牛布鲁氏菌抗体ELISA试剂盒与国标血清学SAT试验在布病检测中的比较试验

采集的牛血清100份、羊血清250份,分别进行国标布病虎红平板凝集试验（RBn,在牛血清中检出13份布病阳性血清,羊均为阴性。对牛的13份阳性血清分别进行动物布病试管凝集试验（SAT）和牛布鲁氏菌抗体ELISA试验。经SAT试验结果为10份阳性,ELISA试验结果为13份阳性。结果表明牛布鲁氏菌抗体ELISA试剂盒快速...     

驻京某部队新兵结核潜伏感染人群筛查新方法研究

目的 了解2014年驻京某部队入伍新兵结核感染情况,同时对一种新的结核潜伏感染筛查方法进行评价.方法 194名入伍新兵,行胸部X线检查、结核菌素试验(PPD)、抗体检测,同时应用ELISA联合重组融合蛋白CFP10-ESAT6和潜伏感染蛋白Rv2628进行IGRA检测.结果 PPD皮肤试验和抗体检测的阳性率分别为49.7%和15.5%.CFP10-ESAT6刺激后γ干扰素释放试验(IGRA)检测发现194名新兵中潜伏感染率为22.2%.Rv2628刺激结核潜伏感染(latent tuberculosis infection,LTBI)人群后产生IFN-γ的水平显著高于健康对照(P<0.05),其刺激PPD弱阳性组(5 mm≤皮试直径<15 mm)产生的IFN-γ值显著高于强阳性组(皮试直径≥15 mm)(P<0.05),而CFP10-ESAT6刺激后产生的IFN-γ水平在这两组间差异不显著(P>0.05).CFP10-ESAT6和Rv2628刺激后产生的IFN-γ水平在抗体阴、阳性组间无显著性差异(P>0.05).Rv2628诊断结核感染的ROC曲线下面积为0.84,约登指数为0.621,此时特异度为94.7%,敏感度为67.4%.结论 联合检测抗原Rv2628及CFP10-ESAT6特异的IFN-γ值在鉴别结核活动或潜伏感染方面具有一定潜能和价值.     

结核性脑膜炎血清脑脊液结核抗体联合测定意义

结核性脑膜炎(以下称结脑)是最危险的肺外结核病之一.由于不典型病例增多,脑脊液的实验室检测十分重要.国内外一些资料已报道脑脊液中结核分支杆菌抗体检测,有助于结脑的诊断与鉴别诊断.自1999年以来,以PPD为抗原,采用ELISA法对28例结脑患者的血清、脑脊液中结核抗体联合测定,并同时测定肺结核11例,其他疾病(非结核病)12例血清、脑脊液中的结核抗体并作对比.     

抗分枝杆菌纯蛋白衍生物抗体特征的研究

 目的 调查不同人群血清抗10种分枝杆菌纯蛋白衍生物(PPD)抗体的特征.方法 采用ABC-ELISA法检测结核患者、健康体检者与OT阴性、强阳性新兵血清抗10种PPD抗体水平.结果 结核患者血清抗BCG和抗胞内分枝杆菌PPD抗体水平显著高于抗人型结核菌PPD抗体水平(P＜0.01);OT强阳性新兵血清抗非结核分枝杆菌PPD抗体水平显著高于OT阴性新兵和健康查体者(P＜0.01).结论 个体环境分枝杆菌接触史对结核患者体液免疫应答有重要影响.胞内PPD和BCG-PPD可用于结核病血清学诊断.     

结核T细胞酶联免疫斑点试验诊断结核感染的临床应用

 目的 探讨结核T细胞酶联免疫斑点试验(T-SPOT.TB)诊断结核感染的临床应用价值。方法 选择结核分枝杆菌感染者103例及非结核病对照者30例,用酶联免疫斑点试验检测外周血单个核细胞经结核特异性蛋白6KD早期分泌靶向抗原,以及培养滤液蛋白10刺激产生γ-干扰素的T淋巴细胞数,并与血清抗结核抗体、结核菌素皮肤试验结果比较。结果 T-SPOT.TB诊断结核感染的敏感性和特异性为95.15% 、93.33%;阳性预则值和阴性预测值为98.00%、84.85% ;阳性似然比和阴性似然比为14.27%、0.05%,均优于血清抗结核抗体、结核菌素皮肤试验(P<0.01),但方法间一致性较弱(Kappa＜0.40,P<0.001),差异有统计学意义。结论 T-SPOT.TB检测在结核分枝杆菌(MTB)感染的筛查,快速早期辅助结核病诊断和排除感染方面意义重大。     

