The risk of preeclampsia rises with increasing prepregnancy body mass index

PURPOSE: To explore the dose-dependent relation between prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and the risk of preeclampsia after adjusting for measured confounders. METHODS: We studied 1179 primiparous women who enrolled at < 16 weeks' gestation into a prospective cohort study of the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Multivariable logistic regression was used to quantify the independent effect of prepregnancy BMI on the risk of preeclampsia after adjusting for race and smoking status. BMI was specified as a restricted quadratic spline. RESULTS: Preeclampsia risk rose strikingly from a BMI of 15 to 30 kg/m(2). Compared with women with a BMI of 21, the adjusted risk of preeclampsia doubled at a BMI of 26 (odds ratio 2.1 [95% confidence interval, 1.4, 3.4]), and nearly tripled at a BMI of 30 (2.9 [1.6, 5.3]). Women with a BMI of 17 had a 57% reduction in preeclampsia risk compared with women with a BMI of 21 (0.43 [0.25, 0.76]), and a BMI of 19 was associated with a 33% reduction in risk (0.66 [0.50, 0.87]). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that preeclampsia risk rises through most of the BMI distribution. The dramatic elevation in overweight prevalence in the United States may increase preeclampsia incidence in the future.     

Binge size increases with body mass index in women with binge-eating disorder

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether meal size is related to body mass index (BMI) in obese subjects with binge-eating disorder (BED). RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Five groups of subjects each consumed two laboratory-test meals on nonconsecutive days. Forty-two women, categorized by BMI and BED diagnosis, were instructed to "binge" during one meal and to eat "normally" during another. Eighteen women had BMI values >38 kg/m(2) (more-obese) and 17 had BMI values between 28 to 32 kg/m(2) (less-obese). Twelve of the more-obese and nine of the less-obese individuals met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-IV criteria for BED. Seven normal-weight women also participated as controls. RESULTS: Subjects with BED ate significantly more in both meals than subjects without BED. Binge meals were significantly larger than normal meals only among subjects with BED. The more-obese subjects with BED ate significantly more than the less-obese subjects with BED, but only when they were asked to binge. Intake of the binge meal was significantly, positively correlated with BMI among subjects with BED. Subjects with BED reported significantly higher satiety ratings after the binge than after the normal meal, but subjects without BED reported similar ratings after both meals. Regardless of instructions and diagnosis, obese subjects consumed a significantly higher percentage of energy from fat (38.5%) than did normal-weight subjects (30.8%). DISCUSSION: During binge meals, the energy intake of subjects with BED is greater than that of individuals of similar body weight without BED and is positively correlated with BMI.     

职业紧张对体质指数的影响

目的探讨职业紧张相关因素对体质指数(BMI)的影响。方法采用横断面研究方法对115名机车调度员进行调查,以职业紧张调查量表测试职业紧张因素、人格特征、心理性紧张反应,测量身高、体质量,计算BMI。结果工作困难、外控性和紧张易感性高水平组超重与肥胖率高于低水平组,决定自由度和工作中的人际关系高水平组超重与肥胖率低于低水平组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,紧张易感性是引起BMI增加的危险因素(OR=1.328),而工作中的人际关系是降低BMI的保护因素(OR=0.362)。结论职业紧张因素和不利于应对应激的人格特征可能会引起BMI的改变。     

孕前BMI及孕期BMI增幅对妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨孕妇孕前及孕期BMI增幅对妊娠结局的影响。方法:选取单胎初产妇360例作为研究对象,按孕前BMI及孕期BMI增幅<4(Ⅰ组)、4≤BMI≤6(Ⅱ组)、>6(Ⅲ组)分组,并分别随访其妊娠结局。结果:孕前肥胖组剖宫产、新生儿出生体重与正常组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);孕前肥胖组孕期BMI增幅≥4者剖宫产、巨大儿明显增多(P<0.05),孕前正常组孕期BMI增幅>6者剖宫产、巨大儿明显增加(P<0.05);孕前肥胖组、孕期BMI增幅>6的孕妇,其妊高征、妊娠期糖尿病发病率明显增加(P<0.05)。结论:孕前BMI及孕期BMI增幅与母婴预后有密切关系,控制孕前BMI及孕期BMI增幅可以减少母婴并发症。     

The relationships between eating habits, smoking and alcohol consumption, and body mass index among baby boomers

