致病性F18大肠杆菌黏附素受体易感性仔猪的体外鉴定

在PCR-RFLP方法分析了不同猪个体FUT1基因M307位点等位基因多态性的基础上，制备M307位点为GG和AG2种类型仔猪小肠上皮细胞分别与表达F18ab菌毛的野生型大肠杆菌、表达F18ac菌毛含fed操纵子全基因的重组大肠杆菌及表面分泌表达F18ab菌毛FedF亚单位的重组大肠杆菌进行体外黏附和黏附抑制试验。结果表明，上述野生菌或重组菌对GG和AG2种基因型的30～35日龄断奶仔猪小肠上皮细胞均具有较好的黏附能力。上述3种大肠杆菌分别与抗F18ab纯菌毛血清、F18ac纯菌毛血清及抗F18ab菌毛FedF亚单位单因子血清作用后．则丢失黏附小肠上皮细胞能力。而GG基因型的3日龄仔猪小肠上皮细胞不能很好的黏附上述野生菌或重组菌．但是可以很好地黏附表达987P菌毛的大肠杆菌。     

苏太猪抗F18+大肠杆菌病基础群FUT1基因多态性及其与生长发育的关联分析

本研究采用PCR-RFLP方法对苏太猪F18+大肠杆菌抗病育种基础群α-(1,2)岩藻糖转移酶基因1（FUT1）M307位点多态性进行了分析,并探讨了其与部分生长发育性能的相关性。苏太猪F18⁺大肠杆菌抗病育种基础群FUT1基因M307位点经Hin6Ⅰ酶切后,产生AA、AG和GG 3种基因型,频率分别为0.235、0.609和0.156,群体极显著的偏离了Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P<0.01)。总体上AA基因型的个体生长发育优于AG和GG基因型的个体,其中AA基因型个体的60 kg体长显著高于AG和GG基因型的个体(P<0.05),断奶重显著高于GG基因型的个体(P<0.05),体高和后躯宽显著高于AG基因型的个体(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,苏太猪抗病育种基础群中FUT1基因第307位点的AA基因型不仅对仔猪断奶后水肿病和腹泻病具有抗性,而且具有较高的早期生长发育性能。     

苏太猪抗F18+大肠杆菌病基础群FUT1基因多态性及其与生长发育的关联分析

本研究采用PCR-RFLP方法对苏太猪F18+大肠杆菌抗病育种基础群α-(1,2)岩藻糖转移酶基因1（FUT1）M307位点多态性进行了分析,并探讨了其与部分生长发育性能的相关性。苏太猪F18⁺大肠杆菌抗病育种基础群FUT1基因M307位点经Hin6Ⅰ酶切后,产生AA、AG和GG 3种基因型,频率分别为0.235、0.609和0.156,群体极显著的偏离了Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P<0.01)。总体上AA基因型的个体生长发育优于AG和GG基因型的个体,其中AA基因型个体的60 kg体长显著高于AG和GG基因型的个体(P<0.05),断奶重显著高于GG基因型的个体(P<0.05),体高和后躯宽显著高于AG基因型的个体(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,苏太猪抗病育种基础群中FUT1基因第307位点的AA基因型不仅对仔猪断奶后水肿病和腹泻病具有抗性,而且具有较高的早期生长发育性能。     

苏太猪FUT1基因M307位点多态性及其对部分免疫指标的遗传效应分析

本研究旨在分析苏太猪抗F18大肠杆菌病育种基础群FUT1基因M307位点对部分免疫指标的遗传效应,为下一步苏太猪抗病育种工作提供一定的理论依据。采用PCR-RFLP方法对苏太猪抗F18大肠杆菌病育种基础群FUT1基因M307多态性进行分析,并探讨其与部分免疫指标的关系。结果表明,基础群中576个个体FUT1基因M307位点经Hin6Ⅰ酶切后,产生AA、AG和GG3种基因型,基因型频率分别为0.235、0.609和0.156,抗性基因A为优势等位基因,频率为0.540;群体显著偏离了Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P0.01)。AA基因型个体的血红蛋白(HGB)和白细胞计数(WTBC)显著高于AG和GG型个体(P0.05),AG和GG型个体间差异不显著(P0.05);AA基因型个体的异嗜性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率(H/L值)显著低于AG和GG型个体(P0.05),AG和GG型个体间差异不显著(P0.05);AA基因型个体与AG和GG型个体间SRBC抗体滴度差异不显著(P0.05)。本试验结果初步说明苏太猪F18抗性型群体具有抗逆性强的优良特性,AA基因型不仅对仔猪断奶后水肿病和腹泻病具有抗性,而且具有较高的一般抗病力。     

