当氢气体积分数为25%及以上时,火焰速度持续上升,没有出现郁金香火焰,压力波先出现短时间强烈正负压振荡,后长时间微小振荡。火焰特征、传播速度、压力变化及爆炸响声均能够很好地反映氢气爆炸的强度。     

Numerical simulation and study on the transmission law of flame and pressure wave of pipeline gas explosion

Based on FLUENT simulation software, the laws of transmission of flame and pressure wave in pipeline gas explosion were studied. It turned out that, the maximum pressure value of the explosion point is not the maximum value of the whole explosion process; the maximum pressure value of the pressure wave lowers firstly near the explosion point, then rises to a peak, and then drops gradually; two waves divide the space in the pipeline into three sections during the gas explosion transmission. The result is basically consistent between numerical simulation and experiment, and the conclusion from the simulation provides theoretical basis for research on explosion-proof and suppression devices for underground gas pipeline, as well as for technical regulations of installation.     

Wire-mesh inhibition of jet fire induced by explosion venting

Explosion venting is widely applied in industrial explosion-proof designs due to the convenient, economical and practical features of this method. Natural gas is usually stored in storage tanks. If the gas in the vessel is mixed with air and encounters an ignition source, explosion venting might occur, producing jet fire, generating new secondary derivative accidents and causing casualties and property losses. In this paper, a set of test platforms including wire-mesh suppression devices is established to study the inhibition of jet fire induced by explosion venting by wire mesh. The experimental research shows that a wire mesh significantly inhibits the jet fire induced by explosion venting. The flame propagation velocity and pressure clearly decrease with increasing numbers of wire-mesh layers. The wire-mesh structure significantly affects the flame propagation, and the more layers of mesh there are, the better the suppression effect is. The flame temperature gradually decreases with the addition of the wire mesh. The mesh size significantly affects the pressure propagation of explosion venting. The explosion pressure gradually decreases with the addition of the wire mesh. With increasing distance between the wire mesh and the explosion vent, the maximum temperature first increases and then decreases, and the maximum explosion pressure first decreases and then increases. In the case of single gas cloud, the flame suppression effect is the most obvious when the wire mesh is 0.2 m away from the explosion vent. In the case of double gas clouds, the flame suppression effect is the most significant when the distance between the wire mesh and the first gas cloud is 0.4 m.     

瓦斯爆炸过程中火焰瞬时传播规律研究

在改善后的瓦斯爆炸试验条件下,为了得到任意位置的火焰传播速度,对火焰通过各传感器所处的位置与其对应时间进行统计分析,发现可以用二次抛物线方程来表达火焰传播距离与其对应时间之间的关系,由此推导火焰瞬时传播速度随管道位置变化的关系式,得到管道任意位置及任意时刻的火焰速度计算公式。研究发现:瓦斯爆炸火焰传播运动过程近似于匀加速直线运动过程;当加螺旋环时火焰传播过程接近于匀速直线运动。随着管道长度的不断增大,火焰瞬时速度不断增加,但增加的幅度越来越小,当管道长度达到某值后,火焰速度将趋于某一定值。煤矿井下可根据各点计算得出的火焰速度大小,采用相应的预防措施,减少瓦斯爆炸造成的损失。     

不同含水率煤尘在瓦斯爆炸诱导下爆炸传播规律研究

为了探究不同含水率煤尘在瓦斯爆炸诱导下的爆炸传播规律,利用自行搭建的直管瓦斯爆炸诱导煤尘二次爆炸实验系统,从冲击波压力和火焰传播速度2个方面,研究了不同含水率沉积煤尘在瓦斯爆炸诱导下的爆炸传播规律和原因。研究结果表明:当煤尘含水率小于40%时,管道内沉积煤尘会在瓦斯爆炸诱导下产生二次爆炸,同时沉积煤尘总量一定时,沉积煤尘二次爆炸产生的冲击波超压峰值和火焰传播速度随着煤尘含水率的增加先增大后减小;当沉积煤尘含水率为20% 时,煤尘二次爆炸产生的冲击波超压峰值、火焰传播速度峰值达到最大值,分别为1.657 MPa和468.060 m/s;当沉积煤尘含水率大于40%时,沉积煤尘无法产生二次爆炸,此时爆炸产生的威力小于单一瓦斯爆炸,火焰传播速度衰减较无煤尘的瓦斯爆炸更快,沉积煤尘起到抑制瓦斯爆炸传播的作用。研究结果可以为防治煤尘二次爆炸提供理论依据。     

