混凝沉淀-ABR-氧化沟工艺处理中药废水

采用混凝沉淀-ABR-氧化沟工艺处理中药制药废水.运行结果表明当生产废水的pH为4～6,色度为500倍,CODCr和SS分别为12000 mg/L、2000 mg/L时,处理后出水水质达到<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-1996)一级标准.     

常熟市滨江新市区污水处理厂工艺设计

常熟市滨江新市区污水处理厂近期规模为3万m3/d,采用酸化水解-Carrousel氧化沟工艺。进水以经过预处理的工业废水为主,CODCr500mg/L,BOD5200mg/L,SS250mg/L,NH3-N40mg/L,TP5mg/L,pH6～9。设计出水达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级标准。介绍了污水处理厂平面布置,各构筑物设计参数以及水解-氧化沟工艺的技术特点。     

ABR-SBR-接触氧化-气浮工艺处理纤维板生产废水

人造纤维板厂废水中纤维素含量较高,可生化性差,难以处理达标.采用ABR-SBR-接触氧化-气浮工艺处理某纤维板厂生产废水,工程实践表明,在进水CODCr10 552 mg/L、NH3-N380 mg/L、SS 784 mg/L、pH 4.8时,出水CODCr88 mg/L、NH3-N 5 mg/L、SS 10 mg/L、pH 6.8,各项指标均达到<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-1996)一级标准,取得较好的社会和经济效益.     

水解酸化-生物接触氧化-混凝沉淀工艺处理制药废水

采用水解酸化-生物接触氧化-混凝沉淀工艺处理中成药制药厂生产废水,处理水量200 m3/d,进水CODCr约852 mg/L.监测结果表明,处理后CODCr、BOD5、SS和色度的去除率分别为94%、96.1%、86.9%和94.3%,出水CODCr、BOD5、SS和色度分别为75 mg/L、18 mg/L、36 mg/L和40倍,出水各项指标符合《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)一级标准.     

水解酸化-好氧-曝气生物滤池工艺处理印染废水

采用水解酸化-好氧-曝气生物滤池工艺处理某厂印染废水,在进水CODCr、BOD5和SS分别为600～1 500mg/L、180～360 mg/L、200～350 mg/L情况下,出水CODCr、BOS5和SS分别为50～75 mg/L、12～20 mg/L、50～65 mg/L,极大地降低了废水中的污染物浓度.     

混凝气浮-IC-接触氧化工艺处理纤维板废水

采用混凝气浮一IC一接触氧化法处理纤维板废水.工程运行结果表明:该工艺处理后出水水质稳定,CODCr142 mg/L,BOD545 mg/L,SS 96 mg/L,pH 6.5,色度37倍,达到<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-1996)湿法纤维板工业二级排放标准.     

UASB-水解酸化-接触氧化-MBR工艺处理高浓度聚酯废水

某化纤厂产生的聚酯废水CODCr 3万～6万mg/L,pH 3～5,无色透明且有刺激性气味,生化性较差,BOD/COD为0.27,废水排放总量为150 m3/d.采用UASB-水解酸化-接触氧化-MBR工艺,取得了较好的效果.最终出水CODCr在100 mg/L以下,BOD5在30 mg/L以下,SS在30 mg/L以下,各项指标都达到了<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-1996)的一级标准.     

水解酸化-SBR-接触氧化法处理制药废水

采用水解酸化-SBR-接触氧化工艺处理制药厂生产过程中产生的丁提废水和虫草废水,处理水量2000 m3/d,进水CODCr约4000 mg/L.监测结果表明,处理后BOD5、CODCr和SS的去除率分别为98.5%、93%和80%,出水BOD5、CODCr和SS分别为28.3～30 mg/L、145.6～285.7mg/L和23.6～27.2 mg/L,出水各项指标符合<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-1996)二级标准.实际运行显示,该工艺处理效果稳定,耐冲击负荷性强.     

印染废水处理改造工程设计及运行实例

某印染废水处理改造工程设计规模1440m3/d,采用混凝—水解酸化—两级接触氧化—过滤处理工艺。工程实践表明,在进水CODCr2356mg/L、SS294mg/L、色度481倍时,出水CODCr70mg/L、SS36mg/L、色度37倍,达到《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》(GB4287—92)的一级标准。     

酵母预处理-UASB-SBR工艺处理高浓度豆制品废水

选用酵母菌预处理-UASB-SBR工艺处理高浓度豆制品废水.运行结果表明,当UASB反应器的容积负荷为9.8 kg CODCr/(m3·d),SBR氧化池的污泥负荷为0.26 kg CODCr/(kgVSS·d)时,在进水CODCr,BOD5,TN,SS分别为19 500 mg/L,10 600 mg/L,800 mg/L,1 200mg/L的条件下,出水水质可达到国家<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-1996)的一级标准.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。     

Fish assemblage response to recent mitigation of a channelized warmwater stream

Various designs of low‐head dams are used to rehabilitate streams or forestall upstream channel incision after channelization. We report on the efficacy of using notched sills and grade control structures (GCS) to restore the fish assemblage in Luxapallila Creek, Mississippi. We tested the null hypotheses that habitat variables and species richness, evenness, and assemblage structure would not differ among: (1) a channelized segment with no modifications; (2) a channelized segment mitigated by the installation of sills and GCS; (3) a segment upstream of the installations and undergoing channel incision; and (4) an unaltered segment. Although habitat variables changed, neither species richness, evenness, nor fish assemblage structure differed between mitigated and channelized segments with both exhibiting less richness and different assemblage structures than the unaltered segment. Lack of differences in species richness between the incised and unaltered segments suggest that the GCS may have halted the negative effects of upstream channel incision before species were extirpated. Conspicuous habitat differences between the altered (channelized and mitigated) and unaltered segments were lack of backwaters and canopy coverage and finer substrates in the altered segments. Our results suggest a more comprehensive rehabilitation strategy is required in Luxapallila Creek. Published in 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF WAVE EFFECTS ON SURFACE WIND STRESS AND SURFACE MIXING LENGTH BY THREE-DIMENSIONAL CIRCULATION MODELING

1. INTRODUCTION Coastal and continental shelf regions are characterized by intensive interaction between wave and current. These regions are of great economic significance to mankind. Therefore, the modeling of wave and current as well as their mutual int…