单纯腹腔镜胆囊切除术与胆囊癌根治术治疗T1b期意外胆囊癌患者的预后比较

目的探讨T1b期意外胆囊癌的外科治疗方式及预后情况。方法收集2003年1月~(-2)014年7月中国人民解放军总医院收治的22例T1b期意外胆囊癌患者的临床病理、影像学检查、实验室检查、手术信息以及术后随访资料,比较行胆囊癌根治术与单纯行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者的术后生存率及复发转移情况。Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,log-rank法进行生存率检验,计数资料组间比较采用Fisher确切概率法。结果 T1b期意外胆囊癌患者整体1、3、5年累积生存率分别为100%、89.7%和82.8%;单纯行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者和行根治术患者的5年生存率分别为84.6%和75.0%,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.000,P=0.991);单纯行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者肿瘤转移复发率为15.4%(2/13),行根治术患者复发率为12.5%(1/8),2组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 T1b期意外胆囊癌行胆囊癌根治术是合适的选择。     

Minimally invasive versus the conventional open surgical approach of a radical cholecystectomy for gallbladder cancer: a retrospective comparative study

Background

Laparoscopic surgery has traditionally been contraindicated for the management of gall bladder cancer (GBC). This study was undertaken to determine the safety and feasibility of a laparoscopic radical cholecystectomy (LRC) for GBC and compare it with an open radical cholecystectomy (ORC).

Methods

Retrospective analysis of primary GBC patients (with limited liver infiltration) and incidental GBC (IGBC) patients (detected after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy) who underwent LRC between June 2011 and October 2013. Patients who fulfilled the study criteria and underwent ORC during the same period formed the control group.

Results

During the study period, 147 patients with GBC underwent a radical cholecystectomy. Of these, 24 patients (primary GBC– 20, IGBC – 4) who underwent a LRC formed the study group (Group A). Of the remaining 123 patients who underwent ORC, 46 matched patients formed the control group (Group B). The median operating time was higher in Group A (270 versus 240 mins, P = 0.021) and the median blood loss (ml) was lower (200 versus 275 ml, P = 0.034). The post-operative morbidity and mortality were similar (P = 1.0). The pathological stage of the tumour in Group A was T_1b (n = 1), T₂ (n = 11) and T₃ (n = 8), respectively. The median lymph node yield was 10 (4–31) and was comparable between the two groups (P = 0.642). During a median follow-up of 18 (6–34) months, 1 patient in Group A and 3 in Group B developed recurrence. No patient developed a recurrence at a port site.

Conclusion

LRC is safe and feasible in selected patients with GBC, and the results were comparable to ORC in this retrospective comparison.     

完全腹腔镜根治术治疗胆囊癌患者安全性及疗效临床分析*

目的 探讨完全腹腔镜胆囊癌根治术（LRC）治疗胆囊癌患者的安全性及疗效。方法 2013年1月~2015年12月我院收治的40例胆囊癌患者,其中19例接受LRC治疗,21例接受开腹胆囊癌根治术。随访2年,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线行生存分析。结果 LRC组手术时间、淋巴结清扫数和术中出血量分别为（238.4±31.2）min、（7.5±1.2）个和（210.5±21.1） ml,而开腹组分别为（316.5±11.5） min、（7.8±0.9）个和（301.2±22.8 ）ml,其中手术时间和出血量显著短于或少于开腹组（P<0.01）;下床活动时间、拔管时间、进食时间、肛门排气时间和住院日分别为（2.1±0.5） d、（3.5±2.1） d、（2.5±0.9） d、（1.1±0.1） d和（5.4±2.1） d,均显著短于开腹组【分别为（7.1±1.2） d、（14.5±6.6） d、（3.8±1.8） d、（1.9±0.5） d和（8.2±5.8） d,P<0.01】;LRC组发生切口感染1例,胆漏2例（15.8 %）,而开腹组发生切口感染4例,胆漏5例（42.9%,x²=4.286,P=0.038）;LRC组和开腹组1 a生存率分别为94.7%和95.2%,2 a生存率为78.9 %和71.4 %,两组总体生存率比较无统计学差异（x²=0.655,P=0.418）;术后第13个月和18个月,LRC组各有1例出现腹腔淋巴结转移,术后第14个月、16个月和20个月,开腹组各有1例出现腹腔淋巴结转移。结论 LRC治疗胆囊癌患者安全可行,疗效与开放性胆囊癌根治术相同,但手术时间和住院时间更短。     

胆囊癌根治切除新进展

胆囊癌的治疗,主要分为治愈性治疗处理早期而没有扩散的肿瘤和姑息性治疗处理晚期各种肿瘤扩散的患者。由于胆囊癌对化放疗的反应都不理想,外科切除是唯一有效的治愈性手段。1治愈性治疗胆囊癌治愈性治疗,除了肿瘤早或晚期外,其它主要因素决定于胆囊癌诊断的时间。1.1术前怀疑或诊断为胆囊癌这些患者不应接受腹腔镜胆     

