纳米SiC陶瓷的超高压烧结研究(英文)

以纳米SiC为原料,用两面项压机在不同工艺条件下(1 000～1 300℃,4.0～4.5 GPa,15～35 min)实现了40(质量分数,下同)Al2O3烧结助剂添加的SiC陶瓷体的烧结.研究了烧结工艺对SiC陶瓷性能的影响.用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、显微硬度测试仪等对SiC高压烧结体进行了表征.结果表明:Al2O3是有效的低温烧结助剂,在超高压工艺下添加4%Al2O3即可实现SiC陶瓷全致密化烧结;烧结体晶粒长大得到抑制,维持在纳米级,晶格常数收缩了约0.45%;烧结体显微硬度和密度随烧结温度、烧结压力的升高或保温时间的延长而提高.     

无烧结助剂SiC陶瓷的高压烧结研究

以纳米SiC为原料,用两面顶压机在不同工艺条件下(1100-1300℃,4.0-4.5GPa,20-35min)实现了无烧结助剂添加的SiC陶瓷体的烧结.研究了烧结工艺对SiC陶瓷性能的影响.用XRD、SEM、显微硬度测试仪等对SiC高压烧结体进行了表征.结果表明:采用超高压工艺可实现无烧结助剂SiC陶瓷高致密化烧结;烧结体晶粒长大得到抑制,维持在纳米级,晶格常数收缩发生了收缩;烧结体显微硬度和密度随烧结温度、烧结压力、保温时间的升高或延长而提高.在4.5GPa/1250℃/35min的超高压烧结条件下烧结的无烧结助剂SiC致密度达到96%,且显微硬度达到Hv1.96 3850.     

无压烧结制备表面微孔碳化硅陶瓷

以碳化硅（SiC）微粉为骨料,Al2O3-Y2O3为烧结助剂,氯化钙（CaCl2）作为造孔剂,采用无压液相烧结制备了表面微孔SiC陶瓷,分析了不同CaCl2含量对SiC陶瓷的烧结性能、显微结构和摩擦性能的影响。结果表明：加CaCl2会降低SiC陶瓷的体积密度、硬度和抗弯强度;可以有效地细化SiC陶瓷晶粒;能在SiC陶瓷...     

硅锭线切割回收料制备SiC多孔陶瓷的研究

以硅锭线切割回收料为主要原料、Al2O3为烧结助剂、石墨粉为造孔剂.用普通烧结工艺制备了SiC多孔陶瓷.着重研究了Al2O3添加量对SiC多孔陶瓷的形貌、热膨胀系数、气孔率以及力学性能的影响.结果表明:当Al2O3和石墨添加量分别为30wt%和10wt%,在1450℃温度下烧成的多孔陶瓷的气孔率高达42.21%、弯强度达到30.5Mpa、热膨胀系数为6.64×10-6K-1,可以满足在熔融金属过滤等方面的应用.     

Al_2O_3–SiC复相陶瓷的摩擦磨损特性

用真空热压工艺制备了Al2O3-SiC复相陶瓷.对热压烧结的纯Al2O3以及Al2O3-SiC复相陶瓷进行了摩擦磨损实验,研究了SiC添加量对复 相陶瓷摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明:在压力为25 MPa,1635℃热压烧结1h,当SiC的质量含量为5%时,Al2O3-SiC复相陶瓷的耐磨性最佳,虽摩擦系数最大(0.61,Al2O3则为0.46),但磨损率(WR)仪为5×10-4mm3/(N·m).Al2O3-SiC复合材料的磨损机理为脆性断裂引起的磨粒磨损,材料的 WR与断裂韧性(KIc)和Vickers硬度(Hv)的乘积(KIc1/2HV5/8)成反比.     

