偏颌畸形的治疗

目的 探讨偏颌畸形的治疗方法及效果.方法 对19例偏颌畸形患者根据畸形部位和程度,分别采用LefortⅠ型截骨、下颌升支矢状劈开截骨、颏部水平截骨、下颌前牙根尖下截骨和假体置入等手术方式,并观察其临床疗效.结果 术后随访19例,平均随访12个月,患者面形、(牙合)关系有较大改善,效果满意,所有截骨线愈合良好,无牙根损伤、神经损伤等并发症发生.结论 根据偏颌畸形类型及程度选择手术方式,配合术前、术后正畸治疗可得到满意效果,下颌前牙根尖下截骨结合下颌骨整形术治疗轻度的偏颌畸形效果满意.     

关节成型术后颞颌关节强直小颌畸形的矫治

目的:总结颞颌关节强直关节成型术后小颌畸形的临床矫治经验。方法:对1990年1月￣2005年12月收治的7例颞颌关节强直关节成型术后小颌畸形患者,在系统的围手术期准备后,对不同关节成型术的小颌畸形患者,进行了改良和常规口内下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术及颏水平前徙成形术。结果:7例颞颌关节强直关节成型术后小颌畸形患者,矫正了小颌畸形,面容获得明显改善,取得了理想的效果。结论:改良下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术和常规下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术及颏水平前徙成形术,是颞颌关节强直关节成型术后小颌畸形可靠的术式。     

正颌联合正畸矫治唇腭裂术后牙颌面畸形

目的以正颌外科手术联合正畸治疗的方法矫治唇腭裂术后牙颌面畸形。方法1996年以来共矫治此类畸形2l例，采用手术方法如下：Le FortⅠ型截骨术7例；多片段Le FortⅠ型截骨术5例；Le FortⅠ型截骨术加双侧下颌升支矢状劈开术（BSSRO）4例；BSSRO加颏成形术2例：Le FortⅠ型截骨术加下颌体部截骨术2例；BSSRO1例。结果2l例术后均达到模型外科设计要求，术后随访14例，平均25．6个月，九严重并发症及明显复发。12例行术前后正畸治疗者希关系及面部外形均满意，另2例个别牙齿矛台关系欠佳。结论以正颌外科手术联合正畸治疗的方法矫治成年期唇腭裂术后牙颌面畸形可取得满意结果。     

发育性偏颌畸形的整形外科矫治

目的探讨发育性偏颌畸形的外科矫治方法。方法通过对21例发育性偏颌畸形患者的畸形部位与程度，分别采用LefortⅠ型截骨、下颌升支矢状劈开、颏部水平截骨、下颌骨外板截除、下颌骨外板移植等项整形手术治疗，并就该类患者颌面结构特征、手术方式的选择及疗效进行了回顾性分析。结果自1997年7月至2003年10月共治疗发育性下颌偏斜畸形21例，根据不同的类型采用相应的手术方法，获得了满意面部形态和殆功能。结论发育性偏颌畸形，根据不同类型运用相应的措施，通过恢复面部骨性轮廓支架和殆关系，配合术前术后的正畸治疗，可获得满意的临床效果。     

双颌手术同期植骨矫治唇腭裂术后严重双颌畸形

目的:总结分析高位Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术与下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术联合应用,配合牙槽嵴裂植骨术矫治唇腭裂术后严重双颌畸形的手术设计与效果.方法:2002年1月～2006年4月,共收治18例唇腭裂术后严重双颌畸形患者,男8例,女10例.年龄16～33岁,平均24.5岁.单侧唇腭裂15例,双侧3例.影像学检查均有继发严重双颌畸形的主要表现.均联合应用高位Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术和下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术,同期行牙槽嵴裂自体髂骨游离移植Ⅰ期手术矫正.结果:术后伤口均Ⅰ期愈合.复查头部X线片,所有患者上、下颌骨位置均得到明显改善.随访6个月～3年,牙弓外形良好,X线片示无明显骨质吸收,植骨区密度与周围接近.18例均获得满意面容及良好的<牙合>关系. 结论:高位Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术与下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术联合应用,配合牙槽嵴裂植骨术可以Ⅰ期矫治唇腭裂术后严重双颌畸形,并可以获得满意的手术效果.不但可以减少手术次数,而且还降低了手术费用,是矫治唇腭裂术后严重双颌畸形的一种有效方法.     