军牧1号白猪FUT1基因M307位点多态性研究

肠毒素大肠杆菌F18是引起断奶仔猪腹泻和仔猪水肿病的主要病原菌,α-1岩藻糖转移酶基因FUT1是控制大肠杆菌F18侵染猪小肠的受体蛋白表达的候选基因。采用PCR—RFLP方法对军牧1号白猪FUTl基因M307核苷酸G／A突变位点的多态性进行分析。结果表明,军牧1号白猪FUT1基因M307位点存在3种基因型,分布趋势为AG〉AA〉GG,等位基因A的频率为0．6048,为优势等位基因。X^2适合性检验结果表明,军牧1号白猪FUT1基因在M307位点上呈Hardy—Weinberg平衡状态。研究结果揭示军牧1号白猪有抵抗肠毒素大肠杆菌F18的遗传基础,在军牧1号白猪群体中可以通过标记辅助的方法培育对大肠杆菌F18具有抗性的新品系。     

苏太猪FUT1基因多态性及其与生产性能的关联分析

采用PCR-RFLP方法对苏太猪FUT1基因多态性进行分析。结果表明:苏太猪FUT1基因开放阅读框307位点经Hin6Ⅰ酶切后,产生GG型和AG型,不存在抗性纯合子AA型。分析这两种基因型与苏太猪生产性能间的相关性,结果表明:AG型个体平均生产性能均高于GG型个体,且AG型个体的1胎断奶窝重、2胎断奶窝重、3胎总产仔数和6胎断奶窝重显著(P<0.05)高于GG型个体,对一些生产性状而言,AG型是有益基因型。     

杜洛克猪FUT1基因M229与M307位点多态性及连锁不平衡分析

研究表明,FUT1基因M229和M307位点皆为断奶仔猪抗F18大肠杆菌重要变异位点。本试验采用PCRSSCP和PCR-RFLP方法分别对171头杜洛克猪群体M229和M307位点多态性进行分析,结果表明:M229和M307位点均检测到3种基因型,其中M307位点AA、AG、GG基因型个体数分别为47、100、24头,基因型频率分别为0.275、0.585、0.140,等位基因A为优势基因;M229位点CC、CT、TT基因型个体数分别为90、74、7头;基因型频率分别为0.526、0.433、0.041,等位基因C为优势基因;两种基因型都呈现交叉分布,其中M307位点AA基因型个体中M229位点CC/CT基因型分布较多,TT基因型分布比例较低。通过Haploview软件分析M229和M307位点之间的连锁不平衡水平,结果发现FUT1基因M229和M307位点之间的r2值为0.46,呈现较低连锁不平衡水平。因此,今后在对杜洛克猪抗F18大肠杆菌育种工作中,可以尝试对FUT1基因M307和M229位点同时选育,以期为进一步确证这两个位点的遗传效应及利用其开展抗病育种选育提供一定的试验依据。     

F18大肠杆菌抗性型与敏感型苏太断奶仔猪十二指肠组织比较转录组分析

旨在揭示培育品种—苏太猪(杜洛克×梅山猪)F18大肠杆菌抗性的调控通路和重要候选基因,同时进一步探究中外猪品种F18大肠杆菌抗性调控遗传基础的差异。本研究以课题组前期获得的苏太猪和梅山猪F18大肠杆菌抗性型与敏感型断奶仔猪全同胞个体为研究对象,通过转录组测序筛选苏太猪F18大肠杆菌抗性相关的调控通路以及重要候选基因,并在细胞水平,利用qPCR和Western blot分析F18大肠杆菌刺激小肠上皮细胞IPEC-J2后重要候选基因(蛋白)的表达变化,同时利用qPCR检测重要候选基因在苏太和梅山断奶仔猪F18大肠杆菌抗性型与敏感型个体十二指肠组织中的差异表达情况。结果显示:1)在苏太断奶仔猪F18大肠杆菌抗性型与敏感型个体中筛选出238个差异表达基因,主要参与Toll样受体信号通路(toll-like receptor signaling pathway)和糖脂类通路(glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-lacto and neolacto series),其中TLR5、IL-1β、FUT2为重要候选基因;2)不同血清型F18大肠杆菌(F18ac、F18ab)菌体分别刺激小肠上皮细胞IPEC-J2后,FUT2、IL-1β、TLR5基因mRNA表达水平显著上调(P0.05),并且其蛋白表达水平也表现为明显的上调,由此表明,TLR5、IL-1β和FUT2在断奶仔猪F18大肠杆菌感染过程中发挥重要的调控作用;3)组织差异表达分析显示,TLR5、IL-1β和FUT2在苏太猪抗性型与敏感型个体十二指肠组织中表达差异均达到显著水平(P0.05),而梅山猪中TLR5、IL-1β表达差异达到极显著水平(P0.01),FUT2表达水平差异不显著(P0.05)。结合课题组前期关于梅山猪及外来引进品种F18大肠杆菌抗性相关分子机制研究及报道,本研究进一步证明中外猪品种F18大肠杆菌抗性调控的遗传基础确实存在差异,Toll样受体信号通路及CD14、TLR5等基因可能在中国地方品种—梅山猪抵抗F18大肠杆菌感染过程中发挥着免疫调控作用,而鞘糖脂合成通路及FUT2等基因可能在外来猪品种F18大肠杆菌受体形成过程中起关键作用。     

