电磁波在一维非均匀介质中的透射

推导了一维非均匀介质中透射电磁波的电场振幅与介质表面入射电磁波电场振幅之间的关系式 关键词：     

水平层状介质中任意方向磁偶极子的电磁场分布

将水平层状介质中的任意方向磁偶极子分解成水平磁偶极子(HMD)和垂直磁偶极子(VMD),给出了将VMD和HMD产生的波分解为电场矢量垂直于入射面的线形极化波(EV波)和平行于入射面的线形极化波(EP波)的方法.通过分别研究这两种波在各层介质中的反射和透射规律,导出确定各介质层中电磁波的递推公式,从而得到了任意介质层中电磁波的解析表达式.     

对"关于‘电磁波在非均匀等离子体中的吸收''的评论"的回复

在张海峰等的评文 (以下简称评文 )中提到 ,总出射波振幅应等于每层等离子体反射与透射振幅的矢量和 ,而在我们文章中认为总出射功率等于每层等离子体反射与透射功率之和。我们认为在对空间取平均后 ,这两种观点是一致的。与我们原来文章的假定一样 ,我们设非均匀等离子体层的厚度为ｄ。电磁波由等离子体的一侧入射 ,另一面为金属反射面。电磁波电场的极化方向如图 1所示。取ｚ轴垂直于等离子体层 ,平衡等离子体密度在ｚ方向具有非均匀性。Ｅ′ｉ 为电磁波在第ｉ层与第ｉ + 1层界面反射后 ,最后射出等离子体层的出射电场矢量为 :Ｅ′ｉ =-Ｅ…     

高速运动分层介质界面上的时间平均能流密度

利用坐标变换和高速运动介质界面上平面电磁波入射、反射和透射电场、磁场之间的关系,详细讨论了当介质界面运动时入射、反射和透射时间平均能流密度的变化规律.     

导电介质中电磁波相移常数与振幅衰减常数的方向关系

基于非均匀电磁波在导电介质中传播时其相移常数方向和振幅衰减常数方向的不一致性,利用电磁波在导电介质界面的边界条件,给出了非均匀电磁波相移常数和振幅衰减常数方向的关系.结果表明,在同一均匀导电介质中非均匀电磁波相移常数和振幅衰减常数方向间满足定量关系,引起电磁波相移常数和振幅衰减常数方向改变的原因是导电介质的改变,在折射波中存在这种方向的改变,导电介质的界面是方向的突变界面.同时还通过几个特例对在层状多层介质中传播的电磁波进行了分析.     

FTIR结构中光子隧穿的位相时间和横向位移

计算了TE光子穿越受阻全内反射（Frustrated total internal reflection--FTIR)结构的隧穿时间（位相时间）以及光子透射过势垒后产生的横向位移。利用金属膜理论中阐述的复数折射角的定义得到了这种典型势垒结构中单层均匀媒质的特性矩阵M，通过计算入射波电场和透射波电场的复数振幅比，得到了光子隧穿势垒的复透射系数及产生的横向位移。最后，对所得的计算结果进行了分析和讨论。     

微波两径传播模型影响因素分析

研究微波两路径传播模型效果及影响因素.应用电磁波和天线理论,推导出两径波叠加电场振幅和接收功率的表达式,给出了叠加电场振幅和功率与天线水平距离关系的图像.结果表明,微波两路径传播时,接收点处电场振幅和接收功率都随天线间的距离呈现波动性,天线高度和天线间距离直接地影响接收点电场的振幅和接收功率,但天线间距离的影响更大.     

平面横电磁波模的初值问题

经典理论所描述的电场和磁场处处同相的平面电磁波模并不存在.Maxwell方程组的解依赖于 电磁场的初始值或边界条件,根据不同的初始条件解得的平面电磁波模是不同的.结果表明 ,平面电磁波是横波,在不同的位置,由变化的电场激发的磁场或由变化的磁场激发的电场 振幅不同,电场与磁场的相位差也不同. 关键词： Maxwell方程组 最优微分方程 初始条件 平面电磁波     

非线性左右手媒质界面的Goos-H(a)nchen位移

由均匀平面电磁波在左右手媒质界面满足的切向边界条件出发,推导了电磁波由线性传统媒质入射到非线性左手媒质时波的传播特性.利用时间延迟的方法,给出全反射情况下媒质界面非线性Goos-Hǎnchen位移表达式.分析了非线性左手媒质界面的侧向位移随入射角及入射波电场强度的变化关系,发现入射波场强对传输特性起决定作用:当入射波电场小于临界场强时,调节入射场强可以控制相应的侧向位移;当入射波电场大于临界场强时,不再满足全反射条件,部分入射波透射到非线性介质中.波导中加入非线性介质不仅可以调节侧向位移的大小,且可以实现对入射波场强的控制.     

