一类酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的合成及抗肿瘤活性

以4-氯-6,7-二甲氧基喹唑啉、8-溴辛酸乙酯及溴代正丁烷等为原料,根据喹唑啉类化合物药效结构关系,对N-(3-氯-4-烷氧苯基)喹唑啉-4-胺类化合物（ARRY-334543）进行了结构修饰,合成了具有抗肿瘤细胞活性的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。采用NMR和MS对化合物的结构进行了表征,并对其进行了抗肿瘤细胞活性测试。得到的化合物IX a ~ b均对MCF-7、BGC-823、A549、DU145和H1975细胞有一定的抗肿瘤活性,活性最好的是化合物IX a,其半数抑制浓度（GI50）为0.37μmol/L。     

小分子蛋白酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的研究进展

蛋白酪氨酸激酶是一类具有酪氨酸激酶活性的蛋白质,其异常表达与肿瘤的侵袭、转移以及肿瘤新生血管的生成等密切相关。以蛋白酪氨酸激酶作为靶点的药物研究已取得了突破性进展,目前已有二十余个小分子蛋白酪氨酸激酶抑制剂用于临床肿瘤的治疗,并有大量的抑制剂处于临床前和临床研究阶段。对近年来小分子蛋白酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的研究进展进行了综述。     

芳香基苦参碱衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性

分别以茴香醛、黎芦醛、3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲醛、2,3,4-三甲氧基苯甲醛为原料,在氢化钠的作用下,与苦参碱发生Claisen-Schimidt缩合反应合成了4个芳香基苦参碱衍生物;采用MTT法测试目标化合物对人结肠癌细胞株HT-29,人胰腺癌细胞株PANC-1的增殖抑制活性。结果表明,合成的芳香基苦参碱衍生物的IC50值分别为27.8、18.0、9.05、13.2μmol/L,苦参碱的IC50值为28.6μmol/L,4个苦参碱衍生物的抗肿瘤活性较苦参碱有所提高。     

EZH2甲基转移酶抑制剂的设计、合成及甲基化抑制活性

对2-(3-甲基-6-甲氧基喹唑啉-2-氨基)-6-(1-苯基-1H-四唑-5-硫甲基)-4-嘧啶酮（DCE-254）进行了分子对接，设计、合成了14种DCE-254类似物。以4-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯和1-苯基-5-巯基四氮唑，盐酸胍，取代苯甲酰氯、取代异硫氰酸酯等为原料，合成了这些类似物Va~Ⅵh。采用MS，1HNMR和13CNMR对这些类似物的结构进行了表征。H3K27me放射性甲基化抑制测试得到了5种具有较强甲基化抑制作用的DCE-254类似物，活性最好的是N-[4-羟基-6-(1-苯基-1H-四氮唑-5-硫甲基)-2-嘧啶]-N''-2-甲氧基-5-甲基苯基硫脲（Ⅵf），其甲基化抑制率达到77% 结果优于DCE-254。     

喹啉类蛋白酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的研究进展

蛋白酪氨酸激酶的过度表达与多种肿瘤的发生、发展及转移相关,抑制酪氨酸激酶活性可有效抑制肿瘤。目前已有11个小分子蛋白酪氨酸激酶抑制剂作为抗肿瘤药物上市,1个由美国FDA批准接受预登记的药物,超过100个候选药物处于临床试验阶段。其中喹唑啉结构的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂已成为临床上最常见的抗肿瘤化疗药物类别之一。综述了近年来与喹唑啉结构相似的具有喹啉骨架的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂研究进展。     

两个Galaxamide类似物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性初探

以D-苯丙氨酸和D-亮氨酸为起始原料,采用液相合成法,经典的"3+2"合成策略,通过对氨基酸N端的保护及脱保护、C端的脱保护、氨基酸的甲基化、缩合等步骤,以混合缩合试剂DEPBT/HATU/TBTU关环,合成了两个环五肽HW-1和HW-2,化合物结构通过1HNMR,13CNMR,MS和ICP-MS进行表征。采用MTT法对目标产物HW-1和HW-2进行抗肿瘤活性筛选,结果显示其具有良好的活性,尤其对Hep G2的IC50值分别为3.14和9.2 mg/L。     

