台东县两乡镇小学生健康体重影响因素比较研究

目的比较分析台东县海端乡与成功镇小学影响学生健康体重的相关因素。方法以台东县海端乡和成功镇12班以下小学3、5年级学生为对象进行问卷普查。结果成功镇饮食习惯行为得分优于海端乡。健康体重态度中,维持运动习惯是重要的和选择适合我的运动项目是容易的,海端乡平均分达到4分以上,介于同意与非常同意之间,高于成功镇。以两校学生中原住民布农人及阿美人为对象,在控制性别、饮食习惯行为、健康体重知识和健康体重态度等变量下,原住民别及年级是影响BMI的主要因素。结论健康体重问题与原住民居住地、年龄相关。对当地学校健康体重相关因素的研究,可为日后学校推行健康体重政策参考。     

孕妇产前体重指数与分娩方式、新生儿体重的关系

[目的]探讨孕妇产前体重指数(BMI)对母婴预后的影响. [方法]选取单胎初产妇360人作为研究对象,按产前BMI分为产前肥胖组(BMI≥128)和产前体重正常组(BMI≤28),再根据孕期体重增加分为≤10kg、10.5～15 kg、15.5-20 kg、20.5～25 kg、＞25.5 kg 5组,以分娩方式、新生儿出生体重为观察指标对各组进行分析比较. [结果]产前肥胖组剖宫产增加,新生儿体重明显增加,高于产前体重正常组(P＜0.05);孕期体重增加＞15.5-20 kg,剖宫产率高达73.7%,与15 kg以下组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01). [结论]加强围生期保健,控制孕期体重过度增加,可降低母婴并发症.     

4城市居民体重自评调查结果分析

目的了解北京等4个城市居民对自身体重自评情况,为采取干预措施提供科学依据。方法对北京、上海、广州、昆明4个城市居民进行拦截式问卷调查。结果北京等4城市居民腰围(79.4%)知晓率明显低于身高(95.2%)、体重(93.0%)知晓率;居民对腰围、体重指数(BMI)正常范围知晓率分别为20.3%和20.5%;居民对自身体重判断正确率较低,超重、肥胖人群自评正确率分别为61.5%和37.6%;是否会使用BMI尺对体重自评正确率有明显影响。结论北京等4城市居民体重自评结果不容乐观,应加强健康教育,推广腰围尺、BMI尺等适宜技术工具,提高居民对体重自评正确率,引导居民采取健康生活方式,积极控制体重。     

3000例成人健康体检者体重指数与血脂等生化指标相关性分析

目的探讨不同体重指数、年龄、性别与血压、血脂、血糖之间的关系。方法收集我院2014年3000例成人健康体检者的资料,分别以性别分为2组、不同年龄分为4组(30岁、30岁~、40岁~、50岁以上)、BMI不同分为4组(BMI18.5、18.5~24、24~28、28以上)进行统计分析。结果所选3000例成人体检人群中,不同性别的血压、血脂、血糖指标有差异,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);不同年龄分组中血压、CHOL、空腹血糖检测结果随着年龄的增加而增加,而TG的检测结果在50岁以上的年龄组并未随年龄增加;在以BMI分组中血压、CHOL、空腹血糖检测结果均是随着BMI指数的增加而增加。结论成人血压、血脂、血糖与性别、年龄、BMI值关系密切,定期体检对于预防疾病的发生十分必要。     

什么是BMI指数

BMI指数即身体质量指数,简称体质指数又称体重指数,是目前国际上常用的衡量人体胖瘦程度以及是否健康的一个标准.主要用于统计用途,当我们需要比较及分析一个人的体重对于不同高度的人所带来的健康影响时,BMI值是一个中立而可靠的指标.可以使用以下公式来计算:     

孕妇体质指数对分娩方式及新生儿体重影响

目的 研究孕妇体质指数对分娩方式及新生儿出生体重的影响.方法 选取单胎初产妇360人作为研究对象,分别按照孕前和产前体质指数(BMI)分组,孕前肥胖组33人,孕前体重正常组327人;产前肥胖组204人,产前体重正常组156人.对妊娠结局、新生儿出生体重等进行调查并进行组间分析比较.结果 孕前肥胖组分娩方式、新生儿出生体重与孕前正常组比较差异无统计学意义(P＜0.05);产前肥胖组剖宫产增加、新生儿出生体重增加,与产前正常组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);孕妇产前体重增加值与新生儿出生体重显著相关(P＜0.05).结论 加强围生期保健,控制孕期体重,可减少母婴并发症.     

