成人轻度骨性Ⅲ类错牙合不同拔牙模式矫治的侧貌分析

目的：比较不同拔牙模式矫治的轻度骨性Ⅲ类错牙合成人患者的侧貌变化。方法：选择40例诊断为设计拔除4个前磨牙或第三磨牙矫治的轻度骨性III类错牙合的成人病例,分为两组,每组各20例。用头影测量分析法比较矫治前后的变化以及软硬组织的相关性。结果：拔除前磨牙组变化主要在于内收上下前牙。拔除第三磨牙组在于唇倾上前牙,软组织改变分别是内收下唇和唇倾上唇代偿（P<0．05）。软硬组织的变化具有一定相关性（P<0．05）。结论：不同拔牙模式对轻度骨性Ⅲ类错牙合患者矫治后侧貌的改变是有差别的,但在一定程度上都能改善凹面型和颏部形态。     

上颌拔牙矫治对骨性Ⅲ类错牙合畸形正颌术前牙弓宽度影响研究

目的 评价骨性Ⅲ类错牙合畸形患者正颌术前正畸治疗中拔除与不拔除上颌第一前磨牙对牙弓横向宽度的影响,为是否在术前正畸中拔除上颌前磨牙提供一个参考指标。方法 选择2007年1月至2012年7月在大连市口腔医院接受正畸-正颌联合治疗的骨性Ⅲ类错牙合畸形患者28例,其中12例术前正畸采取拔牙矫治（拔牙组）,16例采取不拔牙矫治（非拔牙组）。对两组病例正畸治疗前后的模型进行牙弓宽度对比研究。结果 经过术前正畸治疗,拔牙组较非拔牙组的上颌后段牙弓宽度减小明显,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;拔牙组与非拔牙组的下颌牙弓中段及后段宽度均有增加,但两组差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 在骨性Ⅲ类错牙合畸形的正畸-正颌外科联合治疗中,拔除上颌第一前磨牙有利于术前正畸有效去除后牙代偿,协调上下牙弓间横向关系,为正颌手术创建良好条件。     

单颌和双颌拔牙矫治成人骨性Ⅱ类1分类错（牙合）疗效比较

目的比较上颌单颌拔牙与双颌拔牙矫治骨性Ⅱ类1分类错胎患者的软硬组织变化,探讨掩饰性治疗成人骨性Ⅱ类错[牙合]的合适方案。方法成人骨性Ⅱ类1分类错[牙合]患者20例,单颌拔牙组18例上颁拔除两个第一前磨牙;双颌拔牙组10例上颌拔除两个第一前磨牙、下颌拔除两个第二前磨牙,将矫治前后的X线头影测量结果进行对比研究。结果矫治前后两组的U1-FH,U1-AP、H角均明显减小,UL-E、LL-E距离均明显缩小;Z角均明显增大,且差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两种拔牙模式L1-MP．LL-E、U1-L1、U1-FH、U1-AP的变化量差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;UL-E变化差异无统计学意义（t=0.80,P=0．430）。治疗前,单颌拔牙组FMA,LL—E较双颌拔牙组小。结论两种拔牙矫治方法均能达到内收前牙、改善软组织侧貌的治疗目的,但双颌拔牙方案矫治效果更好;临床应用中应根据主诉及具体情况选择好适应证。     

轻中度骨性Ⅲ类错牙合矫治后牙牙合关系的PAR指数评价

目的比较轻中度骨性Ⅲ类错牙合畸形拔牙矫治和非拔牙矫治的牙牙合矫治效果。方法测量80例矫治完成的轻中度骨性Ⅲ类错牙合患者治疗前后模型的PAR指数,并进行比较。结果两组治疗前,牙齿错位、咬合关系和覆盖的PAR指数有显著性,P<0.05;2组治疗后,牙齿错位与中线差异有显著性,P<0.05;治疗前后PAR减少的百分率中,牙齿错位、咬合关系项目差异有显著性,P<0.05。结论PAR分值能反映错牙合严重程度,拔牙病例的错牙合主要在牙齿错位、覆盖、中线不调方面较非拔牙病例重。拔牙矫治更有利于牙齿错位的调整。     

骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]前牙去代偿若干问题的探讨

骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]是临床上常见的错[牙合]畸形,严重的骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]需要通过正颌正畸联合治疗达到矫正目标。术前正畸去代偿是其中的关键步骤之一。本文拟从术前正畸阶段上下前牙去代偿的目的及意义;临床过程中存在的问题及原因分析;对应的解决方法及展望做一综述,阐述骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]前牙去代偿对正颌手术效果的影响。     