产志贺毒素样大肠杆菌F18ab菌毛操纵子基因的体外非诱导系统的表达和鉴定

以产志贺毒素样大肠杆菌（SLTEC）F18ab血清型标准菌株107/86基因组DNA为模板,利用PCR技术成功扩增出编码F18ab完整菌毛操纵子fed基因,克隆入表达载体pBR322,经限制性内切酶酶切分析,DNA琼脂糖电泳鉴定并结合序列测定分析,构建和筛选出含fed完整基因正确插入的pBR322-fed重组质粒,将上述重组质粒转化至不含任何菌毛结构的大肠杆菌SE5000,该表达重组菌能分别与兔抗F18ab亚单位蛋白FedF高免血清、鼠抗F18ab菌毛a单因子单克隆抗体、兔抗F18ab菌毛高免血清和抗F18ab菌毛IgG抗体产生明显的凝集反应。用热抽提法分别抽提和纯化SLTEC F18ab标准株107/86和重组菌SE5000（pBR322-fed）体外表达的F18ab菌毛,纯化菌毛经SDS-PAGE电泳和考马斯亮蓝染色获单一相对分子质量约为15 000蛋白条带。Western-blotting结果表明：兔抗F18ab菌毛高免血清能特异性识别SLTEC F18ab标准株107/86和重组菌SE5000（pBR322-fed）所提纯的单一主要结构蛋白。用重组菌SE5000（pBR322-fed）进行易感仔猪小肠上皮细胞体外黏附试验和黏附抑制试验,结果表明：重组菌SE5000（pBR322-fed）和SLTEC F18ab标准株107/86一样具有较强的黏附易感仔猪小肠上皮细胞的能力,而兔抗F18ab菌毛高免血清能有效地抑制上述重组菌SE5000（pBR322-fed）和SLTEC F18ab标准株107/86对易感仔猪小肠上皮细胞的黏附结合。     

猪m6A甲基化酶WTAP基因与F18大肠杆菌感染的关系

本研究旨在探讨猪m⁶A甲基化酶WTAP表达水平与大肠杆菌（E. coli）感染抗性的关系。选取35日龄苏太断奶仔猪（Sus scrofa）大肠杆菌抗性型和敏感型个体各4头,采集十二指肠和空肠组织,利用RT-qPCR检测WTAP在E. coli抗性型和敏感型个体十二指肠、空肠的表达差异,并分别利用产肠毒素大肠杆菌（F18ab、F18ac）刺激和内毒素（LPS）诱导猪小肠上皮细胞（IPEC-J2）,检测WTAP基因的表达变化。同时构建WTAP基因干扰载体并转染IPEC-J2细胞,通过菌毛定量、菌落计数以及间接免疫荧光试验检测该基因沉默对大肠杆菌黏附能力的影响。结果显示：在十二指肠和空肠组织中,WTAP基因在E. coli抗性型个体中的表达量显著高于敏感型个体（P<0.01）;并且在F18ab和F18ac刺激后表达量显著下降,与LPS诱导6 h后结果相一致（P<0.01）。沉默WTAP基因后,大肠杆菌黏附能力极显著上升（P<0.01）。本研究在细胞和个体水平上验证发现,m⁶A甲基转移酶WTAP的高表达可能有助于仔猪抗大肠杆菌感染,为进一步揭示仔猪抗大肠杆菌感染的RNA甲基化调控机制奠定基础。     

杜洛克FUT1基因多态性及其与产仔性能的关联分析

采用PCR-RFLP方法对杜洛克FUT1基因多态性进行分析。结果发现:杜洛克FUT1基因开放阅读框307位点经Hin6Ⅰ酶切后,检测到AA、AG和GG3种基因型,AA基因型的频率为0.157,A基因的频率为0.353。分析这3种基因型与杜洛克产仔性能间的关联性。结果表明:抗性纯合子AA基因型的个体1～5胎每个胎次的产仔数均值均高于AG和GG基因型,且第1胎和第4胎的产仔数均值显著高于AG和GG基因型(P<0.05),AA基因型对产仔性能而言是有益基因型。     