杭州市区成年人肥胖与高血压,糖尿病关系的调查

本文抽样调查了杭州市五个社区的人群,分析了体重指数(BMI)与血压的相关性及BMI与高血压、糖尿病患病率的相关性。结果显示,在不同性别中年龄较大组的BMI值均大于年龄较小组(P<0.05);不同性别间BMI差异无显著性(P>0.05)。年龄标化后BMI与男女两性的舒张压、收缩压呈正相关(P<0.01);与两性的血糖则无相关性。体重指数过高能使人群中高血压、糖尿病的患病率升高。当BMI>24时高血压的患病率比低体重组增高(P<0.01),当BMI>28时糖尿病的患病串比低体重组升高(P相似文献   

饮食指导控制孕期体重降低巨大儿的临床观察

目的:通过饮食指导控制孕期体重,降低巨大儿发生率。方法:对720例正常单胎孕妇在孕前3周开始给予合理饮食指导,使孕妇在整个孕期体重合理增长;另取720例正常单胎妊娠孕妇未进行饮食控制,比较两组孕产妇所分娩巨大儿的发生情况。结果:营养指导组孕产妇巨大儿发生率明显低于未经指导组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对孕前高体重指数及孕期BMI增幅过大的孕妇,应加强营养指导,合理膳食,进行适宜运动,提高孕期保健质量,减少巨大儿的发生率。     

宁波市7岁以下儿童年龄别身高、体重和体重指数变化特点

目的 探讨宁波市7岁以下儿童年龄别身高、体重、BMI变化特点及体格发育现状和规律.方法 随机整群抽样调查64 038名健康儿童的身高、体重,按年龄别性别计算身高、体重、BMI的均值、标准差和百分位数,与WHO(2006年)和中国9市城区(2005年)调查结果的参照标准进行比较.结果男女儿童体重、身高的年增长速度基本一致,各项指标随年龄增加而增长,年龄越小增长速度越快,且存在性别和城乡差异.儿童BMI随年龄和性别不同有明显变化,4～6个月时达高峰,以后随年龄增加而缓慢下降.结论宁波市7岁以下儿童身高、体重平均生长水平已达到甚至超过WHO标准,儿童体重、身高的年增长速度与2005年中国9市城区调查的同年龄人群平均水平总趋势一致.     

妊娠期妇女体重增加的研究

对广州市妇幼保健院围产保健门诊 2 0 0 1年确定为怀孕的 1 0 2 0名妇女从妊娠开始进行追踪调查 ,观察膳食调查 3 d记录、孕前及孕期体格检查及新生儿体格检查 ,并根据孕前体重、身高 ,计算孕前身体质量指数 (BMI)。根据 BMI不同 ,将孕妇分为 4组 ,即 BMI<1 9.8、BMI在 1 9.8～ 2 6.0之间、BMI在 2 6.0～ 2 9.0之间、BMI>2 9.0。调查结果显示 :分娩正常出生体重婴儿的孕妇 ,孕期总增重平均为 1 5 kg,较以往 1 2 kg有较大的提高。孕早期体重增加很少 ,至孕 1 5 w不足 2 kg,从孕 1 7w起 ,增重明显。孕中期平均每周增重 0 .2～ 0 .9kg,孕晚期为 0 .4～ 0 .8kg。孕中期与孕晚期各周均无明显差别 ,与孕晚期增重高于孕中期的看法尚不一致。     

南京市中小学生身高、体重和超重肥胖自我报告值的准确性

目的  评价南京市中小学生身高、体重和体重状况的自我报告值的准确性及其影响因素。 方法  采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,抽取南京市12个区小学4年级至高中3年级的在校学生进行面对面问卷调查及体格检查。采用配对t检验分析客观测量值与自我报告值之间差异,不同方法所收集数据之间的一致性比较采用kappa和Bland-Altman法进行分析。 结果  南京地区中小学生人群中依据客观测量数据所得的超重和肥胖比例分别为16.70%和10.97%。调查对象的身高自我报告值被高估1.33 cm,体重和体重指数（body mass index,BMI）分别被低估1.16 kg和0.76 kg/m²,差异均具有统计学意义（均有P < 0.05）。性别、年级、父母文化程度、城乡情况和体重状况均可影响自我报告值的准确性。自我报告与客观测量参数的体重状况分类的总体一致率为83.89%（κ=0.662）。Bland-Altman分析显示身高、体重和体BMI自我报告与客观测量数据的差值超出95%一致性限范围的点均小于5%。 结论  南京市中小学生身高和体重自我报告值与客观测量数值之间存在较好的一致性,适用于儿童青少年人群的大样本流行病学调查。     