非线性左右手媒质界面的Goos-Hänchen位移

 由均匀平面电磁波在左右手媒质界面满足的切向边界条件出发,推导了电磁波由线性传统媒质入射到非线性左手媒质时波的传播特性。利用时间延迟的方法,给出全反射情况下媒质界面非线性Goos-Hänchen位移表达式。分析了非线性左手媒质界面的侧向位移随入射角及入射波电场强度的变化关系,发现入射波场强对传输特性起决定作用:当入射波电场小于临界场强时,调节入射场强可以控制相应的侧向位移;当入射波电场大于临界场强时,不再满足全反射条件,部分入射波透射到非线性介质中。波导中加入非线性介质不仅可以调节侧向位移的大小,且可以实现对入射波场强的控制。     

Surface waves at the interface between a metal and a photovoltaic-photorefractive crystal

We investigate surface waves at the interface between a metal and a photovoltaic-photorefractive (PP) crystal. These surface waves appear in several forms: delocalized surface waves, shock surface waves, and localized surface waves. Only localized surface waves have limited energy. We demonstrate that the transverse sizes of localized surface waves decrease with an increase in the propagation constant and the amplitudes of localized surface waves increase with the propagation constant. The stability of localized surface waves is investigated numerically and it is found that they are stable.     

Characterization of mechanical and geometrical properties of a tube with axial and circumferential guided waves

Guided waves propagating in cylindrical tubes are frequently applied for the characterization of material or geometrical properties of tubes. In a tube, guided waves can propagate in the axial direction and called axial guided waves, or in the circumferential direction called circumferential guided waves. Dispersion spectra for the axial and circumferential guided waves share some common behaviors and however exhibit some particular behaviors of their own. This study provides an investigation with theoretical modeling, experimental measurements, and a simplex-based inversion procedure to explore the similarity and difference between the axial guided waves and circumferential guided waves, aiming at providing useful information while axial and circumferential guided waves are applied in the area of material characterization. The sensitivity to the radius curvature for the circumferential guided waves dispersion spectra is a major point that makes circumferential guided waves different from axial guided waves. For the purpose of material characterization, both axial and circumferential guided waves are able to extract an elastic moduli and wall-thickness information from the dispersion spectra, however, radius information can only be extracted from the circumferential guided waves spectra.     

Power flow in coupled bending and longitudinal waves in beams

In complex structures, curvature and impedance discontinuities (e.g., junctions) couple bending and longitudinal waves. Propagation losses for longitudinal waves are often much less than losses for bending waves, and damping treatments often less effective on longitudinal waves. When the dissipation in longitudinal waves is less than that on bending waves, longitudinal waves can provide an efficient means of power flow between bending waves generated at one location and bending waves that are a source of acoustic radiation at another location. In order to design and locate effective treatments, knowledge of the power flow in longitudinal as well as bending waves is required. The measurement of power in both bending and longitudinal waves when both waves are present is demonstrated. Measurements conducted on a straight beam and a T-beam are compared to predictions obtained using finite element methods. The effect of coupling between waves at the junction in a T-beam is illustrated using results from measurements of power flow.     

Elimination of Anti-spiral Waves by Local Inhomogeneity in Oscillatory Systems

采用系统中的局部不均匀性消除振荡系统中的反螺旋波. 该不均匀性在系统中成为一个波源,不断产生稳定的相波. 研究结果发现,不均匀性的尺寸大小存在一个临界值,如果低于此临界值,则系统将无法激发任何相波. 根据不均匀性形状的不同,系统分别产生靶波和行波. 此外,实验还发现靶波与反螺旋波之间以及行波与反螺旋波之间存在着不同的动态竞争. 数值计算表明,对于行波,无论是低频行波还是高频行波,都可以成功地消除系统中的反螺旋波;而对于靶波,只有低频靶波才可以消除反螺旋波. 此控制方法简单易行,且同样适用于消除向外传播的螺旋波     