The study was to examine the eating habits of baby boomers and to investigate the relationship of these and other lifestyle habits on their reported body mass indices (BMI). A questionnaire was administered by mail to a random sample of people aged 40 years and above, drawn from the Electoral Rolls in Victoria, Australia. Part of the questionnaire contained questions about the respondents’ eating habits, smoking status and alcohol use, as well as self reported heights and weights and demographic characteristics. Eight hundred and forty-four people (out of 1470) returned usable questionnaires. Statistically significant differences were found between the eating habits of men and women. Generally, more women snacked on high energy dense foods (e.g., confectionery). More men took larger mouthfuls than women. The eating habits of women appeared to be more formal than men’s. Four constructs named: unconstrained eating, traditional eating style, gulping, and chocolate and junk food were derived from the eating behaviour literature. Structural equation modelling showed that eating behaviour was associated with BMI along with current smoking, ex-smoking status, alcohol consumption, and demographics. Eating habits and other lifestyle behaviours appear to be associated with BMI though in different pathways for men and women.     

孕早期体重指数对妊娠结局的影响分析

目的:探究孕早期体重指数对妊娠结局的影响.方法:选取2014年1月至2016年7月期间在我院分娩的单胎初产妇398例,根据产妇孕8周的BMI将患者分为肥胖组和正常组,所有入组者均于妊娠12周内建立围生期保健手册,并由专人负责,定期进行产前检查,直至分娩前;比较两组患者的妊娠期高血压、妊娠期糖尿病、产后出血等发生率.结果:肥胖组患者妊娠期高血压、妊娠期糖尿病、产后出血等发生率明显高于正常组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:孕早期体重指数过高会导致孕妇和新生儿预后不良,因此,适当增加运动,控制孕妇BMI和体重增加幅度,有助于减少妊娠不良结局发生,确保母婴安全健康.     

Effect of shift work on body mass index and metabolic parameters

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this cohort study was to investigate the effects of shift work on changes in parameters related to metabolic disturbances. METHODS: The study population included 1529 male blue-collar workers, aged 19-49 years at baseline, working in a sash and zipper factory in Japan. The participants were divided into four groups according to the work schedule at baseline, the end point being workers doing fixed daytime work in both years (day-day), workers who changed from shift work to fixed daytime work (shift-day), workers who changed from fixed daytime work to shift work (day-shift), and workers doing shift work in both years (shift-shift). The changes in body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c over a period of 10 years were compared among the groups by work schedule. RESULTS: The age-adjusted mean increase in BMI was 1.03 kg/m(2) for the day-shift workers, and it was significantly larger than that of the day-day workers and shift-day workers. The shift-shift workers showed a significantly larger increase in BMI than the day-day workers. These tendencies remained after adjustment for age and all other confounding factors, such as BMI, smoking, drinking, and leisure-time physical activity at baseline. The increase in total cholesterol tended to be higher among the shift-shift workers and the day-shift workers, but there were no significant differences. Blood pressure and hemoglobin A1c did not differ among the four groups. CONCLUSIONS: Shift work is considered to be a risk factor for excess weight. However, no significant difference in the biomarkers was found between daytime workers and shift workers.     

孕前体质指数对妊娠并发症和妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨孕妇孕前体质指数(BMI)与妊娠期并发症、妊娠结局的关系。方法:以江西省贵溪市人民医院2010年8月～2011年10月住院分娩的单胎初产、足月妊娠妇女1 200例为对象,收集其围产保健、妊娠并发症和妊娠结局资料,参照中国肥胖问题工作小组标准将对象分为消瘦组(A组)、正常组(B组)、超重组(C组),分析孕前BMI与妊娠期高血压、糖尿病、贫血等妊娠并发症以及与新生儿出生体重、分娩方式、产后出血、新生儿窒息等不良妊娠结局的关系。结果:A、B、C组新生儿出生体重差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),产后出血、新生儿窒息发生率组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);孕前低BMI组孕晚期贫血率达到37.96%,低体重儿发生率达到5.55%,均显著高于其余两组(P<0.05);孕期超重组妊娠期高血压发生率7.52%,妊娠期糖尿病发病率为2.86%,巨大儿出生率为29.17%,剖宫产率44.80%,高于其余两组(P<0.05)。结论:孕前BMI影响妊娠期并发症及出生体重、分娩方式等,即使在中小城市问题亦比较严重,如何进行健康教育对促进母婴安全和健康有重要意义。     

Interrelationships of moderate and high alcohol consumption with diet and health status

Relationships of habitual alcohol consumption with diet and nutritional status were studied in 179 middle-class males with a wide range of alcohol consumption. One-day food records, diet histories, blood samples and data on alcohol consumption and meal patterns were collected. When data were analyzed by linear regression, there was a trend toward increased energy intake as alcohol consumption increased; however when the population was divided into tertiles based on alcohol consumption, the energy intakes were not significantly different between the tertile groupings. As alcohol intake increased, there was a decrease in percent of energy derived from protein, fat, and carbohydrate and the nutritional quality of the diet declined. Changes in health status, as measured by blood chemistries, were associated with both moderate and high alcohol consumption, although only three abnormal mean values were found in the upper tertile group.     