Time-dependent variation in weight and body composition in healthy adults

OBJECTIVES: To define the limits of change in body weight and body composition after different time intervals in healthy, normal adults. METHODS: Prospective and retrospective analyses of paired body composition studies in a total of 326 healthy adults, ages 18 to 97. Measurements included body weight, fat and fat-free mass (FFM) by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioimpedance analysis (BIA), plus body cell mass (BCM) by whole-body counting of 40K and BIA. RESULTS: Time interval between studies was a significant predictor of the differences in paired studies. The 95% confidence intervals for percent difference were lowest for body weight, intermediate for BCM and FFM, and highest for fat, in part because of the differences in sizes of these body compartments. There were significant associations among the changes in body composition by BIA and by criterion methods, suggesting that the observed changes are real. CONCLUSIONS: The normal variation in body weight and body composition increases over time. Time-dependent criteria may increase the sensitivity in diagnosing malnutrition. Interpreting changes in body compartments requires consideration of the size of each compartment.     

12城市大学生测量体重与自评体重比较分析

目的分析大学生自评体重与测量体重分布及其一致性。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,按年龄、性别、专业分层抽样,对12城市大学生开展问卷调查。结果共调查4402名大学生,男生2149人（48．8％）,女生2253人（51．2％）。调查对象超重肥胖率为10．1％,低体重率19．6％,自评体重与测量体重的一致率为65．7％,其中,男生一致率为67．3％,女生一致率为63．8％,男生高于女生（X2=7．063,P=0．008）,差异有统计学意义;体重偏轻组、正常组和超重肥胖组的一致率分别为54．9％、67．8％和71．7％。不同年级、不同专业大学生自评体重与测量体重的一致率差异无统计学意义。结论大学生自评体重存在偏差,应根据情况进行分类指导。     

Impact of peanuts and tree nuts on body weight and healthy weight loss in adults

Nuts (ground and tree) are rich sources of multiple nutrients and their consumption is associated with health benefits, including reduced cardiovascular disease risk. This has prompted recommendations to increase their consumption. However, they are also high in fat (albeit largely unsaturated) and are energy dense. The associations between these properties, positive energy balance, and body weight raise questions about such recommendations. This issue is addressed through a review of the literature pertaining to the association between nut consumption and energy balance. Epidemiological studies document an inverse association between the frequency of nut consumption and BMI. Clinical trials reveal little or no weight change with inclusion of various types of nuts in the diet over 1-6 mo. Mechanistic studies indicate this is largely attributable to the high satiety property of nuts, leading to compensatory responses that account for 65-75% of the energy they provide. Limited data suggest chronic consumption is associated with elevated resting energy expenditure resulting in dissipation of another portion of the energy they provide. Additionally, due to poor bioaccessibility, there is limited efficiency of energy absorption from nuts. Collectively, these mechanisms offset much of the energy provided by nuts. The few trials contrasting weight loss through regimens that include or exclude nuts indicate improved compliance and greater weight loss when nuts are permitted. This consistent literature suggests nuts may be included in the diet, in moderation, to enhance palatability and nutrient quality without posing a threat for weight gain.     

Comparative study on body shape satisfaction and body weight control between Korean and Chinese female high school students

This study was conducted to compare body shape satisfaction, body image perception, weight control status, and dietary habits of Korean and Chinese female high school students in order to provide information for proper body image perception of adolescents. 221 students in Yongin, a city in Korea, and 227 students in Weihai, a city in China, were surveyed using questionnaires. Body shape satisfaction was significantly higher in Chinese students (P < 0.001) compared to Korean students. 76.2% of Korean students and 72.7% of Chinese students wanted a thinner body shape than their present body shapes. Experiences of weight control, laxative or diuretics uses, eating during weight control, and vomiting after eating were significantly higher in Korean students (P < 0.05-P < 0.001) compared to Chinese students. The score for dietary habits was significantly higher in Chinese students (P < 0.001) compared to Korean students, suggesting a more desirable dietary habit among Chinese students. Students of both countries showed a significantly positive correlation between body shape satisfaction and dietary habits, suggesting that as body shape satisfaction increases, dietary habits become more desirable. In conclusion, Korean female students showed a more distorted body image perception and had more poor dietary habits than Chinese students. Nutritional education for the establishment of normal body weight, proper body image perception, and healthy dietary habits are needed.     