单纯BSSRO联合术后正畸治疗下颌前突的颞下颌关节变化

目的 通过影像学测量,探讨单纯双侧下颌升支矢装劈开术(Bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy,BSSRO)联合术后正畸,治疗下颌前突(Mandibularprognathism,MP)患者的TMJ变化情况。方法 2012年至2014年,24例(男性8例,女性16例)MP伴/不伴面部不对称患者入组,面部对称及不对称的患者各12例,均行BSSRO联合术后快速正畸。测量术前及术后1年TMJ间隙及髁突和升支的角度,并进行统计学分析。结果 术前偏颌侧面部对称组与面部不对称组相比,各参数统计学无显著性差异,非偏颌侧面部对称组冠状位升支角明显大于面部不对称组(P=0.016 1)。术后偏颌侧面部对称组水平位髁突角明显小于面部不对称组(P=0.017 9),非偏颌侧两组各参数无显著性差异。面部对称组中,偏颌侧术前术后各参数无显著性差异,非偏颌侧冠状位髁突角(P=0.035 5)及前间隙(P=0.041 2)术后明显大于术前。面部不对称组中,偏颌侧术前术后各参数无显著性差异,非偏颌侧冠状位升支角(P=0.017 5)及矢状位升支角(P=0.039 8)术后明显大于术前;上间隙术后明显小于术前(P=0.031 9)。结论 单纯BSSRO联合术后快速正畸,面部对称组的非偏颌侧术后冠状位髁突角及前间隙出现了扩张,面部不对称组的非偏颌侧术后冠状位升支角及矢状位升支角增加,上间隙缩小。     

双颌手术矫治下颌前突的临床效果研究

目的探讨应用双颌手术联合正畸治疗矫治骨性Ⅲ类下颌前突畸形的临床效果。方法自2015年7月至2020年6月,辽宁省人民医院口腔科对7例骨性Ⅲ类下颌前突畸形患者,实施规范的术前X线头影测量分析、诊断,以及术前正畸、正颌外科手术、术后正畸和随访疗效评估的诊治程序进行双颌手术正颌外科联合正畸治疗。采用基本术式为LefortⅠ型切开截骨术(LefortⅠostotomy)整体前移上颌骨、双侧下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术后退下颌。结果所有患者术后伤口均一期愈合,无感染及骨坏死发生;随访1~3年,所有患者的上下颌骨关系正常,牙弓形态及牙颌曲线正常,牙排列整齐,咬关系及咀嚼效能良好,面部改善较明显,均达到了患者的期望。结论按照标准规范的正畸正颌联合诊治程序,应用双颌手术联合正畸治疗矫治骨性Ⅲ类下颌前突畸形患者,在临床上可取得一定的诊疗效果,不仅恢复了患者的咬关系和咀嚼功能,更改善了颜面外形和提高了生活质量。     

下颌升支矢状劈开术联合术后快速正畸矫治下颌前突畸形

目的：探讨应用下颌升支矢状劈开术联合术后快速正畸建[牙合]矫治下颌前突畸形方法的可行性及优缺点。方法：2000年1月～2005年12月,应用下颌升支矢状劈开术联合术后快速正畸建[牙合]共矫治43例下颌前突畸形患者,所有患者术前均未接受过正畸治疗。结果：43例患者通过下颌升支矢状劈开术后退下颌骨,联合术后快速正畸3～7个月,基本建立良好咬合关系,恢复正常咬合功能。随访6个月～3年,效果稳定。结论：下颌前突畸形采用下颌升支矢状劈开术联合术后快速正畸,不但能够显著地改善颌骨畸形,而且可以快速建立正常咬合关系。     

下颌升支矢状劈开联合下颌下缘骨切除术矫正骨性反合并下颌骨过宽过长畸形

目的:总结正颌外科矫治下颌前突畸形的临床体会。方法:对12例下颌前突畸形合并下颌骨过宽过长患者同期进行了下颌升支矢状劈开下颌前突矫正术及下颌下缘骨切除术。结果:经术后1～2年随诊观察,12例患者均取得满意疗效,获得协调的上下颌关系,面下份形态轮廓恢复良好。结论:下颌前突畸形合并下颌骨过宽过长患者同期行下颌升支矢状劈开下颌前突矫正术及下颌下缘骨切除术,配合术前、术后的正畸治疗,降低了术中意外和术后并发症,弥补了传统行SSRO的不足,使患者恢复咬合功能的同时充分改善面部形态轮廓,达到面部整形美学标准。     

