胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤血管内支架介入治疗

目的探讨腔内隔绝术（EVGE）治疗胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤（TAD）的技术和方法。资料与方法TAD55例,支架为记忆合金自膨支架和超薄涤纶人工血管的复合体,直径根据螺旋CT血管造影（CTA）和主动脉数字减影血管造影（DSA）确定。在DSA引导下沿导丝经真腔将该复合体封闭内膜破口和假腔。结果55例共置入63个支架,其中置入1个支架48例,2个支架6例,3个支架1例。内漏9例。术中死亡1例,54例术后康复良好。手术后CT随访。结论术前准确影像学评价,选择适当口径、长度的支架和术中准确定位夹层裂口和正确判断夹层真、假腔是EVGE治疗成功的关键。肠系膜上动脉、肾动脉受累并不是绝对禁忌症。EVGE创伤小,安全度高,是当前治疗TAD的新颖、高效、首选的介入治疗方法。     

主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内修复术围手术期护理

目的：总结腔内修复术治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤的护理经验。方法：根据主动脉瘤及腔内修复术的特点,对7例行此手术的患者进行基础护理、心理护理、心肺脑监护、血压控制、发热护理、器官供血状况及下肢动脉栓塞的观察和出院指导。结果：手术均获成功,无内漏,无手术死亡,未发生肾功能衰竭及截瘫。7例术后均有不同程度的发热,经及时治疗和护理恢复良好。结论：腔内修复术精心和专业的围手术期观察护理是提高手术疗效的有效保证。     

血管腔内隔绝术治疗降主动脉夹层动脉瘤6例

主动脉夹层动脉瘤为凶险的疾病。传统的治疗方法为主动脉人工血管置换，创伤大，死亡率、并发症都较高。应用人造血管覆膜支架进行血管腔内隔绝术治疗为一种较新的治疗手段。我院于2003—09～2006—03，行腔内隔绝术治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤6例，报告如下。     

主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内修复术围手术期护理体会

目的：总结腔内修复术治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤的护理经验。方法：根据主动脉瘤及腔内修复术的特点,对7例行此手术的患者进行基础护理、心理护理、心肺脑监护、血压控制、发热护理、器官供血状况及下肢动脉栓塞的观察和出院指导。结果：手术均获成功,无内漏,无手术死亡,未发生肾功能衰竭及截瘫。7例术后均有不同程度的发热,经及时治疗和护理恢复良好。结论：腔内修复术精心和专业的围手术期观察护理是提高手术疗效的有效保证。     

StanfordB型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的微创腔内治疗

为探讨腔内隔绝术治疗StanfordB型主动脉夹层动脉瘤适应证的选择及并发症的防治原则,回顾了1998年至2000年对32例StanfordB型主动脉夹层动脉瘤实施的微创腔内隔绝术（即经股动脉将支架－人造血管复合移植导入主动脉封闭夹层裂口）。移植物均为直型,长度95－130mm,口径28－40mm。手术操作成功率100％。术后死亡1例,其余无心、肺、肾及截瘫等严重并发症,说明腔内隔绝术治疗StanfordB型主动脉夹层动脉瘤安全、有效,为治疗为病的首选方法。     

内覆膜支架治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤的观察护理

覆膜支架人工血管置入治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤是近几年开展的最新方法 ,我院应用该方法治疗ＤｅＢａｋｅｙⅢ主动脉夹层动脉瘤 3例 ,现将治疗观察及护理体会报告如下。1　材料与方法　　 3例患者的临床资料见表 1。经加强ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ检查确诊为ＤｅＢａｋｅｙⅢ型后 ,经过精确测量 ,选择不同长度的进口支架型人工血管及导送器 ,操作在导管室Ｘ线监视下进行。3例患者均给予全麻 ,监测生命体征。首先经左例肱动脉穿刺插管至升主动脉造影 ,再次确定破口位置 ,在直视下进行右股动脉穿刺 ,将带支架型人工血管的导送器用肝素水排净气体后 ,沿导丝缓…     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术学习曲线分析

