机械过冷CO2引射制冷系统性能研究

利用R134a机械过冷系统对CO2引射制冷系统（ERS）气体冷却器出口工质进行冷却,实验研究了在不同过冷度、排气压力及蒸发温度下机械过冷CO2引射制冷系统（MSERS）的性能,并与ERS系统性能进行了对比分析。结果表明,MSERS系统的COP随着过冷度及排气压力的变化存在最大值,最佳过冷度约为16℃,而最佳排气压力约为8.5Mpa;随着蒸发温度升高,MSERS系统的引射比及COP均增大,且引射比随蒸发温度增大的速度在低蒸发温度工况下比较小。MSERS与ERS系统性能的对比表明,在实验蒸发温度范围内MSERS系统的COP大于ERS系统,且在低蒸发温度工况下MSERS系统COP的改善幅度更大;在蒸发温度小于1℃的工况条件下MSERS系统的引射比比ERS系统的引射比提高了约2.5%～6.0%;在不同的一级节流阀前温度工况下,MSERS系统制冷量比ERS系统提高了约27.2%～35.5%,COP增大了约6.2%～17.6%。     

燃料电池车车载储氢系统的技术发展与应用现状

综述了燃料电池车车载储氢系统技术，包括高压氢、液氢、金属氢化物、低温吸附、纳米碳管高压吸附以及液体有机氢化物等的研究进展及其车载应用现状。参照燃料电池车对车载储氢系统单位重量储氢密度与体积储氢密度的目标要求，对目前已应用和处于研发阶段的一些储氢技术的性能指标和存在问题进行了分析讨论。同时对目前该领域的若干新的研究报道，如超高压轻质复合容器、混合储氢容器、b.c．c．储氢合金、超级活性碳和“浆液”双相储氢等，也作了简要介绍。     

Refrigeration cycle for cryogenic separation of hydrogen from coke oven gas

Ten billion cubic meters of hydrogen are dissipated to the environment along with the emission of coke-oven gas every year in China. A novel cryogenic separation of hydrogen from coke oven gas is proposed to separate the hydrogen and liquefy it simultaneously, and the cooling capacity is supplied by two refrigeration cycles. The performance of the ideal vapor refrigeration cycle is analyzed with methane and nitrogen as refrigerant respectively. The results show that the coefficient of performance (COP) of methane refrigeration cycle is 2.7 times that of nitrogen refrigeration cycle, and the figure of merit (FOM) of methane refrigeration cycle is 1.6 times that of nitrogen refrigeration cycle. The performance of ideal gas refrigeration cycle is also analyzed with neon, hydrogen and helium as refrigerant respectively. The results show that both the coefficient of performance and figure of merit of neon refrigeration cycle is the highest. It is thermodynamically possible to arrange the refrigeration cycle with methane and neon as refrigerant, respectively. __________ Translated from Cryogenics and Superconductivity, 2007, 35(5): 387–390, 394 [译自: 低温与超导]     

超临界氢存储技术的研究进展

氢能的利用是当今世界发展必然趋势,使用超临界氢存储技术可对氢能进行储存。介绍了超临界氢,并详细分析了超临界储氢、气态压缩储氢和低温液态储氢的优缺点。然后,对超临界储氢技术进行了详细论述,介绍了超临界吸附储氢和低温压力容器储存超临界氢两种技术的研究进展。最后,根据超临界氢存储技术的研究现状,提出了一些对超临界氢存储技术的发展及应用具有一定指导意义的建议。     

太阳能喷射式制冷系统性能分析

叙述了太阳能增压喷射式制冷的原理和系统工作过程. 探讨了太阳能喷射式制冷系统研究的进展状况.通过计算研究了多种制冷剂对喷射器工作性能和系统制冷系数的影响.应用数学模拟的方法,分析了太阳能增压喷射式制冷系统在实际日照条件下的工作性能.结果表明,这种系统能够利用太阳能提供实际需要的制冷量.     