具有烷基化功能基团的EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂研究进展

近年来,针对肿瘤生长的关键调控因子,尤其是针对肿瘤信号通路中起关键调控作用的表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶进行的小分子激酶抑制剂的研发为人们提供了有效对抗肿瘤的新策略。综述了以4-芳氨基喹唑啉为母核具有烷基化功能基的表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的研究进展,介绍了产生烷基化作用的功能基团以及抑制剂对受体蛋白的作用机理和结合方式。     

藜芦胺类似物的合成及体外抗肿瘤活性研究

以黎芦属植物中含量丰富的甾体生物碱藜芦胺(Ⅰ)为原料,经结构修饰,共得到5种藜芦胺类似物Ⅱ~Ⅵ。经核磁共振谱、质谱确定化合物结构。以已知的Hedgehog信号通路抑制剂环巴胺为阳性对照,采用人胃癌细胞SGC-7901和人胰腺癌细胞Aspc-1进行体外抑制肿瘤细胞增殖活性筛选。结果表明,化合物Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ的抑制肿瘤细胞增殖活性优于环巴胺。初步构效关系研究表明,在藜芦胺的哌啶环上引入烟酸及对硝基苯甲酰基团,可显著提高其抗肿瘤活性。     

蒎烷基噻唑腙类衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

以诺蒎酮为原料,经过加成、缩合、环化等反应,合成出蒎烷基噻唑腙衍生物4a～4n,采用FTIR、1HNMR、13CNMR和HRMS对化合物的结构进行了表征。考察了化合物4a～4n对人肝癌细胞(HepG2)、人多发性骨髓瘤细胞(RPMI-8226)、人肺癌细胞(A549)和乳腺癌细胞(MDA-MB-231)的抗肿瘤活性。实验结果表明,化合物4a的抗肿瘤活性最强,其对Hep G2、8226、A549和231细胞的IC50分别低至5.8、8.8、7.1和10.6μmol/L;化合物4c的抗肿瘤活性也较强,其IC50分别为8.9、8.7、7.3和9.7μmol/L。细胞凋亡和周期实验数据显示,当化合物4a浓度从0增加到40μmol/L时,A549细胞的总凋亡率从6.55%增加到47.20%,G2/M期的细胞数量从13.50%上升至51.72%。以上结果表明,化合物4a能够诱导A549细胞凋亡,并将细胞有丝分裂周期阻滞在G2/M期。     

蒎烷基噻唑腙类衍生物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性

以诺蒎酮为原料,经过加成、缩合、环化等反应,合成出蒎烷基噻唑腙衍生物4a～4n,采用FTIR、1HNMR、13CNMR和HRMS对化合物的结构进行了表征。考察了化合物4a～4n对人肝癌细胞(HepG2)、人多发性骨髓瘤细胞(RPMI-8226)、人肺癌细胞(A549)和乳腺癌细胞(MDA-MB-231)的抗肿瘤活性。实验结果表明,化合物4a的抗肿瘤活性最强,其对Hep G2、8226、A549和231细胞的IC50分别低至5.8、8.8、7.1和10.6μmol/L;化合物4c的抗肿瘤活性也较强,其IC50分别为8.9、8.7、7.3和9.7μmol/L。细胞凋亡和周期实验数据显示,当化合物4a浓度从0增加到40μmol/L时,A549细胞的总凋亡率从6.55%增加到47.20%,G2/M期的细胞数量从13.50%上升至51.72%。以上结果表明,化合物4a能够诱导A549细胞凋亡,并将细胞有丝分裂周期阻滞在G2/M期。     

BCR-ABL络氨酸激酶抑制剂类药物的研究进展

BCR-ABL络氨酸激酶与慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)的发生密切相关,以其为靶点的激酶抑制剂成为近年来抗CML药物的研发热点。与传统药物相比,此类药物具有选择性高、副作用少的特点,部分已经成为治疗慢性粒细胞白血病的一线用药。文章从作用机制、临床适用范围和国内外上市开发状况等方面,对BCR-ABL络氨酸激酶抑制剂类药物的研究进展进行了综述。     

六元并五元环母核类EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的研究进展

EGFR抑制剂是抗肿瘤药物研究的热点,文章就近年来新合成的六元并五元环母核类EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂进行综述总结,重点关注国内外已报道的药物骨架结构,简要论述一些抑制剂的结构以及构效关系研究,希望能为EGFR抑制剂后续的研发提供启示和参考。     

Discovery of Covalent Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors with Decreased CYP2C8 Inhibitory Activity