目的 探讨介入医师对Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者实施胸主动脉夹层腔内修复术(TEVAR)的学习曲线.方法 回顾性分析10年间由同一组介入医师完成的70例B型主动脉夹层TEVAR术,按手术先后次序分为A、B、C、D、E共5组,每组14例.比较各组手术时间、手术相关并发症、术后住院时间,分析不同阶段手术效果.结果 5组患者年龄、性别、分型、伴高血压、伴糖尿病、吸烟史、假腔最大直径、假腔灌注的内脏动脉及其它疾病特征比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).手术时间在A、B组分别为(3.29±0.61)h、(2.87±0.37) h(P＜0.05),在C、D、E组分别为(1.80±0.62)h、(1.74±0.34)h、(1.52±0.39)h (P＞0.05),A、B组手术时间显著长于C、D、E组(P＜0.001).5组患者手术相关并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),住院时间逐渐缩短,但无统计学意义(P＞0.05).A、B组28例手术分别在6.2年、2年内完成,手术频度分别为每年3.3例、7例;B、C、D组42例手术分别在2.2年、1.2年、0.8年内完成,手术频度分别为每年6.4例、11.7例、17.5例.结论 B型主动脉夹层TEVAR术学习曲线约为28例,介入医师在每年平均4.6例手术频度下完成28例手术后手术时间明显缩短,介入医师团队手术技术明显进步.     

胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后内漏的评估

32例StanfordB型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者接受了腔内隔绝术,术中发现内漏4例,即时腔内方式治愈3例,自愈1例;术后迟发型内漏1例。内漏的发生与多种因素有关,术中DSA及术后螺旋CT是发现内漏的有效方法;发生内漏后主张尽快以腔内方式治疗;小量内漏可自愈;迟发型内漏的治疗及转归有待继续讨论。     

血管腔内隔绝术治疗降主动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的：探讨血管腔内隔绝术治疗降主动脉夹层动脉瘤的技术方法和疗效。方法：对10例降主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者的临床资料进行分析,其中2例为DeBakeyШa型,8例为DeBakeyШb型。1例夹层动脉瘤仅累及腹主动脉,合并真性动脉瘤。影像学资料显示全组有3例在不同部位有2个以上撕裂口。结果：1例腹主动脉混合型动脉瘤按腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术进行,2例将人工带膜支架封闭左锁骨下动脉口,另7例均顺利进行主动脉腔内隔绝术。随访2~16个月,全部病例均存活。结论：血管腔内置入带膜支架型人工血管是治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤的简便、安全、有效的方法。     

胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术的术中配合与护理

目的：探讨胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤的术中配合、护理措施及预防并发症发生的方法。方法：对46例接受覆膜支架腔内隔绝术的患者进行回顾性分析,包括术前准备、术中配合与监护,并针对各自的并发症实施相应的预防护理对策。结果：46例患者介入手术成功率100%,支架放置后即时造影显示3例移植物近端微量渗漏,未做处理,术中无其他并发症发生,46例患者均于术后1～3周出院,术后1个月复查时发现1例患者移植物近端仍有微量内漏,即在移植物近端漏口处又放置1个直筒覆膜支架,即刻造影显示内漏消失。结论：通过准确的术前决策,充分的术前准备,术中娴熟的操作技术配合及严密监护,对发生的异常情况进行分析并迅速采取护理措施,是手术顺利进行、减少并发症和提高手术成功率的重要保证。     

带膜支架治疗胸主动脉夹层和真性动脉瘤的经验分析

目的探讨血管腔内治疗主动脉夹层和真性动脉瘤的技术方法和疗效。方法24例主动脉夹层和(或)真性动脉瘤患者的临床资料进行分析。StanfordB型23例,4例在不同部位有2个以上撕裂口。真性动脉瘤1例。全组均以带膜支架型人工血管腔内植入行隔绝术。结果除2例患者术后出现内漏外,其余患者带膜支架植入后破口完全封闭。真腔血流恢复正常。手术成功率100%,无术中转开胸手术,无截瘫及瘤体破裂等严重并发症,无围手术期死亡。随访1~20个月,24例均经螺旋CT增强扫描和5例DSA复查,证实无支架移位等严重并发症发生,原2例内漏患者术后2个月后复查DSA,内漏均消失。结论带膜支架腔内置入治疗胸主动脉StanfordB型夹层动脉瘤和真性动脉瘤具有技术可靠,创伤小,术后恢复快,手术死亡率低,手术成功率高和生存率高的优点,尤其在亚急性期或慢性期的夹层动脉瘤均应为首选的治疗方法。     

Effectiveness of Intra-Arterial Aneurysm Sac Embolization for Type Ia Endoleak after Endovascular Aneurysm Repair

Purpose

To evaluate the effectiveness and durability of intra-arterial aneurysm sac embolization for the treatment of type Ia endoleak after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR).