太阳能喷射式制冷系统的模拟

介绍了结构简单、工作可靠的太阳能喷射式制冷系统的原理和工作过程,给出了一个模拟计算。采用Ｒ１３４ａ为制冷剂,在发生器温度９０℃、冷凝器温度２０～３８℃和蒸发器温度 ６～１４℃时,对系统效率进行了模拟计算。结果表明,该系统具有一定的可行性。本文还对理想状况下水作为制冷剂的系统效率进行了讨论。     

发生温度对太阳能喷射式制冷系统性能的影响研究

为了确定发生温度对太阳能喷射式制冷系统性能的影响,基于太阳能喷射式制冷系统试验台,以蒸发温度、冷凝温度及室内环境温度为定量,发生温度为变量进行了试验研究.试验结果表明:当喷射器结构确定时,喷射系数ER、系统性能系数COP和机械性能系数COP_m均不会随着发生温度的升高一直增大,系统必然存在一个最佳的发生温度使其性能达到最佳.研究可为今后最佳发生温度的选择及实际应用中如何维持系统高效运行提供理论指导.     

液氮、液氢加注系统数值仿真与试验研究

以低温液氮加注系统为研究对象,通过FLUENT仿真与试验研究,结果表明：数值仿真与试验结果吻合良好,小流量预冷液氮温度升高约5 K,一定过冷度与低漏热率对单相加注具有重要作用。以低温储液瓶为研究对象,对“加注过程”进行仿真与试验,结果表明：加注初期液位高度低于临界液位,加注对整个流场扰动较大,加剧了储液瓶内部对流换热,液相区有气泡形成,部分气相二次液化,瓶内暂无温度分层;加注中后期,气液交界面趋于稳定,液相区无明显气泡,气相区无明显二次液化且温度逐渐形成分层;数值仿真与试验的液氮蒸发率分别约为1.7%和1.5%,具有较好一致性。基于液氮分析经验,对液氢“加注过程”进行仿真预测,结果表明：液氮、液氢加注过程储液瓶内部液相率与温度具有相似变化规律,液氮加注分析对液氢加注具有一定参考意义。     

液氢汽化加氢加气合建站工艺设计方案

我国已建成的加氢站大部分是高压储氢加氢站,高压氢气储运效率低、经济供氢半径小,单站的氢气供给规模小,高压储氢加氢站核心设备——氢气隔膜压缩机价格高、耗能高、使用寿命短。为了解决以上问题,提出了建设液氢汽化加氢加气合建站的方案,以充分利用我国已经建成的2000多座加气站。本技术方案在一个合建站内实现了燃料电池汽车气态氢气加氢、氢气长管拖车充装、液氢燃料电池汽车液氢加注、压缩天然气(compressed natural gas, CNG)汽车加气和CNG长管拖车充装功能,可以在高压储氢加氢站相同的占地面积上实现3倍的加氢规模,增加合建站内能源加注类型、降低合建站的投资成本,提高合建站的运营经济性。     

Numerical and Experimental Studies of Working Processes in a Cryogenic Fuelling Tank Coupled with Energy Plant

This article presents a device for the storage and gasification of cryogenic working fluid,which is named a cryogenic fuelling tank.A cryogenic fuel tank can serve both as a fuel vessel and a pressure accumulator due to the regasification process that takes place inside.Application of this tank is slowed by the lack of theoretical and experimental research on its working process.This article deals with an investigation of the working process of the energy plant based on a cryogenic fuel tank coupled with a rotor-vane expander.Developed mathematical models include evaporation and condensation processes within the tank,heat exchange between gas chambers and between the tank and environment,and changes in energy due to incoming and leaving mass.Mechanical work used to determine the efficiency of a power plant is generated by a steam expander.Research shows that it is possible to achieve specific work outputs up to 110-160 kJ/kg with relative deviation of power and specific work determination equal to 1.4％and 1.9％correspondingly.     

受限条件下线形对文丘里引射器性能影响的数值分析

采用某厂0.8 WM燃气引射器的模型进行分析,通过对不同基础结构参数及不同工况下的引射器进行不同线形改进,研究线形等几何参数对引射器性能的影响。采用直线形、双曲线形、椭圆Ⅰ形及椭圆Ⅱ形共4种线形,其中传统直线形引射器作为对照组。通过Solidworks进行软件建模并通过AnsysFluent软件进行数值模拟。受限空间采用实际生产中的炉膛大小,尺寸为1 m²×1.5 m的椭圆形燃烧炉膛。经过数值模拟分析最终得出在引射器入口段长度为30 mm,引射器为椭Ⅰ形,保持引射流体入口速度范围不变,改变喷嘴直径为5 mm时阻塞效应临界点后移,引射系数更高。     

