废弃EPS泡沫餐具回收利用的实验研究

根据废弃EPS泡沫快餐盒回收及其回收料对LDPE改性实验研究的结果，论述了EPS泡沫餐具的回收利用技术及应用前景。     

废弃地膜的回收和应用

利用废弃塑料,通过科学的技术清洗、造粒并结合废弃塑料的性能特点生产土工膜。其结果表明:利用废弃塑料加工的土工膜物理机械性能达到了标准要求。     

废弃PP、PE、PS和PVC塑料制品的热降解动力学研究

选择聚丙烯(PP)外卖快餐盒、聚乙烯(PE)保鲜膜、聚苯乙烯(PS)拌面盒、聚氯乙烯(PVC)塑料桌布四种废弃塑料制品为研究对象,利用热重法进行热降解动力学研究,并用Kissinger法和Friedman法计算动力学参数值.结果显示:四种废弃塑料制品的起始降解温度均随升温速率的增加而变大,PE的起始降解温度最高,热稳定...     

一次性快餐盒专用PP树脂的开发

采用在造粒装置中加入过氧化物的方法控制产品的熔体流动速率(MFR),解决生产中出现的切粒困难、制品易变形及颜色变化等问题,开发出MFR为53~56 g/10 min的一次性快餐盒专用高流动性薄壁注塑级聚丙烯(PP)树脂S980。产品灰分小于或等于0.045%,弯曲模量大于或等于1 500 MPa,拉伸屈服应力大于或等于35MPa,等规指数大于96%。     

“白色污染”克星——“矿化全降解塑料”

世界领先的环保高科技项目———“矿化全降解塑料” ,经重庆龙人环保科技公司多年中试生产 ,现正式对外推广转让。用该材料制成的全降解农地膜、塑料袋、快餐盒等使用废弃后可快速分解 ,释放出二氧化碳和水 ,降解率 1 0 0 % ,降解时间可调 ,可彻底消除“白色污染”。国家知识     

光-生物降解PP快餐盒生产技术通过鉴定

由福州兴创轻工机械技术开发有限公司开发的光-生物降解PP快餐盒生产技术，近日通过国家塑料检测中心鉴定。采用该技术可生产以谷壳、玉米秆、稻草等为原料的快餐盒，光-生物降解PP快餐盒，淀粉型生物降解快餐盒，添加无机物通用型快餐盒等。 (塑市)     

快速薄壁注塑聚丙烯色粒超标产生原因分析

快速薄壁注塑聚丙烯主要用于一次性快餐盒、包装盒的生产。文章阐述了三井油化工艺聚丙烯装置生产的快速薄壁注塑聚丙烯出现"色粒"超标的原因进行分析,并提出成核剂改型的方案。通过在造粒成型过程中加工条件的对比测试分析以及树脂助剂配方的对比测试分析,发现S980生产过程中产生色粒的主要原因是由于助剂当中成核剂68L与硬脂酸钙以及树脂中的氯离子进行化学反应形成黑色物质导致树脂产生色粒。     

废弃泡沫塑料未来将会大有可为

正废弃泡沫塑料密度低、体积大,往往进不了可回收物垃圾桶,最终只有焚烧这一条出路。然而在上海市奉贤区,废弃泡沫塑料正变得"宝贝"起来。社区居民眼中这种不值钱的垃圾,经过分拣、造粒、加工,竟摇身一变,成了国外市场供不应求的装饰用品和工艺品,"身价"最高逼近2万元/吨,足足增长了十几倍。     

可降解塑料快餐盒生产项目投产

广州市第一家生产可降解塑料快餐盒的工厂———金东方环保生产用品厂最近投产。该厂的可降解塑料快餐盒是在塑料原料中加入淀粉及光降解添加剂 ,在自然环境中很快分解。经广东省微生物研究所对可降解快餐用具进行降解试验 ,第 7天霉菌生成面积已占样本面积的 6 0 %以上 ,微生物降解效果理想。据悉 ,这种可降解塑料快餐盒的售价每只仅比塑料饭盒贵 4～ 5分钱。广州市正在制定推广使用这种环保产品可降解塑料快餐盒生产项目投产$湖南省塑料研究所@蒋秀珍     

年产1500吨聚芳醚酮的生产与加工项目

正本项目位于辽宁省盘锦市辽东湾新区盘锦辽东湾新区石化及精细化工产业园区内,由盘锦伟英兴高性能材料有限公司投资建设,新建1500吨/年聚芳醚酮项目,包括聚合装置3套,精制装置18套,粉末和造粒装置各一套,污水装置一套,脱盐装置一套,废弃处理装置两套。主要建设:聚合车间,精制车间,粉末造粒车间,原料库,产品库,固废库,设备间,公用工程厂房,控制中心,维修中心,罐区,消防水池和污水     