Outcomes over Time in Patients with Hostile Neck Anatomy Undergoing Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Purpose

To assess differences in outcome in an early and later time period in patients with hostile neck anatomy who underwent endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR).

Short-term and Midterm Results of Fenestrated Anaconda Endograft in Patients with Previous Endovascular Aneurysm Repair

Purpose

To review short-term and midterm results of the fenestrated Anaconda stent graft in management of patients with pre-existing endovascular aortic stent graft and persistent type 1a endoleak.

Percutaneous Transabdominal Approach for the Treatment of Endoleaks after Endovascular Repair of Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility and clinical efficacy of percutaneous transabdominal treatment of endoleaks after endovascular aneurysm repair.

Materials and Methods

Between 2000 and 2007, six patients with type I (n = 4) or II (n = 2) endoleaks were treated by the percutaneous transabdominal approach using embolization with N-butyl cyanoacrylate with or without coils. Five patients underwent a single session and one patient had two sessions of embolization. The median time between aneurysm repair and endoleak treatment was 25.5 months (range: 0-84 months). Follow-up CT images were evaluated for changes in the size and shape of the aneurysm sac and presence or resolution of endoleaks. The median follow-up after endoleak treatment was 16.4 months (range: 0-37 months)

Results

Technical success was achieved in all six patients. Clinical success was achieved in four patients with complete resolution of the endoleak confirmed by follow-up CT. Clinical failure was observed in two patients. One eventually underwent surgical conversion, and the other was lost to follow-up. There were no procedure-related complications.

Conclusion

The percutaneous transabdominal approach for the treatment of type I or II endoleaks, after endovascular aneurysm repair, is an alternative method when conventional endovascular methods have failed.     

Endovascular Treatment of Complex Aneurysms with the Use of Covera Stent Grafts

PurposeTo characterize the short-term results of a newly available self-expanding covered stent (Covera; CR Bard Peripheral Vascular Inc., Murray Hill, New Jersey) for the reconstruction of target vessels in complex aneurysms.Materials and MethodsFrom August 2017 to November 2018, this self-expanding covered stent was used in 17 patients (mean 72.6 ± 7.6 years of age) during endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) with hypogastric preservation (11.8%), branched EVAR (29.4%), fenestrated (F)-EVAR (17.6%), chimney + F-EVAR (11.8%), or chimney EVAR (29.4%). In more than 48 stented arteries (2.8 ± 1.1/patient), 25 were preserved using this self-expanding covered stent.ResultsAll target vessels were successfully preserved. There was no 30-day mortality and 1 in-hospital death. Intraoperative aneurysm exclusion was successful in 14 patients (82.4%) with a perioperative technical success rate of 82.4%. The actuarial survival rate was 93.8% at 6 months and 85.9% at 12 months. Aneurysm sac regression of >5 mm was observed in 4 cases (23.5%), and the sac remained stable in the remaining patients (13 cases [76.5%]). At 12 months, the primary clinical success rate was 76.5%, and assisted primary clinical success rate was 82.4%. No type 3 endoleak was related to a disruption of the reconstruction with the self-expanding covered stent.ConclusionsThis new self-expanding covered stent provides good short-term patency in chimneys, branches, or fenestrations. Larger series with long-term follow-up are required to determine if the stent can sustain the mechanical stress to which it will be submitted in these repairs.     

Retrograde Branched Endovascular Repair as a Feasible Option to Treat Complex Aortic Aneurysm Using the Retrograde Branched Extension Limb Assembling Technique

