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昆虫分子神经生物学的迅速发展为新型神经活性杀虫剂的研究开发提供了巨大的锲机,丰富和发展了杀虫剂创制的思路。本文评述了与几种杀虫剂作用靶标部位(如电压敏感性钠通道、GABA受体等)有关的昆虫分子神经生物学研究进展,同时讨论了昆虫分子神经生物学在杀虫剂创制中的作用。 相似文献
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氯离子通道杀虫剂靶标的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
配体门控氯离子通道和电压门控氯离子通道都是杀虫剂的作用靶标,配体门控氯离子通道是抑制剂激发膜兴奋性的基础元件,γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)受体是一种氯离子载体复合物,是目前应用的杀虫剂的主要作用位点。林丹、硫丹、氟虫腈等杀虫剂能阻断弘氨基丁酸门控氯离子通道,引起神经抑制,导致中枢神经系统过度兴奋、惊厥,甚至造成机体死亡。电压门控氯离子通道是氯离子通道的家族又一个大的成员,依赖于电压的氯离子通道与维持电兴奋性、氯离子释放和吸收、内囊酸化、细胞内容物调节等生理活性相关,目前电压门控氯离子通道逐步成为杀虫剂的靶标成为研究热点。本文综述了杀虫剂靶标氯离子通道与杀虫剂作用的研究进展。 相似文献
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基于对微注塑成型过程中聚合物熔体充模流动时黏性耗散效应的理论分析,以聚丙烯(PP)和高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)两种聚合物材料,在不同工艺参数作用下流经不同当量直径和长径比矩形截面微模具通道时,由黏性耗散效应引起的微通道中熔体温度变化进行了试验测量和数值模拟。结果显示,微通道出口熔体温度的试验测量和数值模拟值与理论计算值非常吻合,且其平均误差小于1℃。同时研究发现,增大微模具通道当量直径和长径比时,熔体流动时的黏性耗散热量增多,通道出口熔体温度升高;而当微通道几何尺寸一定时,其黏性耗散热量随注射速度和注射压力的升高而增加,随熔体温度和模具温度的升高而降低;但同样试验条件下,对剪切作用敏感性强的PP材料的黏性耗散热量明显高于对剪切敏感性弱的HDPE材料。 相似文献
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膜片钳技术是研究细胞膜离子通道的电生理学技术,也是从细胞水平探讨杀虫剂神经毒性作用机制的重要研究方法,在杀虫剂的研制、合理使用等方面具有很好的指导作用。综述了利用膜片钳技术研究多种膜蛋白杀虫剂靶标(电压门控钠、钾、钙通道,氯通道,烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体通道,P2X通道,TRP通道)在杀虫剂毒性机理分析中的应用,为开发高效、安全的杀虫剂提供参考。 相似文献
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新烟碱类杀虫剂的回顾和展望 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
到目前为止 ,世界杀虫剂市场 (2 0世纪 90年代初 >70亿美元 )主要由乙酰胆碱酯酶 (AChE)抑制剂统治。乙酰胆碱酯酶是昆虫中枢神经系统 (CNS)中最重要的酶之一 ,乙酰胆碱是重要的神经传递剂 ,而乙酰胆碱酯酶负责乙酰胆碱的降解作用。然而 ,乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂 ,如 :有机磷和氨基甲酸酯的市场份额从 1 987年的 71 %下降到 1 999年的 4 7%。AChE抑制剂与那些作用于压敏钠通道的杀虫剂 (尤其是拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂 )构成了世界杀虫剂市场的 6 4% ,也就是说这两种作用机制的杀虫剂占世界杀虫剂市场的 2 / 3。烟碱乙酰胆碱受体 (nAChR)作为杀… 相似文献
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作为半胱氨酸环配体门控离子通道超家族成员之一,γ-氨基丁酸门控氯离子通道(GABA-Cl)主要介导神经系统快速抑制性神经传递.由于其在昆虫和脊椎动物体内存在显著差异,GABA-Cl受体成为了现代杀虫剂研发的理想靶标.对GABA-Cl受体的结构和功能进行介绍,并对其靶标杀虫剂的研发背景与现状、化学合成、作用机制、生物活性... 相似文献
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荆州市郊小菜蛾抗性调查及分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了荆州市郊小菜蛾对氯氰菊酯、敌敌畏、甲基对硫磷、毒死蜱、杀虫双、阿维菌素的敏感性水平。结果表明,小菜蛾对氯氰菊酯产生了较强的抗性(56.6倍),对甲基对硫磷和毒死蜱产生了中等程度的抗性(17倍和11.3倍),杀虫双、阿维菌素基本上未产生抗性。多功能氧化酶抑制剂的增效试验表明代谢水平升高不是小菜蛾对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂产生抗性的原因。 相似文献
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季酮酸类杀虫杀螨剂品种及其合成方法 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
介绍了季酮酸类杀虫杀螨剂的开发进展以及这类化合物的作用机理和合成方法,特别是新杀虫剂螺虫乙酯,高效而新颖,必将在作物有害生物治理中发挥重要作用,具有良好的发展前景。 相似文献
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Boublik Yvan; Saint-Aguet Pascale; Lougarre Andree; Arnaud Muriel; Villatte Francois; Estrada-Mondaca Sandino; Fournier Didier 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》2002,15(1):43-50
To detect traces of insecticides in the environment using biosensors,we engineered Drosophila acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to increaseits sensitivity and its rate of phosphorylation or carbamoylationby organophosphates or carbamates. The mutants made by site-directedmutagenesis were expressed in baculovirus. Different strategieswere used to obtain these mutants: (i) substitution of aminoacids at positions found mutated in AChE from insects resistantto insecticide, (ii) mutations of amino acids at positions suggestedby 3-D structural analysis of the active site, (iii) Ala-scananalysis of amino acids lining the active site gorge, (iv) mutagenesisat positions detected as important for sensitivity in the Ala-scananalysis and (v) combination of mutations which independentlyenhance sensitivity. The results highlighted the difficultyof predicting the effect of mutations; this may be due to thestructure of the site, a deep gorge with the active serine atthe bottom and to allosteric effects between the top and thebottom of the gorge. Nevertheless, the use of these differentstrategies allowed us to obtain sensitive enzymes. The greatestimprovement was for the sensitivity to dichlorvos for whicha mutant was 300-fold more sensitive than the Drosophila wild-typeenzyme and 288 000-fold more sensitive than the electric eelenzyme, the enzyme commonly used to detect organophosphate andcarbamate. 相似文献