Unexpected effects of coffee consumption on liver enzymes

The effects of regular daily coffee consumption on liver enzymes were studied in a large number of subjects from the general population. In coffee drinkers, liver enzymes (gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaine-amino transferase, and alkaline phosphatase) and serum bilirubin were lower than in non-coffee-drinking subjects or in those consuming less than 3 cups daily. The hypothesis proposed is that liver enzymes are a target for caffeine contained in coffee.     

Evaluation of a nutrition questionnaire based on the relationship of energy consumption and body mass index

目的 对西安市中老年女性膳食营养问卷进行信度和效度研究.方法 采用重复测量和分半法评价膳食营养问卷,检验其重测信度和分半信度;用再测分析法和确立一个效标评价膳食营养问卷,检验其内容效度和效标效度.结果 膳食营养问卷重测、分半结果之间一致性较好,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),3 d膳食营养问卷的重测信度和分半信度超过0.51;问卷的内容效度和效标效度均较高,3 d膳食营养问卷调查结果与效标之间的相关系数为0.562.结论 西安市中老年女性群体3 d膳食营养问卷具有较好的信度和效度,在研究西安市相关人群的肥胖与膳食营养摄入之间关系时,是比较理想的膳食营养评价工具.     

基于能量摄入与体重指数关系的膳食营养问卷的评价

目的对西安市中老年女性膳食营养问卷进行信度和效度研究。方法采用重复测量和分半法评价膳食营养问卷,检验其重测信度和分半信度;用再测分析法和确立一个效标评价膳食营养问卷,检验其内容效度和效标效度。结果膳食营养问卷重测、分半结果之间一致性较好,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,3d膳食营养问卷的重测信度和分半信度超过0．51;问卷的内容效度和效标效度均较高,3d膳食营养问卷调查结果与效标之间的相关系数为0．562。结论西安市中老年女性群体3d膳食营养问卷具有较好的信度和效度,在研究西安市相关人群的肥胖与膳食营养摄入之间关系时,是比较理想的膳食营养评价工具。     

体质指数对单胎初产妇不良妊娠结局的影响

目的探究体质指数(BMI)对单胎初产妇妊娠结局的影响。方法选择2015年4月-2016年4月分娩的162例初产妇为研究对象,按照BMI指数增长情况分为A、B、C 3组,A组为增长过少组,B组为正常增长组,C组为增长过多组。比较各组产妇的妊娠结局相关情况。结果 A组的低体重儿发生率明显高于B组(χ~2=16.342,P=0.000),C组的巨大儿发生率明显高于B组(χ~2=15.982,P=0.000);C组产妇的剖宫产率明显高于B组(χ~2=5.843,P=0.015);C组妊娠高血压和妊娠糖尿病的发生率明显高于B组(χ~2=5.795,P=0.016;χ~2=4.594,P=0.032)。结论 BMI指数增长不足或过多会增加单胎初产妇不良妊娠结局发生率,不利于产妇及胎儿的生命安全,妊娠期间应该保持BMI指数的合理增长。     

Effects of moderate alcohol consumption on the cardiovascular system of male operators

It was established that among male workers of an energy enterprise there were 53.7% of moderate consumers of alcohol, absolute and relative abstainers--respectively 5.4% and 26.4%, regular consumers--14.7%. Alcohol addicts were not revealed. At rest, the pulse arterial pressure (PAP) in operators--moderate consumers of alcohol was by 10.9% lower (P less than 0.005) and was by 16.3% higher (P less than 0.005) than those in the sample group. The heart rate indices were tending to increase both in standing and sitting positions. The diastolic (DAP) and systolic (SAP) arterial pressure levels did not significantly change. In response to a moderate physical load the SAP and PAP indices in alcohol consumers vividly increased as compared with those in the sample group--respectively by 7.2% (P less than 0.005) and 41.4% (P less than 0.005).     