缝洞型管道瓦斯爆炸特性数值模拟研究

为探究采空区遗煤、松散破碎岩块对瓦斯爆炸的影响,建立缝洞型管道模型,采用数值模拟与理论分析结合方法研究采空区内缝洞型管道内瓦斯爆炸的传播规律及管道长径比对瓦斯爆炸过程中速度与冲击波的影响。研究结果表明:在缝洞型结构内,随着火焰沿管道向前传播,各监测点速度逐渐变大、压力先增加后降低,而压力上升速率则表现出不规则的变化;缝洞结构加剧了火焰燃烧的剧烈程度,提高了管道内各监测点的温度峰值;在缝洞型管道内随长径比r增加,各监测点最大压力峰值以及速度大小依次降低。     

Experimental study on water sealing of fire barriers and explosion venting of large-scale pipeline with low-concentration gas

Low-concentration gas transported in pipelines may lead to explosion accidents because gas with a concentration of less than 30% is prone to explode. To reduce the incidence of gas explosions, water sealing of fire barriers is implemented, and explosion venting devices are installed along the pipeline. To investigate their suppression effect on low-concentration gas explosion, experiments using methane–air premixed gas under different conditions were implemented on a DN500 pipeline test system. The effects of three types of explosion venting forms (rupture disc, asbestos board, and plastic film) on explosion overpressure and flame were compared and analysed. Results show that the rupture disc, asbestos board, and plastic film can achieve adequate explosion venting, causing the peak decay rates of explosion overpressure to reach 82.37%, 81.72%, and 90.79%, respectively. The foregoing indicates that the greater the static activation pressure of the explosion venting form, the higher the peak explosion overpressure at each measurement point. Moreover, the shorter the explosion flame duration, the greater the flame propagation velocity. The research results provide an essential theoretical foundation for the effective suppression of gas explosion accidents in the process of low-concentration gas transportation.     

惰性气体抑制瓦斯爆燃火焰传播特性实验研究*

为研究惰性气体抑制瓦斯爆燃火焰传播特性,在自行搭建的中尺度爆炸激波管道上,采用数据采集系统、压电式传感器、火焰传感器、同步控制系统和激光纹影测试系统,通过对比4种不同喷射压力（0.5,1.5,2.5,3.5 MPa）的实验工况,选用N2做为惰性介质时抑制火焰的传播特性与喷射压力密切相关,火焰传播速度随着喷射压力增加呈现先增加后减弱的趋势。研究结果表明:少量N2在管道中扩散,加剧了未反应预混气体的扰动状态,造成火焰阵面褶皱的卷吸能力增强,进而加速化学反应进程,促进预混气体燃烧;喷射压力为1.5 MPa时,火焰阵面拉升、变形最强,火焰传播速度提高,最高可达到250 m/s;喷射压力为3.5 MPa时,火焰阵面出现明显三维凹陷结构,运动发生明显滞后现象,火焰传播速度大幅度降低至5.4 m/s,惰性气体抑制火焰传播效果明显。     

Experimental study on CO2/CF3I suppression of methane-air explosion and flame propagation

To explore the inhibitory effects of CF₃I and CO₂ gas on the explosion pressure and flame propagation characteristics of 9.5% methane, a spherical 20 L experimental explosion device was used to study the effect of the gas explosion suppressants on the maximum explosion pressure, maximum explosion pressure rise rate and flame propagation speed of methane. The results indicated that with a gradual increase in the volume fraction of the gas explosion suppressant, the maximum explosion pressure of methane and maximum explosion pressure rise rate gradually decreased, and the time taken to reach the maximum explosion pressure and maximum explosion pressure rise rate was gradually delayed. At the same time, the flame propagation speed gradually decreased. Additionally, the time taken for the flame to reach the edge of the window and the time taken for a crack as well as a cellular structure to appear on the flame surface was gradually delayed. The fluid dynamics uncertainty was suppressed. The explosion pressure and flame propagation processes were markedly suppressed, but the flame buoyancy instability was gradually enhanced. By comparing the effects of the two gas explosion suppressants on the pressure and flame propagation characteristics, it was found that at the same volume fraction, trifluoroiodomethane was significantly better than carbon dioxide in suppressing the explosion of methane. By comparing the reduction rates of the characteristic methane explosion parameters at a volume fraction of 9.5%, it was observed that the inhibitory effect of 4% trifluoroiodomethane on the maximum explosion pressure was approximately 4.6 times that of the same amount of carbon dioxide, and the inhibitory effect of 4% trifluoroiodomethane on the maximum explosion pressure rise rate and flame propagation speed was approximately 2.7 times that of the same amount of carbon dioxide. The addition of 0.5%–1.5% trifluoromethane to 4% and 8% carbon dioxide can improve the explosion suppression efficiency of carbon dioxide. This enhancing phenomenon is a comprehensive manifestation of the oxygen-decreasing effect of carbon dioxide and the trifluoroiodomethane-related endothermic effect and reduction in key free radicals.