经皮股动脉穿刺介入术治疗后合并症假性股动脉瘤的凝血酶治疗

目的　探讨瘤腔内注射凝血酶治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤的安全性和可行性。方法2 0 0 0年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 6月 ,冠状动脉介入诊疗术后发生股动脉假性动脉瘤 12例 (男 9例、女 3例 ) ,年龄 38～ 75岁 ,平均 (6 4 9± 11 3)岁。造影术后发生 3例 ,支架置入术后发生 9例 ,均在超声定位下采用瘤腔内注射凝血酶的方法治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤 ,所有病例均在治疗后 2 4h复查超声。结果10例患者一次性瘤腔内注射凝血酶 5 0 0U即刻闭合瘤腔 ,1例在注射凝血酶 10 0 0U后 1min内瘤腔闭合 ,1例注射凝血酶 5 0 0U后动脉与瘤腔通道之间血流明显减弱 ,在超声引导压迫下 5min闭合。凝血酶治疗假性动脉瘤成功率为 10 0 %。无肢体栓塞、过敏反应等并发症发生 ,所有病例 2 4h后复查无复发。结论注射凝血酶治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤是一种简单、安全、快速、耐受好和有效的无创方法 ,可作为临床治疗假性动脉瘤的首选方法。     

超声引导下凝血酶注射治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤36例

目的探讨超声引导下凝血酶注射（UGTD治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤（PSA）的安全性和可行性。方法2000年1月至2007年2月，对36例经皮股动脉路径行冠状动脉介入诊疗术后发生的股动脉PSA进行了UGTI，其中男21例，女15例，年龄34482（63．5±10．8）岁。造影术后发生11例，支架置入术后发生25例。凝血酶注射成功后平卧4～6h，所有病例均在治疗后1～3d复查超声，30d临床随访。结果36例患者，单囊腔PSA32个，复合囊腔PSA4个（≥2个腔），瘤腔平均为（2．98±1．30）cm×（1．84±0．75）cm，凝血酶注射剂量为250～1000（644．29±239．10）U，34例患者1次UGTI即刻闭合瘤腔，2例注射凝血酶500U后动脉与瘤腔通道血流明显减弱，在超声引导压迫下5min闭合。UGTI治疗PSA成功率为94．4％0（34／36）。1例注射凝血酶1000U后虽然瘤腔闭合，但股浅动脉内血栓形成，行外科手术治疗。1例注射凝血酶500U后瘤腔闭合，但2min后出现寒颤、高热过敏反应，对症处理后好转。术后1d复发2例，1例超声引导压迫后瘤腔闭合，另1例再次注射凝血酶1000U成功闭合，30d临床随访无复发，UGTI治疗PSA复发率为5．6％（2／36）。结论UGTI治疗股动脉PSA是一简单、安全、快速、耐受好的方法，可作为临床治疗PSA的首选方法。     

瘤腔内注射凝血酶治疗假性动脉瘤

目的　探讨瘤腔内注射凝血酶治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤的安全性和可行性。方法　 2 0 0 0年 1月至 2 0 0 1年 10月 ,冠状动脉介入诊疗术后发生股动脉假性动脉瘤 5例 ,其中男性 3例 ,女性 2例 ,年龄 38～ 72岁 ;发生于造影术后 2例 ,发生于支架置入术后 3例 ,此 5例均在超声定位下采用瘤腔内注射凝血酶的方法治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤 ,所有病例均在治疗后 2 4h复查超声。结果　 4例患者一次性瘤腔内注射凝血酶 5 0 0U后即刻闭合瘤腔 ,1例注射凝血酶 5 0 0U后动脉与瘤腔通道血流明显减弱 ,在超声引导压迫下 5min后闭合。无肢体栓塞、过敏反应等发生 ,所有病例 2 4h后复查无复发。结论　瘤腔内注射凝血酶是一种简单、安全、快速、有效的治疗假性动脉瘤的无创方法 ,可作为临床治疗假性动脉瘤的首选方法。     

Treatment of iatrogenic femoral pseudoaneurysm by ultrasound-guided compression therapy and thrombin injection

Development of an arterial pseudoaneurysm is a common complication following cardiac catheterization. We analyzed data from 6,300 patients who received left heart catheterization at our institution. One day after the procedure, approximately 10% of the patients were examined with duplex sonography. In 204 patients (3.0%), a pseudoaneurysm of the femoral artery was diagnosed. All patients underwent compression therapy. Thereby, 159 of the pseudoaneurysms could be treated successfully. The remaining 45 pseudoaneurysms had a maximal diameter of more than 1.5 cm. Forty-two patients underwent ultrasound and biopsy-line-guided thrombin injection without complications. This strategy resulted in a successful occlusion in 41 cases. Pseudoaneurysms smaller than 2 cm can be treated with compression therapy. Larger pseudoaneurysms can be occluded by thrombin injection using ultrasound guidance. Patients with a pseudoaneurysm with a wide "neck" should be treated surgically, because the risk of an arterial occlusion following thrombin injection cannot be excluded.     