The volume of the liver in patients correlates to body weight and alcohol consumption

The measurement of liver volume has gained practical use inrelation to liver transplantation (Kawasaki et al., 1993). Livervolume may also relate to the many metabolic processes in whichthe liver is engaged (Homeida et al., 1979; Marchesini et al.,1988; Murry et al., 1995; Reichel et al., 1997; Kwo et al.,1998; Andersen et al., 1999). The present study was undertakento measure liver . . . [Full Text of this Article]FOOTNOTESREFERENCES     

Intentional mis-reporting of food consumption and its relationship with body mass index and psychological scores in women

BACKGROUND: The reasons for mis-reporting food consumption warrant investigation. OBJECTIVE: To document intention to mis-report food consumption and its associations with psychological measures in women. DESIGN: A total of 184 female volunteers aged 18-65 years, comprising 50 seeking help in primary care to lose weight with a body mass index (BMI) >/=30 kg m(-2) (obese-clinical group) and 134 nurses (nonclinical groups) (BMI <25 kg m(-2), n = 52; BMI 25-29.9 kg m(-2), n = 45; BMI >/=30 kg m(-2), n = 37) were studied. A questionnaire was administered containing three psychological tests (self-esteem, psychological well-being and Stunkard's three-factor eating questionnaire) and new items to address food intake mis-reporting. RESULTS: Overall, 68% of participants declared an inclination to mis-report (64% nonclinical, 78% clinical). Inclination to under-report was 29, 33 and 51% in the three nonclinical groups; and 46% among the obese clinical patients. Among the same groups, inclination to over-report were 39, 29, 11 and 32%. After adjusting for social deprivation and BMI, women inclined to mis-report had higher hunger (P = 0.008) and disinhibition (P = 0.005) scores than those intending to report accurately. These variables were associated with current dieting, frequency of dieting, self-reported bingeing and dissatisfaction with body weight. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that intentional under-reporting and over-reporting of food consumption are common in women of all BMI categories and are associated with eating behaviour. Current dieting, frequency of dieting in the past, self-reported bingeing and dissatisfaction with body weight seem to mediate this relationship.     

At-home breakfast consumption among New Zealand children: associations with body mass index and related nutrition behaviors

OBJECTIVE: The evidence supporting the relationship between breakfast consumption and body weight is growing, but the mechanisms to explain this relationship are less understood. This study aims to describe the relationship between breakfast consumption and body mass index (BMI) and relevant nutrition behaviors. DESIGN: Cross-section design using the New Zealand's 2002 National Children's Nutrition Survey. Participants were interviewed about their food habits and physical activity, completed a food frequency questionnaire, and were weighed and measured for height. SUBJECTS/SETTING: A nationally representative sample of 3,275 children aged 5 to 14 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Breakfast consumption, BMI, and nutrition behaviors. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: The demographic characteristics of children by breakfast consumption were generated by cross-tabulations. Regression models were used to examine the relationships between breakfast consumption and BMI and nutrition behaviors. RESULTS: Breakfast consumption was most frequent among boys, children aged 5 to 6 years, children aged 7 to 10 years, New Zealand European children, and children from more affluent neighborhoods. Age differences in breakfast consumption increased with socioeconomic deprivation; older children experiencing the most socioeconomic deprivation were the least likely to eat breakfast. Skipping breakfast was associated with a higher BMI (P=0.002). Children who missed breakfast were significantly less likely to meet recommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption (P=0.005) and more likely to be frequent consumers of unhealthy snack foods. No relationship was found between breakfast consumption and physical activity. DISCUSSION: Results from our study suggest that efforts to increase breakfast consumption should be prioritized for older children from more deprived backgrounds. Increasing at home breakfast consumption may limit the amount of unhealthful snack foods children consume later in the day. Schools also have the potential to make a reasonable nutritional impact by providing healthful and affordable breakfast options for children who do not eat breakfast at home.     

Component distributions of body mass index defining moderate and extreme overweight in Danish women and men

Skewness in the distribution of body mass index in a population of Danish men (n = 1,589) and women (n = 1,988) adopted in Copenhagen between 1923 and 1947 can be explained by mixture of three component distributions, after removing age and sex effects. Even when residual skewness was allowed for in component distributions, similar results were obtained. The upper component distributions corresponded to extreme overweight in both women and men. The results indicate that while there are differences in the means and ranges of body mass index in men and women, the component distributions are similar. Both genetic and environmental factors can produce such component distributions. The authors speculate that the underlying predisposition to obesity is distributed similarly in women and men. Finally, on the basis of the component distributions, the authors propose thresholds of body mass index which allow for 85-98 per cent separation of moderate and extreme overweight groups in men and women.