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Many insect pests have evolved resistance to insecticides. Along with this evolution, the sex pheromone communication system
of insects also may change, and subsequently reproductive isolation may occur between resistant and susceptible populations.
In this study of the diamondback moth, we found that resistant females (especially Abamectin resistant females) produced less
sex pheromone and displayed a lower level of calling behavior. Resistant males showed higher EAG responsiveness to the sex
pheromone mixture of females, and responded to a broader range of ratios between the two major components compared to the
responses of susceptible moths. In addition, wind tunnel experiments indicated that changes associated with insecticide resistance
in the Abamectin resistant strain (Aba-R) significantly reduced female attractiveness to susceptible males. Furthermore, mating
choice experiments confirmed that non-random mating occurred between the two different strains. Aba-R females with an abnormal
pheromone production and blend ratio exhibited significantly lower mating percentages with males from either their own strain
or other strains, which corroborates the results obtained by the wind tunnel experiments. The implications of this non-random
mating for insect speciation and insecticide resistance management are discussed. 相似文献
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G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are known to play central roles in the physiology of many organisms. Members of this seven α-helical transmembrane protein family transduce the extracellular signals and regulate intracellular second messengers through coupling to heterotrimeric G-proteins, adenylate cyclase, cAMPs, and protein kinases. As a result of the critical function of GPCRs in cell physiology and biochemistry, they not only play important roles in cell biology and the medicines used to treat a wide range of human diseases but also in insects’ physiological functions. Recent studies have revealed the expression and function of GPCRs in insecticide resistance, improving our understanding of the molecular complexes governing the development of insecticide resistance. This article focuses on the review of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways in insect physiology, including insects’ reproduction, growth and development, stress responses, feeding, behaviors, and other physiological processes. Hormones and polypeptides that are involved in insect GPCR regulatory pathways are reviewed. The review also gives a brief introduction of GPCR pathways in organisms in general. At the end of the review, it provides the recent studies on the function of GPCRs in the development of insecticide resistance, focusing in particular on our current knowledge of the expression and function of GPCRs and their downstream regulation pathways and their roles in insecticide resistance and the regulation of resistance P450 gene expression. The latest insights into the exciting technological advances and new techniques for gene expression and functional characterization of the GPCRs in insects are provided. 相似文献
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郭胜 《精细与专用化学品》2001,9(1):13-14
杀螨隆是一种具有全新化学结构的杀虫杀螨剂,没有交互抗性的问题,对高抗性害虫十分有效。沈阳化工研究院以2,6-二异丙基苯胺为起始原料合成杀螨隆,总收率≥60%,比国内目前的最高工艺水平高5%-10%,产品杀螨隆含量≥95%。该工艺已完成30t/a的中试放大,三废量较少,易于处理,经济效益显著。 相似文献