结核分枝杆菌脂多糖抗原的提取及血清学诊断价值研究

 目的 建立结核分枝杆菌脂多糖的提取方法,评价其在结核病血清学诊断巾的价值,寻找更有效的结核病诊断试剂.方法 将火活的结核分枝杆菌经超声破碎,热酚法去除蛋白,乙醇沉淀去除DNA、RNA,透析得到结核分枝杆菌多糖.将其作为抗原,通过酶联免疫吸附试验( ELISA)方法 检测470例血清中抗结核抗体.结果 结核分枝杆菌脂多糖用于血清标本检测,敏感性为49.5％;特异性为93.5％,其巾健康对照组阳性率为5.2％,非结核对照组阳性率为10.3％.结论 结核分枝杆菌脂多糖抗原可作为结核病血清学诊断的组合抗原之一,提高阳性标本检出的阳性率和特异性.     

人巨细胞病毒糖蛋白B抗原表位在大肠杆菌中的表达

目的:利用大肠杆菌表达人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)糖蛋白B抗原表位AD1和AD2,对表达产物进行纯化,通过ELISA方法检测表达产物与感染HCMV的人血清之间的特异结合反应,探讨其用于临床检测的可行性. 方法:以HCMV病毒基因组为模板,PCR扩增AD1和AD2基因,构建重组表达载体pET32-NusA-AD1和pET32-NusA-AD2,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLysS中利用IPTG诱导表达,通过Ni柱亲和纯化获得NusA-AD1和NusA-AD2, ELISA方法检测NusA-AD1和NusA-AD2与感染HCMV的人血清之间的特异性结合反应.结果:可溶性表达并纯化得到融合抗原NusA-AD1和NusA-AD2.在8份已确定为HCMV IgG阳性人血清标本中,融合抗原NusA-AD1能够与5份血清发生反应,融合抗原NusA-AD2能够与6份血清反应.结论:NusA-AD1和NusA-AD2能够部分检测HCMV感染的人血清.     

酶联免疫法与金标法检测抗-HIV的比较

目的 观察ELISA(间接法、双抗原夹心法)快速诊断金标法(胶体金免疫分析技术)在检测抗-HIV中试剂质量比较,并分析其原因。方法 用2001年卫生部免疫检验室间质评HIV质控血清10份,其中6份为阳性血清(经Weet-Blot确诊),用两厂家生产的ELISA间接法、双抗原夹心法、金标法做比较。结果 两厂家生产的ELISA间接法一份阳性标本不能检出,但两厂家生产的ELISA双抗原夹心法和金标法阳性检出率为100％。结论 试剂的质量对保证大量的献血员、高危人群的HIV筛查工作至关重要。     

两种方法检测乙肝HBsAg效果对比

目的 :考察胶体金联免疫吸附与酶联免疫吸附试验的灵敏度与特异性。方法 :用乙肝表面抗原胶体金联免疫吸附试剂 (GCISA)和酶联免疫试剂 (ELISA)检测各种肝炎病人血清 90 9份 ,正常人血清 173份及乙肝表面抗原质控标准品。结果 :GCISA和ELISA分别检出 773和 770份阳性样品 ,总符合率为97 0 %。检测乙肝表面抗原质控标准品 ,GCISA的灵敏度为 1ng/ml,ELISA为 1～ 2ng/ml,且两种方法都只与HBsAg有特异反应 ,与乙肝病毒核心抗原、e抗原无交叉反应。结论 :GCISA检测血清中的HBsAg特异性强 ,灵敏度与ELISA一致 ,在检测单份样品时较ELISA简单快速 ,观察结果直观 ,不需仪器设备。     

丙型肝炎病毒第一高变区代表序列重组肽的交叉性研究

目的：研究丙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis C virus,HCV）第一高变区（hypervariable region 1,HVR1）抗原的交叉反应性，获得适合我国HCV感染株的高交叉反应性HVR1y序列及其组合。方法：对我国报道的HVR1序列，用计算机进行同源性分析，从中选出可能具有高交叉反应的HVR1序列，也选择文献报道的具有高交叉反应性的HVR1序列或HVR1模拟肽序列。用合成基因及重组表达技术，获得一系列重组HVR1肽，并用间接ELISA法研究这些重组HVR1对我国HCV阳性血清的交叉反应性。结果与结论：本研究获得了12条重组HVR1肽抗源，用随机选择的27份我国HCV阳性血清进行交叉反应性检测，发现每条重组HVR1均和不止一份的阳性血清有反应。选择其中4条适合我国的交叉反应性较好的重组HVR1，其交叉反应率可覆盖27份阳性血清的25份（92.5％），对解决HCV疫苗研究中存在的变异问题具有重要意义。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.