Electromagnetic backscattering from freak waves in(1+1)-dimensional deep-water

To study the electromagnetic (EM) backscatter characteristics of freak waves at moderate incidence angles, we establish an EM backscattering model for freak waves in (1+1)-dimensional deep water. The nonlinear interaction between freak waves and Bragg short waves is considered to be the basic hydrodynamic spectra modulation mechanism in the model. Numerical results suggest that the EM backscattering intensities of freak waves are less than those from the background sea surface at moderate incidence angles. The normalised radar cross sections (NRCSs) from freak waves are highly polarisation dependent, even at low incidence angles, which is different from the situation for normal sea waves; moreover, the NRCS of freak waves is more polarisation dependent than the background sea surface. NRCS discrepancies between freak waves and the background sea surface with using horizontal transmitting horizomtal (HH) polarisation are larger than those with using vertical transmitting vertical (VV) polarisation, at moderate incident angles. NRCS discrepancies between freak waves and background sea surface decreases with the increase of incidence angle, in both HH and VV polarisation radars. As an application, in the synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) imaging of freak waves, we suggest that freak waves should have extremely low backscatter NRCSs for the freak wave facet with the strongest slope. Compared with the background sea surface, the freak waves should be darker in HH polarisation echo images than in VV echo images, in SAR images. Freak waves can be more easily detected from the background sea surface in HH polarisation images than in VV polarisation images. The possibility of detection of freak waves at low incidence angles is much higher than at high incidence angles.     

Gravitational Waves and Extra Dimensions: A Short Review *

We give a brief review on the recent development of gravitational waves in extra-dimensional theories of gravity. Studying extra-dimensional theories with gravitational waves provides a new way to constrain extra dimensions. After a flash look at the history of gravitational waves and a brief introduction to several major extra-dimensional theories, we focus on the sources and spectra of gravitational waves in extra-dimensional theories. It is shown that one can impose limits on the size of extra dimensions and the curvature of the universe by researching the propagations of gravitational waves and the corresponding electromagnetic waves. Since gravitational waves can propagate throughout the bulk, how the amplitude of gravitational waves decreases determines the number of extra dimensions for some models. In addition, we also briefly present some other characteristics of gravitational waves in extra-dimensional theories.     

Visual characteristics of inhomogeneous acoustic waves

Experimentally obtained visualizations of propagating inhomogeneous acoustic waves driven by zero-order antisymmetric Lamb waves (flexural waves) in water are presented. The inhomogeneous waves are visualized by optical holographic interferometry. A series of photographs show the evolution in time of instantaneous acoustic pressure distributions associated with propagating inhomogeneous waves. The photographs reveal characteristic features of flexurally driven inhomogeneous waves such as transversely attenuated wavefronts oriented perpendicularly to the plate boundary and a phase propagation velocity along the boundary approximately equal to the plate wave velocity (250 meters/second). Effects due to the dispersive nature of the flexural plate waves are also noted in the photographic series. Features distinguishing these subsonic, inhomogeneous surface waves (also called trapped or evanescent waves) from the leaky, lateral or head wave and also from incompressible fluid motions associated with low frequency vibrations of fluid loaded plates are identified. The relevance of inhomogeneous acoustic waves driven by subsonic flexural waves to practical sound-structure interaction problems is discussed.     

Low frequency surface waves in the presence of an external high frequency electric field

The problem of surface sound propagation in the presence of external high frequency dipole electric field is investigated using Vlasov-Poisson equations. The structure of the electric field of these surface waves is also determined. It has been found that the ion sound waves that exist in the presence of external high frequency waves are true surface waves while those without the external field are quasi-surface waves as the former waves decay within one wavelength away from the surface.     

Tunneling of evanescent waves into propagating waves

The tunneling of evanescent waves into propagating waves is related to the convolution of the high spatial frequencies of the source with those of the detectors. Such an approach is demonstrated by treating the evanescent waves which are diffracted from very narrow apertures in a plane screen (with dimensions much smaller than the wavelength) and are converted to propagating waves by tip detectors. The mechanism responsible for the conversion of evanescent waves into propagating waves is explained and a general formula for the conversion of evanescent waves into propagating waves is derived. PACS 42.25.Fx; 42.30.Kq; 42.25.Bs