胸腔镜下行肺癌根治术治疗肺癌80例分析

目的探讨胸腔镜下行肺癌根治术在治疗肺癌中的效果。方法分析入住我院的80例肺癌患者的临床资料,本组患者均经电视胸腔镜(VATS)辅助下的小切口行肿瘤切除并系统纵膈淋巴结清扫术,并对病理类型、病理分级、淋巴结转移频度以及随访6年之内的生存时间、手术前后患者的生存质量等方面进行观察、分析。结果本组80例肺癌患者,一共清理淋巴结688个区1054枚淋巴结,每位患者平均为(12.31±2.67)枚;胸腔镜下肺癌根治术与传统治疗方法的术后患者生存率不存在统计学差异(P>0.05);胸腔镜下肺癌患者在手术前后的生存质量存在显著的统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论胸腔镜下行肺癌根治术是一种安全、有效地治疗肺癌的方法。     

A comparative analysis of lung cancer patients treated with lobectomy via three-dimensional video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery versus two-dimensional resection

Background

Three-dimensional (3D) vision systems are now available for thoracic surgery. It is unclear whether 3D video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is superior to 2D VATS systems. This study aimed to compare the operative and perioperative data between 2D and 3D VATS lobectomy (VTL) and to identify the actual role of 3D VTL in thoracic surgery.

Methods

A two-institutional comparative study was conducted from November 2013 to November 2014 at Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute and the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China, of 300 patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients were assigned to receive either the 3D VATS (n=150) or 2D VATS (n=150) lobectomy. The operative and perioperative data between 2D VATS and 3D VATS were compared.

Results

Although there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the incidence of each single complication, a significantly less operative time was found in the 3D VATS group (145 min) than in the 2D VATS group (176 min) (P=0.006). Postoperative mortality rates in 3D VATS and 2D VATS groups were both 0%.No significant difference was found between groups for estimated blood loss (P=0.893), chest drainage tube placement time (P=0.397), length of hospital stay (P=0.199), number of lymph nodes resected (P=0.397), postoperative complications (P=0.882) and cost of care (P=0.913).

Conclusions

Early results of this study demonstrate that the 3D VATS lobectomy procedure can be performed with less operative time. 3D VATS and 2D VATS lobectomy are both safe procedures in first-line surgical treatment of NSCLC.     

Retrospective analysis of outcome in 63 gallbladder carcinoma patients after radical resection

Background/Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate factors influencing outcome in gallbladder carcinoma after radical resection, in order to identify those patients benefiting from radical surgery.

Methods

Sixty-three patients (13 pT1, 28 pT2, 14 pT3, and 8 pT4) who underwent surgical resection for gallbladder carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed. Correlations were sought between survival and factors such as the depth of invasion (pT) including the status of infiltration of the hepatoduodenal ligament (pBinf) and liver bed (pHinf), the extent of lymph node metastasis, and other pathologic factors.

Results

Multivariate analysis showed that pBinf, pHinf, and lymph node metastasis were significant prognostic factors. We also analyzed survival rates for each operative procedure. There was no difference in survival between patients with or without bile duct resection for lymph node metastasis. The 5-year survival rates of pHinf-negative patients with stage 1B or more advanced disease after gallbladder bed resection or bisegmentectomy 4a,5 versus those without liver resection were 66% and 0%, respectively. Twelve patients survived for more than 5 years after surgery, including one patient undergoing HPD (liver resection with pancreatoduodenectomy) with positive lymph node metastasis; none was pBinf-positive.

Conclusions

Several factyors were identified as having prognostic significance for survival in patients with gallbladder carcinomas, and we suggest that radical surgery may be indicated for selected patients with advanced disease.     

Prognostic analysis of patients with combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma after radical resection: A retrospective multicenter cohort study

BACKGROUNDCombined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) is a form of rare primary liver cancer that combines intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and hepatocellular carcinoma.AIMTo investigate overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) after radical resection in patients with cHCC-CCA, and the clinicopathological factors affecting prognosis in two center hospitals of China.METHODSWe reviewed consecutive patients with cHCC-CCA who received radical resection between January 2005 and September 2021 at Peking Union Medical College and the 5th Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital retrospectively. Regular follow-up and clinicopathological characteristics were systematic collected for baseline and prognostic analysis.RESULTSOur study included 95 patients who received radical resection. The majority of these patients were male and 82.7% of these patients were infected with HBV. The mean tumor size was 4.5 cm, and approximately 40% of patients had more than one lesion. The median OS was 26.8 (95%CI: 18.5-43.0) mo, and the median RFS was 7.27 (95%CI: 5.83-10.3) mo. Independent predictors of OS were CA19-9 ≥ 37 U/mL (HR = 8.68, P = 0.002), Child-Pugh score > 5 (HR = 5.52, P = 0.027), tumor number > 1 (HR = 30.85, P = 0.002), tumor size and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) after surgery (HR = 0.2, P = 0.005).CONCLUSIONThe overall postoperative survival of cHCC-CCA patients is poor, and most patients experience relapse within a short period of time after surgery. Preoperative tumor biomarker (CA19-9, alpha-fetoprotein) levels, tumor size, and Child-Pugh score can significantly affect OS. Adjuvant TACE after surgery prolongs RFS, suggesting that TACE is a possible option for postoperative adjuvant therapy in patients with cHCC-CCA.     