超临界CO_2发泡聚苯乙烯工艺研究

以超临界CO_2为发泡剂,采用釜压法在不同发泡工艺条件下制备了聚苯乙烯(PS)发泡试样,通过扫描电子显微镜对PS发泡试样的泡孔形貌进行了表征,探讨了不同发泡工艺对PS发泡试样发泡性能的影响。结果表明,随发泡温度的升高,PS发泡试样泡孔尺寸增大,泡孔密度下降,而泡沫密度呈现先降低后升高的趋势,发泡倍率与此相反;增大保压时间和保压压力,可提高试样的发泡效果。当发泡温度为136℃,保压压力为20 MPa,保压时间为4 h时,PS发泡试样的发泡效果最好,其泡沫密度为0.043 g/cm~3,发泡倍率为24.4,泡孔尺寸为59.8μm,泡孔密度为6.20×107个/cm~3。     

黏度对水发泡聚苯乙烯发泡性能的影响

采用水作为物理发泡剂,对聚苯乙烯(PS)进行挤出发泡。研究了低温PS水发泡的流变性能,并研究了黏度对PS发泡制品性能的影响。结果表明:水会影响PS在发泡加工过程中的黏度;在低温情况下,水发泡后的PS仍然具有流动性;其黏度随剪切速率的增大而减小,在相同的剪切速率下,温度越高黏度越低。当模头温度为140℃、螺杆转速为15r/min时,可制备出表面光滑、泡孔细密均匀、质轻的PS水发泡制品。     

Cell structure and impact properties of foamed polystyrene in constrained conditions using supercritical carbon dioxide

To obtain cellular with small cell diameter, to control cell structure and to improve impact strength of foaming materials, the quick-heating method was applied for foaming polystyrene (PS) using supercritical CO₂ (Sc-CO₂) as physical blowing agent. Then, changes of cell structure and impact strength in microcellular foamed PS materials under constrained conditions were studied. The effects of foaming processing parameters, such as foaming temperature, saturation pressure and foaming time on the cell structure and impact strength of foamed PS in the constrained conditions were studied. The results showed that the Sc-CO₂ solubility and nucleation density in the constrained conditions were not influenced compared with those under free foaming conditions. However, cells in constrained foaming process are mostly circular and independent with thick cell walls; the phenomenon of cell coalescence and collapse was effectively eliminated under constrained conditions. In addition, cell diameters in constrained foaming process decrease with increase in foaming temperature and increase with increase in the foaming time. Compared with that in free foaming conditions, the cell growth was restrained dramatically under constrained conditions which resulted in smaller cell diameter. Moreover, higher impact strength could be obtained for foamed PS as foaming time was prolonged, foaming temperature was increased or saturation pressure was enhanced.     

CO_2微孔发泡聚碳酸酯/聚苯乙烯

采用快速升温法,在相对较低的压力下制备聚碳酸酯(PC)/聚苯乙烯(PS)共混物的微孔发泡材料.获得的PC/PS共混物发泡材料的平均泡孔直径为4.3μm,泡孔密度为8.89 × 10~9个/cm~3,而在相同条件下制得的PC和PS发泡材料的平均泡孔直径分别为28.6μm和143.8 0μm,泡孔密度分别为2.23×10~7个/cm~3和3.6×10~5个/cm~3.并研究PC、PS和PC/PS共混物的CO_2吸附行为以及PC/PS共混物在不同温度下的泡孔形态,发现泡孔首先在PS相中成核并生长.     

Mesoporous silica particles grafted with polystyrene brushes as a nucleation agent for polystyrene supercritical carbon dioxide foaming

In this study, spherical ordered mesoporous silica (s‐OMS) was applied as a new type of nucleating agent in polystyrene (PS) foaming with supercritical CO₂ as a blowing agent. These s‐OMS particles were modified by the selective grafting of PS brushes on the outside surface, by which the mesoporous structure inside particles could be maintained. Transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis were used to characterize the structure of the original and modified particles; these indicated that the PS brushes were grafted on the outside surface and the inside porous structure were maintained. PS/s‐OMS–PS composites were prepared by a solution blending method, and the s‐OMS–PS particles could have been well dispersed in the PS matrix because of the surface modification. Subsequently, PS and composite microcellular foams were prepared by a batch foaming process, and the morphology characterization on these foams showed that the s‐OMS particles exhibited an excellent heterogeneous effect on PS foaming. The heterogeneous effect became more significant when the foaming temperature or saturation pressure was low. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4308–4317, 2013     