上颌单颌拔牙与双颌拔牙矫治安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合)的软硬组织对比研究

目的探讨上颌单颌拔牙与双颌拔牙矫治安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合)的软硬组织改变的差异.方法选择安氏Ⅱ类1分类患者33例,其中上颌拔除2个前磨牙(甲组)18例,双颌拔除4个前磨牙(乙组)15例,应用X线头影测量技术对其矫治前后的软硬组织的变化进行测量,分析其测量结果.结果两组SNA、SNB、ANB矫治前后的变化无明显差异.乙组上切牙内收与上唇的变化更为显著,颏前点明显前移,下唇凸度明显减小,乙组面型突度变较甲组更为显著.结论上颌单颌拔牙适用于下唇和下切牙凸度小、下颌无拥挤或轻度拥挤的轻中度骨性和牙源性的安氏Ⅱ类1分类患者;双颌拔牙适用于中重度拥挤的中度骨性和牙源性的安氏Ⅱ类1分类患者.     

骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)正颌术后侧貌预测及评价

目的:预测骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)患者双颌术后侧貌,经审美评分,确定侧貌美观度,为手术方案设计提供参考. 方法:选择重庆医科大学口腔医院正畸科骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)患者1例,以 Photoshop CS4模拟患者术后侧貌,以Andrews美学理论二要素设计上颌硬组织前徙位置,以中国人软组织面型角设计下颌骨后退位置,预测出侧貌标准图P1.在P1上分别矢状向移动B’点及Pog’点±1、±2、±3、±5、±7 mm,获得20幅面型图,随机排列,由专业组、非专业组共128人评分;采用SPSS13.0软件包中的Wilcoxon秩和检验比较21幅预测图得分及2个评价组是否有差异.结果:21幅侧貌图得分具有显著差异(P＜0.05).被认为美观的侧貌得分由高至低:分别为图D3、D2、D1 、B1 、A1 、P1 、C1 、A2、B2;被认为不能接受的侧貌图依次为:图C5 、B5 、C4 、A5.专业组及非专业组的审美评分无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论:人们对侧貌美观度的认知不同,直面型最美观,其次是下颌或颏部稍后缩的面型,而下颌或颏部严重前突或后缩被认为是很不美观且不能为人接受.     

成人骨性Ⅲ类错牙合患者正畸去代偿前后下切牙区牙槽骨形态特征的CBCT研究

目的比较正畸去代偿前后严重的成人骨性Ⅲ类错牙合患者下切牙区牙槽骨形态变化情况。方法对15例接受正畸-正颌联合治疗的严重成人骨性Ⅲ类错牙合患者(男9例,女6例,平均年龄23.6岁),分别在治疗前(T0期)和正颌手术前1个月(T1期)进行CBCT摄片。分别测量正畸前及术前正畸结束时下切牙区牙槽骨形态,包括牙槽骨厚度、牙槽骨附着高度、牙根长度等指标。相关数据采用SPSS15.0统计软件进行配对t检验。结果正畸去代偿前后的比较结果显示:1正畸去代偿以后下切牙唇倾度增大,根尖点距舌侧骨皮质距离变小(P<0.01);2牙槽骨厚度未见明显改变;3唇舌侧牙槽骨附着高度矫治后均有降低,尤其是舌侧牙槽骨附着高度降低显著(P<0.01);4牙根长度测量未见明显改变。当下切牙进行较大范围的唇向倾斜运动时,牙根向舌侧骨皮质靠近,牙槽骨附着高度进一步降低。结论在成人骨性Ⅲ类错牙合的矫治中,由于需要在不良的牙槽骨形态中移动下切牙,必须密切关注其牙周组织状况、牙槽骨形态变化以及牙根与牙槽骨的关系,选择恰当的矫治方案,减少下切牙过度地唇舌向移动,避免不良反应的发生。     

正畸拔牙联合正颌手术矫治严重骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形

一、病例摘要患者 男,17岁。主诉：因地包天求治。患者乳牙胎期即出现前牙反[牙合],但未行治疗,家族中无类似错黯情况,全身状况良好。     

应用面罩式前方牵引器矫治骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)对侧貌的影响

目的:评价面罩式前方牵引器矫治骨性Ⅲ类错牙合的效果.方法:对19例骨性Ⅲ类错牙合病例,采用面罩式前方牵引器进行矫治,对矫治前后X线头影测量结果进行分析.结果:治疗后SNA平均增加1.30°±0.78°,ANB平均增加3.51°±1.87°,SND平均减小2.51°±1.83°,NA-pgA平均增加6.41°±3.13°.结论:面罩式前方牵引矫治器促进上颌骨向前发育,抑制下颌骨向前发育,可以有效改善侧貌外形.     