Single-port versus multi-port cholecystectomy for patients with acute cholecystitis: a retrospective comparative analysis

BACKGROUND: Trans-umbilical single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy for chronic gallbladder disease is becoming increasingly accepted worldwide. But so far, no reports exist about the challenging single-port surgery for acute cholecystitis. The objective of this study was to describe our experience with single-port cholecystectomy in comparison to the conventional laparoscopic technique. METHODS: Between August 2008 and March 2010, 73 patients with symptomatic gallbladder disease and histopathological sign...     

Benefits of combining radiotherapy with aggressive resection for stage IV gallbladder cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The efficacy of combining resection and radiation in the management of advanced gallbladder cancer has not yet been defined. In this study, effects of combining radiation therapy on survival, local control and the pattern of recurrences were analyzed as a retrospective review. METHODOLOGY: From October 1976 to May 1996, 85 patients with stage IV (pTNM) gallbladder cancer underwent various aggressive resection modalities in our institute, including 34 liver resections, 30 hepatopancreaticoduodenectomies. Intra-operative, external or intracavitary radiation therapy was supplemented to resection in 47 patients. RESULTS: The 30-day operative mortality rate was 5.9% and the overall 5-year survival rate of stage IV disease patients was 6.3%; 3 patients are living well more than 6 years after surgery. Adjuvant radiotherapy yielded a significantly (p=0.0023) higher 5-year survival rate (8.9%) than resection alone (2.9%). The local control rate was significantly (p=0.0467) higher in the adjuvant radiation group than in the resection alone group (59.1% vs. 36.1%). However, there was no statistical difference in the frequency of distant metastasis between the two groups. Significant improvement (p=0.0028) of long-term survival was exhibited when radiation was used appropriately on patients with microscopic residues only. Those with macroscopic or without microscopic residues failed to improve. The 5-year survival rate and median survival time of patients receiving adjuvant radiation therapy for microscopic residues were 17.2% and 463 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant radiation therapy following aggressive resection, in certain circumstances, improves prognosis with acceptable operative mortality for stage IV gallbladder cancer.     

胆囊癌根治切除术对患者营养与免疫水平的影响

目的探讨胆囊癌根治性胆囊切除术对胆囊癌患者营养与免疫水平的影响。方法序列研究２７例（男８例，女１９例）因患胆囊癌行根治性胆囊切除术的患者的营养和免疫水平平均年龄５８．５岁分别于术前、后３ｄ，１ｗｋ，２ｗｋ，３ｗｋ测定营养和兔疫指数．用生物化学的方法测定营养水平值：血清清蛋白、胆固醇、铁、转铁球蛋白、镁、锌、血清总铁结合量、兔疫水平值的测定项目有：Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群、免疫球蛋白、补体Ｃ３和Ｃ４值；血清白介素－２，可溶性白介素－２受体值结果术后３ｄ，所有的营养指数均急剧下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）术后２ｗｋ～３ｗｋ，大部分营养指数恢复到术前水平，但是血清铁、转铁球蛋白和血铁总铁结合量在术后３ｗｋ仍未恢复到术前水平．术后２ｗｋ～３ｗｋ后，免疫指数已恢复到术前水平结论胆囊癌根治性切除术对患者营养和免疫水平的影响是暂时的和可逆转的，手术２ｗｋ后应补充足量的铁元素，同时要定期检查微量元素水平     

Safety and efficacy of radiotherapy treatment in elderly patients with localized prostate cancer: A retrospective analysis