Genetic variation at the alpha‐1‐fucosyltransferase (FUT1) gene in Asian wild boar and Chinese and Western commercial pig breeds

Escherichia coli F18 bacteria producing enterotoxins and/or shigatoxin (ETEC/STEC) are main pathogens that cause oedema disease and postweaning diarrhoea in piglets, and alpha‐1‐fucosyltransferase (FUT1) gene has been identified as a candidate gene for controlling the expression of ETEC F18 receptor. The genetic variations at nucleotide position 307 in open reading frame of FUT1 gene in one wild boar breed and 20 western commercial and Chinese native pig breeds were investigated by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism. The results showed that the genetic polymorphisms of the FUT1 locus were only detected in western pig breeds and the Chinese Taihu (including Meishan pig, Fengjing pig and Erhualian pig), Huai and Lingao pig breeds; only Duroc and Pietrain possessed the resistant AA genotype, while the wild boar and other Chinese pig breeds only presented the susceptible genotype GG. The results indicated that Chinese native pig breeds lack genetic factors providing resistance to ETEC F18 bacteria. The resistant allele to ETEC F18 might originate from European wild boar. It was inferred that oedema and postweaning diarrhoea caused by ETEC F18 have close relationship with the growth rate, which can explain why on the contrary Chinese native pig breeds have stronger resistance to oedema and postweaning diarrhoea in piglets compared with western pig breeds.     

The age-dependent expression of the F18+ E. coli receptor on porcine gut epithelial cells is positively correlated with the presence of histo-blood group antigens

F18(+)Escherichia coli have the ability to colonize the gut and cause oedema disease or post-weaning diarrhoea by adhering to specific F18 receptors (F18R) on the porcine epithelium. Although it is well established that a DNA polymorphism on base pair 307 of the FUT1 gene, encoding an alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase, accounts for the F18R phenotype, the F18R nature is not elucidated yet. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between the presence of H-2 histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) or its derivative A-2 HBGAs on the porcine gut epithelium and F18(+)E. coli adherence. A significant positive correlation was found between expression of both the H-2 (r=0.586, P<0.01) and A-2 (r=0.775, P<0.01) HBGAs and F18(+)E. coli adherence after examination of 74 pigs aged from 0 to 23 weeks. The majority of the genetically resistant pigs (FUT1M307(A/A)) showed no HBGA expression (91.7%) and no F18(+)E. coli adherence (83.3%). In addition, it was found that F18R expression levels rise with increasing age during the first 3 weeks after birth and that F18R expression is maintained in older pigs (3-23 weeks old). Taken together, these data suggest that, apart from H-2 HBGAs, A-2 HBGAs might be involved in F18(+)E. coli adherence.     

High frequency of M307a mutation at FUT1 locus, causing resistance to oedema disease, in an autochtonous polish pig breed, the zlotnicka spotted

Oedema disease and post-weaning diarrhoea (enteric colibacillosis) occur in pigs aged 4–12 weeks, and are responsible for considerable economic losses (B ertschinger et al. 1992). The typical clinical symptoms of oedema disease are neurological signs such as ataxia, convulsions and paralysis. At post-mortem examination, oedema is typically present at characteristic sites such as eyelids and forehead, stomach wall and mesocolon. The occurrence of these illnesses in the whole population is quite high, about 15%, and the mortality among the sick animals is about 90% (N ielsen 1986). The disease is associated with the colonization of the small intestine with toxigenic Escherichia coli strains of a limited number of serotypes: O138, O139, O141, O147, O157, O16, O108 (B ertschinger et al. 1990; W ittig et al. 1994; R ippinger et al. 1995). It was revealed that E. coli strain 107/86 (serotype: O139:K12), forms fimbriae which adhere in vitro to cells isolated from small intestine epithelium (B ertschinger et al. 1990). Genetic studies revealed that susceptibility to colonization by an Escherichia coli strain with fimbriae F18 is controlled by a dominant allele, and the resistance to colonization by a recessive allele (B ertschinger et al. 1993). The gene locus for E. coli F18 receptor (ECF18R) has been mapped to the porcine chromosome 6 (V& ouml ; geli et al. 1996). Following this finding, M eijerink et al. (1997) have cloned the α(1,2)-fucosyltransferase genes FUT1, FUT2 and the pseudogene FUT2P. Sequencing of the FUT1 gene in swine resistant to adhesion by F18 fimbriated E. coli revealed a transition (G → A) at 307 bp position (M307). Thus, the M307^A allele was considered as a good marker for the selection of resistant animals (M eijerink et al. 1997; V& ouml ; geli et al. 1997). The main purpose of this paper was the recognition of the mutation in four Polish pig breeds, namely Polish Large White, Polish Landrace, Zlotnicka White and autochtonous Zlotnicka Spotted.