Effect of chronic consumption of almonds on body weight in healthy humans

Small changes of diet may reduce CVD risk. One example is the inclusion of nuts. They are rich in fibre, unsaturated fatty acids and phytonutrients. However, their fat content and energy density raise concerns that chronic consumption will promote weight gain. Randomised intervention studies are required to evaluate whether this concern is well founded. This study's aim was to determine if the inclusion of a 1440 kJ serving of almonds in the daily diet results in positive energy balance, and body composition change. During a 23-week cross-over design study, participants were required to consume almonds for 10 weeks and were provided no advice on how to include them in their diet. For another 10 weeks (order counter-balanced), participants followed their customary diet and there was a 3-week washout between. The study group consisted of twenty women. Potential mechanisms of energy dissipation were measured. Ten weeks of daily almond consumption did not cause a change in body weight. This was predominantly due to compensation for the energy contained in the almonds through reduced food intake from other sources. Moreover, inefficiency in the absorption of energy from almonds was documented (P < 0.05). No changes in resting metabolic rate, thermic effect of food or total energy expenditure were noted. A daily 1440 kJ serving of almonds, sufficient to provide beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors, may be included in the diet with limited risk of weight gain. Whether this can be generalised to other high-fat energy dense foods warrants evaluation.     

兖州市中小学生结核杆菌感染现状调查分析

目的了解兖州市中小学生结核杆菌感染现状,为探讨预防对策提供科学依据。方法对调查对象进行卡介茵纯蛋白衍生物（PPD）试验,接种后72小时观察结果。对PPD试验强阳性学生进行痰涂片结核杆菌检查和胸部x线检查。结果7898名中小学生PPD试验结果表明,总阳性率为14．52％。阳性率和强阳性率女生均高于男生。农村学生强阳性率显著高于城市,随着年龄的增长强阳性率呈逐渐增高趋势。结论将PPD试验筛查列为每年新生入校健康体检的必查内容,及时发现传染源,采取综合性预防控制措施,防止结核病在中小学校传播与流行。     

Self-perception of body weight among high school students in Taipei, Taiwan

Self-perception of body weight and other weight-related factors were assessed among 2665 Taipei, Taiwan high school students. A high percent of the girls (70.7%) and boys (42.2%) reported that they were too fat and these percentages were much higher than those reported by U.S. students in a recent Youth Risk Behavior Survey. In addition, only 13.2% of girls and 22.0% of boys reported being completely satisfied with their weight and the level of dissatisfaction with weight appeared to be greater than among U.S. students. Yet, in comparison to U.S. students, the Taiwanese students were considerably less likely than their U.S. counterparts to engage in weight management practices (e.g., dieting, eating less food, using diet pills). Taiwanese students with a self-perception of being too fat were more likely than those with perceptions of being just right or too thin to engage in weight management practices, to be dissatisfied with their weight, feel that they were unattractive, estimate that their same-sex peers were trying to lose weight, and have a higher body mass index. The findings from this study showed a relationship between self-perception of body size and engaging in weight control behaviors was consistent with other research. It suggested that self-perception of body weight, more so than objective weight status, was predictive of weight loss behavior and also negative psychological outcomes associated with poor body weight image. As a result, self-perception of weight may be an important point of focus for the design and implementation of clinical and public health initiatives targeted at this adolescent population as well as others.     

Gender differences in body weight perception and weight-loss strategies of college students

Gender differences in college students' perceptions and satisfaction with body weight were examined. Females tended to perceive themselves as overweight when they were not, failed to see themselves as underweight when they were, and many of those who did not see themselves as even slightly overweight wanted to lose weight. Although males reported some dissatisfaction with their bodies, they tended to want to gain rather than lose weight. Females dieted more frequently than did males, and nearly one-third of the females reported either self-induced vomiting or laxative use as a weight-loss strategy. The relationship between social pressure for female slenderness, dieting, and eating disorders are discussed.     

重庆城区正常体重学生和超重学生的体脂含量比较

【目的】比较重庆市正常体重学生和超重学生的体脂推算值,分析体质指数(body mass index,BMI)和体脂百分比(percent body fat,PBF%)的相互关系,探讨不同肥胖筛查标准的一致性,为国内儿童肥胖判断标准的完善提供线索。【方法】以WHO的身高别体重(WFH)标准筛出超重学生844名,并按1∶2配对选择了正常体重学生1 688名。通过测量学生的身高、体重、肱三头肌和肩胛下皮褶厚度,计算BMI,并推算PBF。【结果】1)7~18岁每个年龄段的超重男生和女生的BMI均值和PBF中位数均分别显著高于同龄正常体重的男生和女生的对应值(P均0.001);2)PBF与BMI的偏相关系数r为0.397(P0.001)。多元线性回归分析显示:PBF与性别(男=1,女=2)、BMI正相关,与是否超重(超重=1,正常=2)、年龄负相关(R2=0.578,P0.001);3)与中国肥胖工作组WGOC公布的BMI切点标准相比,协作组推荐的PBF判断标准的特异度为83.0%,灵敏度为82.9%。【结论】重庆城区超重学生和正常学生的脂肪推算值差异显著。PBF受多种因素影响,与BMI呈低度相关。直接测量学生的体内脂肪,建立本国的PBF筛查标准,联合BMI切点标准可能更有利于学生肥胖的准确诊断。