凝胶注模SiC陶瓷的烧结特性

以Al2O3/Y2O3为烧结助剂,对凝胶注模SiC陶瓷进行了研究。讨论了埋粉组成和烧结温度对SiC陶瓷的烧成质量损失、线收缩、密度以及相组成的影响。当埋粉组成为SiC/Al2O3/Y2O3,在1950℃氮气氛中烧结1h时,制备了98%理论密度的SiC陶瓷。与传统的干压成型方法相比,凝胶注模成型工艺制备的SiC陶瓷坯体具有更高的烧成质量损失。     

烧结助剂添加量对微波烧结3Y-TZP/Al2O3复相陶瓷性能的影响

本文分别以TiO2和MgO纳米粉体为烧结助剂,采用微波烧结技术制备了3Y-TZP/Al2O3复相陶瓷.研究了烧结助剂含量对材料相组成、致密化及力学性能的影响,通过XRD分析了复相陶瓷中t-ZrO2相的相对量变化,并采用SEM观察了弯曲断裂断口形貌.结果表明:随烧结助剂添加量的增加,微波烧结复相陶瓷的致密度、硬度和弯曲强度均有所增加,均优于传统烧结性能,陶瓷颗粒更细.烧结助剂添加量为0.2wt％ MgO、0.4wt％ TiO2,在1300℃微波烧结30 min时试样的致密度为98.1％,显微硬度和抗弯强度分别达18.9 GPa和626 MPa.     

CaCO_3掺杂下原位反应制备SiC/莫来石复相多孔陶瓷的性能研究

以Al2O3粉末、SiC粉末为主要原料通过原位反应烧结技术,添加CaCO3为烧结助剂制备了SiC/莫来石复相多孔陶瓷,研究了不同CaCO3添加量对于SiC/莫来石复相多孔陶瓷的相组成、显微结构、抗弯强度、气孔率的影响,结果表明:通过添加CaCO3这一碱土金属化合物,不仅能够增强SiC颗粒间的颈部连接,同时研究表明当CaCO3含量为4%时,在1400℃下保温3h制备的样品综合性能最佳,其孔隙率为35.3%,抗弯强度达到51.9MPa。     

超高压成型与无压烧结制备细晶碳化硅陶瓷

借助两面顶超高压设备,通过冷等静压和超高压成型制备了相对致密度>60%的SiC陶瓷生体.在低压流动氮气保护下,无压烧结获得了晶粒尺寸在200 nm左右的高致密的SiC陶瓷.利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射对烧结体的断面形貌和相组分进行分析.结果表明:超高压处理能够提高坯体及烧结体的致密度,并有助于抑制晶粒的长大.添加12%烧结助剂[Al2O3(平均粒度约为80 nm)和Y2O3(平均粒度约为50 nm)],经4.5 GPa,6 min超高压成型的SiC样品,在1 850℃或1 900 ℃烧结0.5h后的相对密度分别达到95.3%和98.3%.这种样品的烧结致密化机制为Y3Al5O12液相烧结.     

纳米SiC增韧Al_2O_3陶瓷复合材料的制备、表征及力学性能研究

以SiC和Si微米粉为添加剂,采用无压烧结工艺制备了纳米SiC增韧的Al2O3陶瓷复合材料,探讨了SiC含量、烧结气氛和烧结温度对复合材料的烧成收缩率、微观形貌、抗弯强度、维氏硬度及断裂韧性的影响。结果显示：SiC的添加使复合材料的烧成收缩率下降,惰性气氛下复合材料的收缩率要大于氧化气氛和还原气氛时的收缩率。在氧化性气氛下烧结时,当SiC添加量为4%时,复合陶瓷的体积密度为3.80 g·cm^-3,抗弯强度、断裂韧性及维氏硬度均达到最大值,分别为480 MPa、5.12 MPa·m1/2、16.2 GPa。添加SiC后所得复合材料的基体颗粒为椭圆状,粒径为2μm左右,颗粒与颗粒之间结合紧密,颗粒形状的改变可能是因为烧结机理发生变化所致。纳米SiC颗粒位于晶界处,形成了由Al2O3-SiC-Al2O3搭桥联结的晶界,提高了晶界强度,导致裂纹只能在晶内传播。     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。