超临界CO2制备NaCl/PS微孔泡沫复合材料

利用超临界流体发泡技术制备了氯化钠(NaCl)颗粒填充聚苯乙烯(PS)的微孔泡沫复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了材料的断面形态,并分析了氯化钠的粒径、含量及超临界CO2的饱和温度对微孔泡沫复合材料的泡孔形态的影响。结果表明:含有NaCl颗粒的微孔PS泡沫与纯PS泡沫在泡孔的形状和泡孔的尺寸等方面有所不同,纯PS微孔泡沫材料的泡孔分布较均匀、形状呈椭圆形,而添加了NaCl的PS微孔泡沫出现了大、小泡孔并存的泡孔结构。     

低密度聚苯乙烯仿木线材挤出发泡研究

结合聚苯乙烯（PS）化学自由挤出发泡工艺,探讨了合成级新料与再生原料树脂的特性对发泡效果和发泡制品冲击性能的影响;比较了放热型改性AC发泡剂、吸热型改性NaHCO3放热吸热复合发泡剂对再生料PS发泡制品的密度、泡孔结构、气孔均匀度的影响;探究了不同发泡剂对发泡制品芯层泡孔结构的影响。结果表明,发泡剂含量为1 %时,采用AC发泡剂和复合发泡剂的发泡制品的密度分别为0.47 g/cm3和0.39 g/cm3。     

Investigation of the nanocellular foaming of polystyrene in supercritical CO2 by adding a CO2‐philic perfluorinated block copolymer

Nanocellular foaming of polystyrene (PS) and a polystyrene copolymer (PS‐b‐PFDA) with fluorinated block (1,1,2,2‐tetrahydroperfluorodecyl acrylate block, PFDA) was studied in supercritical CO₂ (scCO₂) via a one‐step foaming batch process. Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) was used to synthesize all the polymers. Neat PS and PS‐b‐PFDA copolymer samples were produced by extrusion and solid thick plaques were shaped in a hot‐press, and then subsequently foamed in a single‐step foaming process using scCO₂ to analyze the effect of the addition of the fluorinated block copolymer in the foaming behaviour of neat PS. Samples were saturated under high pressures of CO₂ (30 MPa) at low temperatures (e.g., 0°C) followed by a depressurization at a rate of 5 MPa/min. Foamed materials of neat PS and PS‐b‐PFDA copolymer were produced in the same conditions showing that the presence of high CO₂‐philic perfluoro blocks, in the form of submicrometric separated domains in the PS matrix, acts as nucleating agents during the foaming process. The preponderance of the fluorinated blocks in the foaming behavior is evidenced, leading to PS‐b‐PFDA nanocellular foams with cell sizes in the order of 100 nm, and bulk densities about 0.7 g/cm³. The use of fluorinated blocks improve drastically the foam morphology, leading to ultramicro cellular and possibly nanocellular foams with a great homogeneity of the porous structure directly related to the dispersion of highly CO₂‐philic fluorinated blocks in the PS matrix. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

发泡母粒对ABS发泡材料泡孔结构及力学性能的影响

采用化学注塑发泡制备了丙烯腈–丁二烯–苯乙烯(ABS)发泡材料,研究发泡剂母粒载体分别为高抗冲聚苯乙烯(PS–HI),PS–HI+苯乙烯–丁二烯–苯乙烯塑料(SBS),SBS,ABS及聚烯烃弹性体(POE)时发泡剂母粒对ABS泡孔结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明,发泡母粒载体对ABS发泡试样的泡孔结构及力学性能具有较大的影响,以POE为发泡母粒载体所制得的ABS发泡样品的泡孔结构、力学性能较好。其泡孔平均直径为18.5μm,泡孔密度为4.183×107个／cm3,冲击强度为11.7 kJ／m2,拉伸强度为30.8 MPa。     

振动作用对PS和PVC微孔塑料泡孔结构影响的研究

以超临界CO2为发泡剂，用动态发泡实验装置制备了PS和PVC微孔塑料，通过扫描电镜照片观察和研究了振动作用对PS和PVC微孔塑料泡孔结构的影响。结果表明，当剪切速率较低时，在PS发泡过程中施加较弱的振动作用即可显著提高泡孔密度，减小泡孔直径；而在PVC发泡过程中，只有施加相对较强的振动作用才能达到同样的效果。当剪切速率较高时，不论何种发泡体系，施加较弱的振动作用可以改善泡孔的形态；而施加较强的振动作用可能会产生较大的剪切热和脉动剪切应力，从而破坏泡沫的微孔结构。