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a member of the Tec kinase family that is expressed in cells of hematopoietic lineage. Evidence has shown that inhibition of BTK has clinical benefit for the treatment of a wide array of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Previously we reported the discovery of a novel nicotinamide selectivity pocket (SP) series of potent and selective covalent irreversible BTK inhibitors. The top molecule 1 of that series strongly inhibited CYP2C8 (IC₅₀=100 nM), which was attributed to the bridged linker group. However, our effort on the linker replacement turned out to be fruitless. With the study of the X-ray crystal structure of compound 1 , we envisioned the opportunity of removal of this liability via transposition of the linker moiety in 1 from C6 to C5 position of the pyridine core. With this strategy, our optimization led to the discovery of a novel series, in which the top molecule 18 A displayed reduced CYP inhibitory activity and good potency. To further explore this new series, different warheads besides acrylamide, for example cyanamide, were also tested. However, this effort didn't lead to the discovery of molecules with better potency than 18 A . The loss of potency in those molecules could be related to the reduced reactivity of the warhead or reversible binding mode. Further profiling of 18 A disclosed that it had a strong hERG (human Ether-a-go-go Related Gene) inhibition, which could be related to the phenoxyphenyl group.     

脲类受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的研究进展

蛋白络氨酸激酶抑制剂作为目前治疗效果明显而且应用前景广阔的抗肿瘤药物备受青睐。本文以近5年的文献为主要参考,对已经上市的和处于研究阶段的脲类酪氨酸激酶抑制剂进行了综述。     

KTDA衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

3-羰基-甘遂-8,24-二烯-21-羧酸（KTDA）对某些肿瘤细胞有抑制增殖作用,且曾浓度依赖性。本文将KTDA进行胺化以及酯化得到7个KTDA衍生物,并采用MTT法评价了KTDA以及7个衍生物对SMMC-7721、A549、Eca-109、KB四种肿瘤细胞的体外抗肿瘤活性。衍生物中化合物2对SMMC-7721肿瘤细胞的IC50值比KTDA的IC50值低,化合物8对SMMC-7721、Eca-109肿瘤细胞的Ic50值比KTDA的IC50值低。     

Combination Strategies Involving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Tyrosine Kinase or BRAF Inhibitors in Aggressive Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid cancer is the most common (~90%) type of endocrine-system tumor, accounting for 70% of the deaths from endocrine cancers. In the last years, the high-throughput genomics has been able to identify pathways/molecular targets involved in survival and tumor progression. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy individually have many limitations. Regarding the first one, although it greatly reduces the size of the cancer, clinical responses are generally transient and often lead to cancer relapse after initial treatment. For the second one, although it induces longer-lasting responses in cancer patients than targeted therapy, its response rate is lower. The individual limitations of these two different types of therapies can be overcome by combining them. Here, we discuss MAPK pathway inhibitors, i.e., BRAF and MEK inhibitors, combined with checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4. Several mutations make tumors resistant to treatments. Therefore, more studies are needed to investigate the patient’s individual tumor mutation burden in order to overcome the problem of resistance to therapy and to develop new combination therapies.     

喹唑啉类化合物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性研究进展

喹唑啉类化合物具有良好的抗肿瘤活性,主要通过对表皮生长因子受体、血管内皮细胞生长因子受体或其酪氨酸激酶的抑制作用,从而达到抗癌的功效。综述了近年来该类衍生物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性研究进展。     

Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Recurrent and Unresectable Bone Sarcomas

Bone sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors with a predominance in the young population. Few options of systemic treatment are available once they become unresectable and resistant to conventional chemotherapy. A better knowledge of the key role that tyrosine kinase receptors (VEGFR, RET, MET, AXL, PDGFR, KIT, FGFR, IGF-1R) may play in the pathogenesis of these tumors has led to the development of multi-target inhibitors (TKIs) that are progressively being incorporated into our therapeutic arsenal. Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent primary bone tumor and several TKIs have demonstrated clinical benefit in phase II clinical trials (cabozantinib, regorafenib, apatinib, sorafenib, and lenvatinib). Although the development of TKIs for other primary bone tumors is less advanced, preclinical data and early trials have begun to show their potential benefit in advanced Ewing sarcoma (ES) and rarer bone tumors (chondrosarcoma, chordoma, giant cell tumor of bone, and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma). Previous reviews have mainly provided information on TKIs for OS and ES. We aim to summarize the existing knowledge regarding the use of TKIs in all bone sarcomas including the most recent studies as well as the potential synergistic effects of their combination with other systemic therapies.