水下排放低温液体传热过程分析

研究了低温液体水下直接排放时，低温液体-水间的传热问题。分析了低温液体与水之间的传热机理。提出在一定条件下，低温液体在水下直接排放的过程是气膜包围着液体，液-气两相共同推进的过程，气膜厚度不稳定，呈现由厚变薄，甚至局部消失，再重新出现的过程。气膜流动属湍流流动。     

Investigation on Operational Unsteady Characteristics of CPL：The Effects of Evaporator and Reservoir

INTRODUCTIONTwo-phaseCapillaryPUmpedLoopasanewthermalcontrolsysteminspacetechniqueshasmanyadVantages.Ittransportsrelativelylargeamountofheatforalongdistance.TheevaporatorandreservoirofCPLactasimportantpartsinthedevice,thesteadyandunsteadyoperationalperformancesofCPLstronglydependonbothofthemli'2].T'heCPLunsteadycharacteristicsconsistofsac-upandoperationalunsteadycharacteristics.WhenthemeasuredtemperatureoftypicalCPLpointdeviatesfromitsnormalvalueanddisplayscontinualoscillationchara…     

Computational analysis of a variable ejector flow

The present study addresses a variable ejector which can improve the ejector efficiency and control the re-circulation ratio under a fixed operating pressure ratio. The variable ejector is a facility to obtain specific recirculation ratio under a given operating pressure ratio by varying the ejector throat area ratio. The numerical simulations are carried out to provide an understanding of the flow characteristics inside the variable ejector. The sonic and supersonic nozzles are adopted as primary driving nozzles in the ejector system, and a movable cone cylinder, inserted into a conventional ejector-diffuser system, is used to change the ejector throat area ratio. The numerical simulations are based on a fully implicit finite volume scheme of the compressible, Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The results show that the variable ejector can control the recirculation ratio at a fixed operating pressure ratio.     

Study of nucleate boiling heat transfer to slush hydrogen and slush nitrogen

Slush hydrogen is a mixture of liquid hydrogen and solid hydrogen particles, and is being considered as a spaceplane fuel or as a means of transport for hydrogen used as a source of clean energy. This paper describes nucleate boiling heat transfer characteristics of slush hydrogen and slush nitrogen. For the visual observation of heat transfer states, a heat transfer unit was placed in a glass Dewar designed to minimize the heat loss from an atmospheric environment. The heat transfer unit used was a circular flat plate 0.025 m in diameter made of electrolytic tough pitch copper. During testing, three different orientations of the heat transfer surface were used: horizontal facing up, vertical, and horizontal facing down. Heat transfer data for the normal boiling point (NBP) of liquid hydrogen, the triple point (TP) of liquid hydrogen, the NBP of liquid nitrogen, and the TP of liquid nitrogen were obtained up to the critical heat flux (burnout). These data for slush hydrogen and nitrogen, including the results of observation of the heat transfer surface were compared. This clarified the nucleate boiling heat transfer characteristics of slush hydrogen and slush nitrogen, which have rarely been investigated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 32(1): 13–28, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.10068     

太阳能增强型喷射式制冷系统的研究

对太阳能为热源的增强型喷射式制冷系统进行了热力学分析，并进行了初步实验。在９０℃热源、１２℃蒸发温度和２０００Ｗ制冷量的额定工况下，喷射系数可达０．６５１，整个系统的ＣＯＰ值达０．３３４，比传统的纯喷射制冷循环的ＣＯＰ值（≤０．２３）提高５０％。     

喷射器性能及太阳能喷射制冷系统工质的优化

考虑实际流体热力学性质、混合效率和激波等因素,建立了喷射器热力学模型,计算结果与文献中实验数据吻合很好。文中计算了采用环境友好工质R134a、R152a、R717、R290、R600a时喷射系数及喷射制冷系统性能系数。结果表明,对于确定几何参数的喷射器,喷射系数和喷射制冷系统性能系数主要取决于膨胀比与压缩比,两者分别随膨胀比的增加而增大,压缩比的增加而减小。太阳能驱动喷射制冷系统时(发生温度在80℃左右),采用R134a可以使喷射系数和喷射制冷系统能效比最大,明显优于其他工质。