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and the activity of radiotherapy treatment in patients aged ≥75 with prostate cancer (PC). From January 2000 to December 2007, 107 consecutive patients aged ≥75 years received radiotherapy with radical intent for PC. Eighty-one patients received radiotherapy in combination with a 6 months androgen suppression therapy. Variables considered were age, stage, co-morbidities according to the adult co-morbidity evaluation index (ACE-27) and performance status (PS). The median age was 79.1 years (range 76–87). The 23.4% of patients showed no co-morbidities, while the 46.7% had mild, 23.4% moderate, and 6.5% severe co-morbidities, respectively. All patients completed the planned radiation treatment. At a median follow-up of 37.8 months, the 5-year overall survival rate was 78%. There was a better survival for patients with no or mild co-morbidities (p < 0.0001) and a good PS (p = 0.009). The actuarial disease-free survival at 60 months was 75.8%. Difference in acute and late toxicity rate was detected between ACE-27 classes for diarrhea and marginally for urinary toxicity, but no difference was detected for different age. We conclude that compliance with radiotherapy is good and rate of toxicity is acceptable in elderly patients. Increasing severity of co-morbidity may sufficiently shorten remaining life expectancy to cancel gains with radical radiotherapy. Further prospective trials are needed to confirm these results.     

Safety and efficacy of radiotherapy treatment in elderly patients with localized prostate cancer: A retrospective analysis

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and the activity of radiotherapy treatment in patients aged ≥75 with prostate cancer (PC). From January 2000 to December 2007, 107 consecutive patients aged ≥75 years received radiotherapy with radical intent for PC. Eighty-one patients received radiotherapy in combination with a 6 months androgen suppression therapy. Variables considered were age, stage, co-morbidities according to the adult co-morbidity evaluation index (ACE-27) and performance status (PS). The median age was 79.1 years (range 76-87). The 23.4% of patients showed no co-morbidities, while the 46.7% had mild, 23.4% moderate, and 6.5% severe co-morbidities, respectively. All patients completed the planned radiation treatment. At a median follow-up of 37.8 months, the 5-year overall survival rate was 78%. There was a better survival for patients with no or mild co-morbidities (p < 0.0001) and a good PS (p = 0.009). The actuarial disease-free survival at 60 months was 75.8%. Difference in acute and late toxicity rate was detected between ACE-27 classes for diarrhea and marginally for urinary toxicity, but no difference was detected for different age. We conclude that compliance with radiotherapy is good and rate of toxicity is acceptable in elderly patients. Increasing severity of co-morbidity may sufficiently shorten remaining life expectancy to cancel gains with radical radiotherapy. Further prospective trials are needed to confirm these results.     

Role of radical surgery in patients with stage IV gallbladder cancer

Objectives

The role of surgery in stage IV gallbladder (GB) cancer is not well established. This study analyses prognostic factors in patients with stage IV GB cancer following surgical resection with the aim of identifying a subgroup of patients who might benefit from surgical resection.

Methods

Clinicopathological details were analysed for 94 patients who were surgically treated for stage IV GB cancer at Seoul National University Hospital.

Results

Median survival was 8 months in patients with either stage IVa or IVb disease. Sixteen patients (17.0%) underwent resection with curative intent, which increased overall survival over that in patients undergoing palliative surgery (P < 0.001). No survival benefit was seen following surgery with curative intent in patients with stage IVa disease (P = 0.764). Surgery with curative intent resulted in a survival benefit in patients with stage IVb disease, patients with an isolated liver metastasis near the GB bed (median survival: 31 months vs. 9 months; P < 0.001) and patients with limited numbers of peritoneal implantations (median survival: 20 months vs. 6 months; P = 0.002). Preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (P = 0.018), surgery with curative intent (P = 0.045) and adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.002) were independent prognostic factors in patients with stage IV GB cancer.

Conclusions

Surgery in combination with systemic chemotherapy may be beneficial in carefully selected patients with stage IVb GB cancer.     

A retrospective cohort study of cancer incidence among patients treated with radiosynoviorthesis

Summary. Radiosynoviorthesis (RS) is an intra-articular injection of a radioactive colloid for the treatment of synovitis administered most often to patients with rheumatoid arthritis or haemophilia. Although highly cost-effective in comparison with surgical or arthroscopic synovectomy, the risk of cancer associated with this treatment is not well known. We evaluated the incidence of cancer in a group of patients treated with RS. A cohort of 2412 adult patients with a variety of underlying conditions (mainly rheumatoid arthritis) and treated with at least one RS between January 1976 and December 2001, was recruited from two centres in Montréal. Cancer incidence and mortality data for cohort members over that time period were obtained from regulatory agencies using linkage. Background rates for all and specific types of cancer were obtained for the provincial (Québec) and national (Canada) population according to age, gender and calendar period categories. Category-specific rates in the cohort were compared with rates in similar categories from the general population generating standardized incidence ratios (SIR). The effects of specific isotope doses and of number of RS treatments were analysed using a Cox-regression model. No increase in the risk of cancer was observed (SIR 0.96; 95% confidence interval 0.82-1.12). There was no dose-response relationship with the amount of radioisotope administered or number of RS treatments. The study provides some indication for the safety of the procedure but homogenous diagnostic groups of younger patients (such as haemophilic patients) receiving RS will need more evaluation.