骨种植钉前牵引对骨性Ⅲ类错患者软硬组织侧貌的影响

目的研究采用骨种植钉前牵引对骨性Ⅲ类错患者软、硬组织侧貌的改变。方法选取18例需行前牵引矫治的生长发育期骨性Ⅲ类错患者,采用双侧上颌颧牙槽嵴植入骨种植钉配合面框式前牵引,平均治疗时间为9个月,力值为（3.5±0.1）N。治疗前后头影测量采用Legan&Burstone软组织分析法以及相关硬组织测量,分析比较患者治疗前后软、硬组织变化情况。结果所有患者Ⅲ类错均得到改善,鼻底趋于丰满,颏部顺时针旋转,侧貌由凹面型变为直面型,下唇突度减小,软组织上下面高比、鼻唇角、上唇突度及颏唇沟深度无明显变化。上前牙无明显变化,下前牙舌倾,上颌骨向前生长,A点前移,SNA、ANB增大;SNB减小,下颌骨顺时针旋转。结论骨种植钉前牵引可促进上颌生长,使面中份丰满,且对上颌前牙轴倾度无影响,从而纠正骨性Ⅲ类错。     

多曲方丝弓技术矫治恒牙期骨性Ⅲ类错的颌面变化

目的　对比多曲方丝弓(MEAW)技术矫治恒牙期骨性Ⅲ类错畸形前后患者颌面变化,了解MEAW技术矫治恒牙期骨性Ⅲ类错畸形的机理。方法　选用0·46 mm×0·64 mm的托槽系统治疗骨性恒牙期Ⅲ类错畸形患者15例。测量矫治前后患者的正中位定位X线头颅侧位片并进行比较。结果　L6-Xi减少2·87 mm, L6/MP增大8·60°,L1-Xi减少2·60 mm,OP/MP增大约2·33°。颌骨变化较小。软组织的变化无统计学意义。结论　 ①MEAW矫治恒牙期骨性Ⅲ类错畸形,主要是通过牙齿的移动和牙槽骨的改变而完成的,骨组织及软组织变化是有限的。②MEAW纠正反,首先是由于磨牙的明显直立、远中移动,使磨牙关系得到明显改善,为下前牙舌向移动提供了宝贵的间隙。③下前牙在舌向移动与倾斜同时略有升高,平面变平。     

Structural and functional changes of nasal cavity and maxillary sinus in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion 1 year after bimaxillary surgery

Purpose

This study aimed to analyse changes in the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus structure and function in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion 1 year after bimaxillary surgery.

Materials and Methods

In this study, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 20 patients (10 men and 10 women; mean age 24.3 ± 3.4 years) with skeletal class III malocclusion who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split osteotomy were obtained before and 1 year after the surgery. CBCT data were stored opened with element 3D (E3D) to establish a nasal airway model (the paranasal sinus includes only the maxillary sinus). Ansys (ANSYS) software is used for simulation and analysis.

Results

The maxillary sinus and nasal cavity volumes decreased significantly 1 year after the surgery. After surgery, the volume of nasal cavity decreased by 13.5%, and the average volume of maxillary sinus decreased by 7.8%. There was no significant difference in the degree of deviation of the septum and nasal cavity resistance, and air distribution in the maxillary sinus did not change. The nasal cavity wall shear stress change was similar to that before surgery.

Conclusions

The maxillary sinus volume and nasal cavity volume of patients with skeletal class III malocclusion changed significantly after bimaxillary surgery, but there was no significant change in nasal ventilation function 1 year after surgery.     

Comparison of cost-effectiveness and benefits of surgery-first versus orthodontics-first orthognathic correction of skeletal class III malocclusion

The aim of this study was to compare the costs and benefits of surgery-first (SF) and orthodontics-first (OF) approaches in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion. This retrospective study recruited 54 patients who received combined orthognathic–orthodontic treatment via SF or OF approach. Data collected included orthodontic time, operating time, hospital stay, and detailed expenditures. Effectiveness was defined as quality of life, assessed by Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ-22) before and 1 year after treatment. Cost-effectiveness was measured by incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and incremental time-effectiveness ratio (ITER). The duration of SF was shorter than that of OF, due to a reduced orthodontic time (P = 0.003). The operating time was longer with SF than with OF (P = 0.015). There was no significant difference in hospital stay (P = 0.868), cost of hospitalization (P = 0.924) or orthodontics (P = 0.171), or OQLQ score (P = 0.41) between the two approaches. Cost-effectiveness analyses revealed a reduction in cost of US$ 6.43/OQLQ point and reduction in time of 8.60 months/OQLQ point gained by SF versus OF. The study findings revealed that the total treatment time was significantly shorter with SF than with OF, although the two approaches did not differ significantly in terms of total cost (P = 0.979). Further studies on the cost-effectiveness of the two approaches in different healthcare systems across diverse countries are warranted.     