计算机辅助模拟偏突颌患者颏部不对称与成形术的相关性研究

目的 应用计算机辅助外科模拟软件重建偏突颌畸患者的三维头颅模型,研究颏部不对称程度与矢状劈开截骨是否同期行水平向颏成形术之间的联系,得出水平向行颏成形术参考指标.方法 对40例偏突颌畸形患者行回顾性研究.A组20例行单颌矢状劈开截骨同期行水平向颏成形术;B组20例单纯行单颌矢状劈开截骨,根据患者术前的扫描数据,重建三维头颅模型,并确立下颌牙合平面：①测量双侧下颌第一磨牙颊沟相对上颌第一磨牙近中颊尖距并且计算其差值绝对值X.②将双侧颏结节、双侧下颌角点在下颌牙合平面进行投影,两侧颏结节投影点连线为L1,左侧颏结节投影点与左侧下颌角点投影点连线L2,右侧颏结节投影点与右侧下颌角点投影点连线L3,L1与L2成角度为∠α,L1与L3成角为∠β,计算∠α与∠β差值绝对值Y.将数据导入SPSS13.0软件,分析X、Y两者之间的关系;将Y与偏突颌患者单颌矢状劈开截骨是否同期行水平向颏成形手术关联性,进行统计学分析.结果 X与Y存在线性正相关,直线回归方程为：Y= 1.15＋0.88X;Y〉（5.39±0.68）°时,偏突颌患者行SSRO术须同期行水平向颏成形手术.结论 偏突颌患者颏结节于下颌牙合平面投影点连线,分别与左右两侧颏结节投影点和下颌角点投影点连线所成夹角的差值绝对值〉（5.39±0.68）°时,行矢状劈开截骨术时须同期行水平向颏成形术.     

Posterior vertical deficiencies of the mandible: presentation of a new corrective technique and retrospective study of 21 cases.

PURPOSE: The hyperdivergent (high-angle forms of Class II) dentoskeletal deformities are difficult entities to treat. The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate the use of a new surgical procedure to lower the posterior portion of the occlusal plane during a sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus, to correct a Class II malocclusion resulting from insufficient development of the mandibular ramus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During a sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus, the pterygomasseteric sling was completely incised in 21 patients, to treat Class II malocclusion with vertical ramus deficiency. The patients were evaluated clinically, radiologically, and cephalometrically. RESULTS: In all cases, the posterior occlusal plane was successfully lowered, with stable occlusal results, both vertically and sagittally. An increase in the vertical dimension of the ramus remains somewhat more difficult to document. CONCLUSIONS: Sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus with complete incision of the pterygomasseteric sling makes it possible to lower the posterior occlusal plane in cases of posterior vertical mandibular deficiency. This technique, which offers a nonexternal approach, represents a useful additional option for the treatment of these dysmorphoses.     

Evaluation of intraoral verticosagittal ramus osteotomy for correction of mandibular prognathism: a 10-year study.

PURPOSE: To identify intraoperative complications, neurosensory disturbance (NSD), and horizontal relapse after surgical correction of mandibular prognathism using bilateral intraoral verticosagittal ramus osteotomy (IVSRO). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1995 and 2005, 237 Iranian patients underwent IVSRO to achieve mandibular setback. Their operation reports, cephalometric radiographs (2 weeks preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively), and neurosensory questionnaires were assessed to identify intraoperative complications, NSD of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), and horizontal relapse. RESULTS: Intraoperative complications occurred in 26 cases (11%). A total of 17 patients (7.2%) reported NSD of the IAN. The mean surgical setback was 7.99 mm at the B point, and the mean horizontal relapse was 2.16 mm at the B point (after 1 year). CONCLUSIONS: Considering our findings, the benefits of the IVSRO technique (eg, good contact between the 2 parts of the osteotomy, capacity for rigid fixation, low incidence of IAN injury) demonstrate that this technique can easily replace the intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy technique to treat mandibular prognathism and is a viable alternative to the sagittal split osteotomy technique to provide mandibular setback.     

Is there any difference in the condylar position and angulation after asymmetric mandibular setback?