Sonographically guided thrombin injection for the treatment of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm

The formation of pseudoaneurysm in the femoral artery after cardiac catheterization is a well-recognized complication occurring in 1%-4% of cases. It is traditionally managed surgically and has a high morbidity. Prolonged ultrasound-guided compression of the neck of the pseudoaneurysm, and ultrasound-guided injection of thrombin into the aneurysm are newer modalities of treatment especially for small aneurysms. We describe the case of a giant pseudoaneurysm of the right femoral artery, post-arteriography, which was successfully managed with ultrasonographically guided percutaneous thrombin injection.     

Percutaneous thrombin injection for treatment of iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysms: a case for caution

The case of a patient who developed a femoral artery pseudoaneurysm following cardiac catheterization is described. After 2 failed attempts of ultrasound-guided compression repair, the patient underwent percutaneous thrombin injection with, beside of complete closure of the pseudoaneurysm, a severe limb ischemia due to distal thrombin migration with consecutive clot formation finally resulting in thigh amputation of the affected leg. Indications, advantages, and disadvantages of various options for the treatment of iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysms (vascular surgery, ultrasound-guided compression, percutaneous thrombin injection, and other nonsurgical treatment modalities), as well as risk factors for distal migration of liquid thrombin after percutaneous injection, are discussed in this report.     

超声引导下凝血酶栓塞法治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤的疗效分析

目的探讨瘤腔内注射凝血酶治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤的疗效和安全性。方法78例股动脉假性动脉瘤的患者分别首选床边指压法（50例）和凝血酶注射法（28例）治疗。所有患者均使用GE LOGIQ9彩色多普勒超声仪确诊,凝血酶注射法组在超声引导下进行瘤腔内注射凝血酶栓塞治疗。结果指压法组50例患者中41例通过持续手指压迫治疗有效消除血管杂音和动脉瘤搏动,6例出现迷走神经反射,4例因不耐受再次压迫改用彩色多普勒引导下凝血酶注射法治愈,5例股动脉压迫治疗无效后改用凝血酶注射法治疗。凝血酶注射法组28例首选超声引导下瘤腔内注射凝血酶栓塞治疗的患者全部治愈,其中25例一次栓塞成功,2例经两次栓塞成功,1例出现血管迷走性晕厥;12例患者注射凝血酶后有体温轻度升高,自行好转;无动脉栓塞及静脉血栓形成、无凝血酶过敏表现、感染、出血等并发症。结论与指压法比较,超声引导下瘤腔内注射凝血酶的治疗方法有效性显著提高而不耐受性显著降低,是一种安全有效的方法。     

Application of the percutaneuos thrombin injection in treatment of iatrogenic femoral pseudoaneurysms

Pseudoaneurysms are not a common complication of the endovascular procedures but can present a serious therapeutic problem. Both, the application of compression therapy and surgical operation can lead to the development of subsequent complications. The aim of this study was analysis of the treatment results of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms managed with percutaneous thrombin injection. Treated group consisted of 69 patients diagnosed with iatrogenic femoral pseudoaneurysms. The indication for injection technique was ineffective compression therapy as well as necrotic changes or bacterial skin infection in the groin area or a large diameter of pseudoanurysm's chambers. Thrombin was injected percutaneously during 1-3 sessions in the dose of 100-1200 U into the centre of the chamber under ultrasound control. Primary and secondary success rate was 88% and 94% respectively. The following factors significantly decreased effectiveness of the method: complex pseudoaneurysms (with treatment efficacy 82% and 88% respectively vs 90% and 96% for simple pseudoaneurysms), and large chamber volume. Early and late recanalization of the thrombotic changes appeared in 7% and 3% of treated cases. The most frequent complication was appearance of non-elastic tumor (71%) or pain (64%) in the groin area. The most serious complication was acute lower limb ischemia detected in one case (2%) as a result of femoral artery compression by the thrombosed pseudoaneurysm. Percutaneous thrombin injection should be a preferred method of pseudoaneurysms treatment, especially in cases of ineffective compression therapy or its contraindications due to low cost of the therapy, simplicity of the technique and relatively low percentage of the complications.     