Genetic architecture of non-syndromic skeletal class III malocclusion

Non-syndromic skeletal Class III malocclusion is a major craniofacial disorder characterized by genetic and environmental factors. Patients with severe skeletal Class III malocclusion require orthognathic surgery to obtain aesthetic facial appearance and functional occlusion. Recent studies have demonstrated that susceptible chromosomal regions and genetic variants of candidate genes play important roles in the etiology of skeletal Class III malocclusion. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of our current understanding of the genetic factors that affect non-syndromic skeletal Class III malocclusion, including the patterns of inheritance and multiple genetic approaches. We then summarize the functional studies on related loci and genes using cell biology and animal models, which will help to implement individualized therapeutic interventions.     

恒牙期Ⅲ类错拔牙与非拔牙矫治的初步研究

目的分析恒牙期Ⅲ类错拔牙组和非拔牙组矫治前后软硬组织的变化。方法恒牙期Ⅲ类错成功矫治完成后的79名患者,其中36人接受了拔牙治疗;43人接受了非拔牙治疗。治疗前后X线头颅侧位片应用Winceph7.0软件测量。统计学分析采用SPSS10.0统计学软件进行,两组治疗效果的评价采用配对t检验。结果治疗后两组均出现上切牙唇倾、下切牙舌倾、覆盖增加、覆减小。上颌骨和下颌骨的改变无统计学意义,但上下颌骨间的位置关系及面高发生了变化。结论恒牙期Ⅲ类错治疗以牙性改变为主,非拔牙组面中部软硬组织突度增加,上唇突度增加;拔牙组下唇突度减小,侧貌均得到明显改善。     

多曲方丝弓技术矫治骨性Ⅲ类错16例临床观察

目的观察多曲方丝弓技术(MEAW)矫治骨性Ⅲ类错的临床疗效。方法选取应用MEAW技术治疗的骨性Ⅲ类错畸形的患者16例,测量矫治前后的X线头颅侧位定位片并进行配对t检验评估疗效。结果与矫治前相比,SNA角平均增加2.08°,SNB角平均减少1.49°,L6-FHV平均减少3.12mm,L6-MP角平均减少9.83°,OJ平均增加4.92mm。结论MEAW技术可以有效矫治轻、中度骨性Ⅲ类错。     

轻中度骨性Ⅲ类错矫治后牙关系的PAR指数评价

目的比较轻中度骨性Ⅲ类错畸形拔牙矫治和非拔牙矫治的牙矫治效果。方法测量80例矫治完成的轻中度骨性Ⅲ类错患者治疗前后模型的PAR指数,并进行比较。结果两组治疗前,牙齿错位、咬合关系和覆盖的PAR指数有显著性,P<0.05;2组治疗后,牙齿错位与中线差异有显著性,P<0.05;治疗前后PAR减少的百分率中,牙齿错位、咬合关系项目差异有显著性,P<0.05。结论PAR分值能反映错严重程度,拔牙病例的错主要在牙齿错位、覆盖、中线不调方面较非拔牙病例重。拔牙矫治更有利于牙齿错位的调整。     

The validity of using profile predictions for class III patients planned for bimaxillary orthognathic surgery

This study assessed whether preoperative class III patients could recreate their facial difference based on a profile photograph. Twenty class III pre-surgery bimaxillary orthognathic patients used CASSOS (SoftEnable Technology Ltd.) to manipulate a distorted soft tissue image of them until they felt it resembled their current soft tissue profile. Patients were able to move their upper lip and lower chin backward and forwards, as well as the lower chin up and down. Differences in the mean absolute distance between the patient-perceived position of the upper lip (Labrale superious) and chin (Pogonion) and the actual position of their upper lip and chin were measured on two occasions. Intra-patient reproducibility was found to be excellent (ICC 0.93 to 0.98). All differences were statistically significantly greater than 3mm, and would be clinically significant. Patients were better at re-creating their AP chin position rather than their AP upper lip and vertical chin positions. Approximately half of patients undergoing surgical correction of their class III skeletal pattern were unable to correctly identify their pre-surgical facial profile. Given the lack of awareness of their profile, this questions the validity of using profile planning for informed consent.     

两种不同拔牙方式矫治成人骨性反牙合的硬软组织改变的对比研究

目的：探讨下颌单颌拔牙与双颌拔牙矫治成人骨性反牙合的硬软组织改变的差异。方法：选取成人骨性反牙合患者31例,其中拔除4个前磨牙矫治（甲组）13例,下颌单颌拔除2个前磨牙矫治（乙组）18例。应用X线头影测量对矫治前后的硬软组织变化进行测量。结果：两组SNA、SNB、ANB矫治前后的变化无明显差异。甲组下切牙内收与下唇的变化更为显著,下唇凸度明显减小,甲组面型侧貌改变较乙组更为显著。结论：单颌拔牙模式适用于上颌无拥挤或轻度拥挤的轻中度骨性反牙合患者;双颌拔牙模式适用于上颌伴中重度拥挤的中度骨性反牙合患者。