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to compare the condylar position and angulation on 3-dimensional (3D) views between greater setback side (GSS) and lesser setback side (LSS) after asymmetric mandibular setback (AMS) using computed tomography. STUDY DESIGN: The sample consisted of 12 Korean skeletal class III malocclusion patients with mandibular prognathism and facial asymmetry, who underwent sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) with rigid fixation. Tomographs were taken 1 month before (T1) and 6 months after surgery (T2). Position and angulation of the condyles were measured. RESULTS: At T1 stage, the condylar head in GSS showed more forward inclination on the sagittal view (P < .05) than that of LSS. Although there were significant inward and backward rotations of the condylar head in GSS (P < .01) and significant backward rotation in LSS at T2 stage (P < .05), 3D positions of the condyle in GSS and LSS were not changed after AMS. CONCLUSION: SSRO might be effective to stabilize the condylar position for AMS.     

Condylar positioning in sagittal split ramus osteotomy by the triangle method

BACKGROUND: Several methods for maintaining the preoperative condyle position after mandibular ramus surgery have been suggested. But when applied, those have been proven to be uncomfortable and less practical; hence, maintaining preoperative condyle position has mainly relied on the operator's personal experience. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We developed a new technique on the basis of the triangle's principle (namely the triangle method) for positioning of the condyle and applied it to 72 patients with sagittal split ramus osteotomy. We followed them for an average of 24.4 months. RESULTS: None of the patients who were operated on using the triangle method had postoperative temporomandibular joint problems or relapses related to inappropriate temporomandibular joint position. CONCLUSION: The triangle method for condylar positioning in the mandibular ramus osteotomy is a simple, reliable, cheap, and easy-to-learn tool for condylar positioning.     

Bilateral vertical-oblique osteotomy of ramus (external approach) for treatment of a long-standing dislocation of the temporomandibular joint: A case report.

A case of long-standing, bilateral dislocation of the temporomandibular joint characterized by anterior open bite, and an inability to close the mouth is reported. A number of conventional modalities were tried unsuccessfully to reduce the dislocated condyle. Subsequently, the patient was successfully treated with bilateral vertical-oblique osteotomy of ramus (external approach) without using internal fixation. This modality resulted in achieving occlusion and a good range of mandibular movement postoperatively.     

Changes in the temporomandibular joint after mandibular setback surgery in monkeys: intraoral vertical versus sagittal split ramus osteotomy.

OBJECTIVE: This study was to investigate the changes in condylar position and structure of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) after mandibular setback using 2 forms of the ramus osteotomy. STUDY DESIGN: Twelve adult male rhesus monkeys were randomly divided into groups A (n = 6) and B (n = 6) for mandibular setback surgical procedure. An intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) was performed in group A, whereas a sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) was performed in group B. Changes in condylar position were quantified by computed tomography (CT) preoperatively and postoperatively. All animals in groups A and B were killed at 12 weeks after surgical procedure. The TMJ specimens were harvested and processed for histological examination. RESULTS: In group A, the CT examinations showed a significant anteroinferior displacement of the condyle after surgical procedure. In group B, slight posterior displacement and lateral tilting of the condyle were noted after surgical procedure. Thickened cartilage layer and endochondral ossification were seen in the condyles of group A, but only minimal alteration in articular cartilage was found in group B. CONCLUSIONS: Both SSRO and IVRO can be biologically sound procedures for correction of mandibular prognathism. Intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy procedure leads to condylar adaptive remodeling, which may have favorable effects on TMJ, and it could be considered as a preferred surgical treatment for those patients with preoperative TMJ disorders.     

The influence of the sagittal split osteotomy on the condylar cartilage structure and the subchondral vascularization of the temporomandibular joint: a preliminary study in goats.

OBJECTIVE: The concern that a sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus could compromise the subchondral vascularization and especially the venous outflow in the condylar area, which in turn could influence the structure of the condylar cartilage, prompted this preliminary study on goats. STUDY DESIGN: A sagittal split osteotomy was performed in the mandibular ramus at 1 side in each of 6 young adult goats. The contralateral side served as control. The animals were killed after different postoperative periods, ranging from 1 to 15 days. Histomorphometric analyses were performed after perfusion of the vascular system with India ink. CONCLUSION: Based on the observed cartilage thickening, the sagittal split osteotomy may influence the condylar cartilage in the first days postoperatively through a disturbance of the vascular supply.