Fatal complication after thrombin injection for post-catheterization femoral pseudoaneurysm

Femoral artery pseudoaneurysm (FAP) is one of the most common vascular complications after cardiac and peripheral angiographic procedures. Ultrasound-guided thrombin injection is the standard procedure for the treatment of FAP. Complications such as thrombotic events with leg ischemia after thrombin leakage into the femoral artery or immunogenic consequences are rare. Our experience indicates the need for caution when treating FAP, as severe complications can occur after thrombin injection in a femoral pseudoaneurysm, leading to a fatal event.     

超声引导下不同剂量凝血酶封闭治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的临床观察

目的:探讨超声引导下不同剂量凝血酶注射在医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤治疗中的有效性和安全性。方法:将我院2000年6月至2016年6月间,26例医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤患者随机分为两组,在超声引导下瘤腔内注射凝血酶,观察组13例注射凝血酶200~500U,对照组13例注射凝血酶500~1 000U。结果:观察组和对照组患者特征、注射凝血酶次数、治疗时间、成功率差异无统计学意义,对照组发生1例股浅动脉栓塞,1例足背动脉栓塞,观察组无不良反应发生。结论:超声引导下凝血酶注射治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤,小剂量同样有效,而且可能会降低不良反应的发生。     

Treatment of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm with percutaneous thrombin injection.

Pseudoaneurysm formation of the femoral artery is a well-known complication following catheter-based vascular procedures. Ultrasound-guided compression or surgical correction are commonly used for its repair. We describe a new method of treatment for femoral pseudoaneurysm. The pseudoaneurysm is visualized by contralateral angiography and thrombosed with a percutaneous thrombin injection while the distal vessel is isolated with a brief balloon inflation. Fluoroscopically guided percutaneous thrombin injection is a promising, minimally invasive technique for the treatment of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm, especially in patients with compromised distal circulation.     

医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的诊治分析

目的:探讨医源性股动脉性假性动脉瘤(IFPA)的诊断和治疗方法。方法:近6年(2000年～2006年)我院IFPA18例,早期3年10例行局部压迫法和外科手术治疗方法:近期3年8例行超声引导下假腔内注射凝血酶法和局部压迫法。结果:早期单纯局部压迫法效果不好,仅有两例瘤体较小者获得成功,完全愈合,联合外科手术治疗的8例均完全愈合,但病人痛苦大,医疗费用明显增加;近期8例凝血酶法完全愈合,且方法简单、病人痛苦小、医疗费用低。结论:医源性股动脉性假性动脉瘤内科凝血酶法比外科手术法具有简单、快速、安全、耐受性好和医疗费用低廉的优势,值得进一步推广应用。     

超声引导下注射凝血酶治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤3例

假性动脉瘤是导管介入治疗后常见的局部并发症之一,我们对3例治疗效果不佳的股动脉假性动脉瘤进行了凝血酶注射治疗,效果满意,现报道如下.     

超声引导下注射凝血酶对医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的治疗

目的探讨超声引导下注射凝血酶治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤(PA)的应用价值。方法使用22G细针穿刺,对8例医源性股动脉PA患者进行超声引导下瘤内注射凝血酶治疗,用二维超声及彩色多普勒观察瘤体内血栓形成情况,每次注入凝血酶100IU,凝血酶总用量不超过500IU,直至血栓形成。结果8例患者均经一次性治疗成功,凝血酶用量100~500IU,血栓形成时间0.5~1.5min,无一例出现血管内血栓形成、感染、过敏等并发症。结论超声引导凝血酶注射治疗股动脉PA安全有效,可作为经股动脉途径介入诊疗术所致医源性PA的首选治疗。     

超声引导下凝血酶注射治疗假性动脉瘤的价值

目的：探讨在经皮超声引导下注射凝血酶（UGTI）治疗假性动脉瘤的应用价值。方法：对于27例介入术后股动脉假性动脉瘤（PsA）,采用彩超引导下假腔内注射凝血酶致栓塞治疗,观察疗效,血栓形成时间和凝血酶的用量。并在治疗后10min、1d、5d、15d复查彩超。结果：瘤内血栓形成迅速,时间为2～4min,凝血酶用量为（350±150）IU（250IU／m1）;治愈率100％。患者均系一次治疗成功,无过敏反应等并发症发生。27例患者术后随访,均无复发。结论：超声引导下凝血酶注射治疗具有创伤小,操作简便,疗效确切的优点,可作为经股动脉介入治疗术后形成的假性动脉瘤的首选治疗方法。