PurposeTo present the primary experiences in treating suprarenal aneurysms, juxtarenal aneurysms, thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms, and aneurysms after dissection with hostile anatomical features using the retrograde branched extension limb assembling (REBEL) technique.Materials and MethodsThe study included 23 consecutive patients undergoing total endovascular repair with the REBEL technique from August 2014 to January 2019. Twelve patients had abdominal aortic aneurysms (4 juxtarenal, 8 suprarenal), 6 had thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (type IV), and 5 had postdissection aneurysms. The patients were unsuitable for treatment with current off-the-shelf devices or required emergent repair. The evaluated outcomes were technical success, operative mortality, complication morbidity, late survival, endoleakage, and reintervention during follow-up.ResultsTechnical success rate was 100%. In total, 60 visceral vessels were targeted (38 renal arteries, 1 accessory renal artery, 14 superior arteries, and 7 celiac arteries). The mean follow-up period was 20.1 ± 15.1 months (range 2–56), and no aneurysm-related mortality occurred during follow-up. No occlusion of target vessels occurred. Two type II endoleaks and 1 stent migration occurred in 3 (13.0%) patients, and reinterventions were successfully performed. One patient (4.3%) died of myocardial infarction at 38 months.ConclusionsThe REBEL technique is a feasible option with acceptable results for complex aortic aneurysms. Long-term follow-up of a large sample size is needed to determine the efficacy and durability of this novel technique.     

Percutaneous Axillary Artery Access in Complex Endovascular Aortic Repair

PurposeThis study was designed to assess the feasibility and safety of percutaneous axillary access in complex endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) with use of a percutaneous closure device.Materials and MethodsAll patients undergoing percutaneous axillary artery access between 2012 and 2017 were included. Left percutaneous axillary access was the sole antegrade aortic approach used. Patient and intervention characteristics were documented. Mortality, procedural success, technical success, peri- and postoperative complications, and repeat interventions were examined. A total of 25 percutaneous axillary access procedures were performed in 23 patients. The mean age of the treated patients was 72.2 years, and 71% were male. Percutaneous axillary access was obtained for a variety of indications (chimney EVAR, thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair, thoracic EVAR, and type B dissections). Vascular access sheath sizes ranged from 6 F to 12 F.ResultsThe procedural success rate was 96%. Technical success of vascular closure was 100%. The perioperative access complication rate was 8%: 1 dissection of the axillary artery and 1 stenosis occurred. No hematoma, hemorrhage, or neuropathies were seen. One access-related repeat intervention had to be performed. The 30-d mortality rate was 4%.ConclusionsDirect puncture and percutaneous closure of the axillary artery for complex aortic procedures is safe and feasible.     

Matrix可脱弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的临床应用

目的探讨Matrix可脱弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的临床价值。方法对56例共61个颅内动脉瘤施行血管内Matrix可脱弹簧圈栓塞治疗,4例宽颈动脉瘤和2例梭形动脉瘤采用Neuroform支架结合Matrix可脱弹簧圈栓塞治疗。结果应用Matrix可脱弹簧圈栓塞成功53例58个动脉瘤,占95.1%;3例因严重血管痉挛导致微导管无法到位而实施动脉瘤夹闭术;2例弹簧圈尾端残留于载瘤动脉,但未导致临床后果;无死亡及严重并发症;53例随访3～12个月无再次出血和并发症。结论Matrix可脱弹簧圈可有效栓塞颅内各部位动脉瘤,术中有明显的促进动脉瘤腔内形成血栓的作用,可以防止再次破裂出血。     

Endovascular Therapy of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Mid- and Long-Term Results

As an alternative to open aneurysm repair, emergency endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) has emerged as a promising technique for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) within the last decade. The aim of this retrospective study is to present early and late outcomes of patients treated with EVAR for rAAA. Twenty-two patients (5 women, 17 men; mean age, 74 years) underwent EVAR for rAAA between November 2000 and April 2006. Diagnostic multislice computed tomography angiography was performed prior to stent-graft repair to evaluate anatomical characteristics and for follow-up examinations. Periprocedural patient characteristics and technical settings were evaluated. Mortality rates, hospital stay, and early and late complications, within a mean follow-up time of 744 ± 480 days, were also assessed. Eight of 22 patients were hemodynamically unstable at admission. Stent-graft insertion was successful in all patients. The total early complication rate was 54%, resulting in a 30-day mortality rate of 23%. The median intensive care unit stay was 2 days (range, 2–48 days), and the median hospital stay was 16 days (range, 9–210 days). During the follow-up period, three patients suffered from stent-graft-related complications. The overall mortality rate in our study group was 36%. EVAR is an acceptable, minimally invasive treatment option in patients with acute rAAA, independent of the patient’s general condition. Short- and long-term outcomes are definitely comparable to those with open surgical repair procedures.