固定化铜离子亲和膜静态吸附血红蛋白的性能研究

用固定化铜离子亲和膜静态吸附血红蛋白(Hb),考察了血红蛋白浓度、pH值、离子强度、温度和时间对吸附的影响.结果表明,固定化铜离子亲和膜静态吸附血红蛋白的最大吸附量为14.8719 mg·g-1,当控制温度16～25℃、pH值7.0 ～ 7.4、Hb浓度0.8484 ～ 1.2726 mg·mL-1时,吸附效果较好;离子强度越低,吸附效果越好;吸附时间至少为30 min.固定化铜离子亲和膜静态吸附血红蛋白的研究为实际体系的分离研究奠定了基础.     

蒙脱土对聚羧酸减水剂的吸附特性及其影响因素研究

采用凝胶渗透色谱法研究了蒙脱土对聚羧酸减水剂( PCE)的吸附平衡及其影响因素。结果表明,蒙脱土对PCE具有很强的吸附作用,PCE浓度越大,其吸附量也越大。当PCE浓度为2.00 g·L-1(混凝土中PCE标准掺量)时,其吸附量为7.03 mg·g-1;当PCE为4.00 g·L-1时,其吸附量为14.61 mg·g-1;蒙脱土对PCE的最大吸附量(饱和吸附)约为21.18 mg·g-1。当PCE浓度≤2.50 g·L-1,体系pH值的变化对吸附量影响不大,但Ca2+、Mg2+金属离子的存在会增大PCE吸附量,其中Mg2+离子的影响尤为明显。蒙脱土吸附PCE是一吸热过程反应,过程符合准二级动力学方程,平衡仅需5~10 min。     

改性火山石对氟离子的吸附性能研究

选用盐酸改性天然火山石作为吸附剂,研究了其对水中氟离子的去除性能,探究吸附时间、改性火山石投加量和溶液pH值对氟离子吸附效果的影响。结果表明,盐酸改性提高了火山石对氟离子的吸附能力。改性火山石对含氟废水的处理时间较短,120min即可达到平衡;吸附剂投加量为8g·L-1时,氟离子的吸附去除率达到最大,为82.4%;溶液pH为4～7的范围内,对氟离子的吸附去除率达到75%以上。正交实验结果发现,当吸附时间为60min,改性火山石投加量为8g·L-1,溶液pH为4时,对氟离子的吸附效果较好。改性火山石吸附氟离子的过程更符合Langmuir模型,吸附过程更接近单层吸附,吸附容量可达0.91mg·g-1,吸附动力学符合Lagergren二级动力学方程,吸附速率快。     

绿色木霉对Zn2+的吸附特性研究

采用从含锌重金属废水中筛选出来的绿色木霉C-1进行锌离子吸附研究,考察了相关因素对吸附效果的影响.结果表明,菌丝体经酸碱预处理,可显著提高对锌离子的吸附性能;当pH值为5.5、干菌量为3 g·L-1、锌离子初始浓度在60 mg·L-1以下时,室温吸附60 min可以达到2 mg·L-1的排放标准.     

D001型阳离子交换树脂吸附L-苏氨酸

实验考察了温度、pH值、氯化铵和氯化钠浓度对D001型阳离子交换树脂吸附L-苏氨酸的影响,并测定了25 ℃时阳离子交换树脂吸附L-苏氨酸的吸附等温线.结果表明:阳离子交换树脂吸附L-苏氨酸的吸附率随温度的升高呈略下降的趋势,是个放热过程;pH值增大,吸附率下降;溶液中氯化铵或氯化钠浓度增大,吸附率迅速下降,且当氯化铵或氯化钠物质的量浓度达到1.0 mol·L-1时,L-苏氨酸在树脂上吸附量很小;25 ℃时,最大饱和吸附量约为70g·kg-1(树脂).     

聚醚砜和磺化聚醚砜膜结构及性能研究

采用电镜和孔径分布测定仪对自制聚醚砜( PES)和磺化聚醚砜(SPES)膜进行表征,根据Darcy-Poiseuille定律研究PES膜和SPES膜过滤牛血清蛋白液(BSA)阻力分布情况.结果表明,PES膜孔径为0.22～0.27 μm,初始纯水通量为642 L·m-2·h-1,过滤质量浓度为1 g·L-1的BSA溶液时平衡通量为30.4～31.9 L·m-2· h-1; SPES膜孔径为5.2～11.1 nm,初始纯水通量为8.1 L·m-2·h-1,质量浓度为1 g·L-1的BSA时平衡通量为3.4～6.9 L· m-2·h-1.过滤时PES膜阻力主要集中在吸附和堵孔阻力,2者相加为总阻力的91.1％;而SPES膜阻力主要集中在膜本身的阻力,为总阻力的41.8％,其次为堵孔阻力,占总阻力的38.3％.经清洗后,PES膜的纯水通量可以恢复到82％,而SPES膜可以恢复到494％.     

D113弱酸性离子交换树脂吸附L-组氨酸

测定了25℃下D113弱酸性离子交换树脂吸附L-组氨酸的动力学曲线和吸附等温线,考察了溶液中pH值、硫酸铵浓度、L-赖氨酸浓度和L-精氨酸浓度等因素对吸附的影响。结果表明:D113离子交换树脂吸附L-组氨酸约30 m in即可达到平衡;Langmu ir方程可以较好地描述D113离子交换树脂对L-组氨酸的吸附;在实验pH值范围内,L-组氨酸的吸附率随pH值的减小而减小,当pH降至3.4时,吸附量仍达到133mg/g;NH4+离子的存在使L-组氨酸的吸附量明显下降,当氯化铵浓度达到1.0mol/L时,吸附量仅为6.8mg/g;L-赖氨酸或L-精氨酸的存在使吸附量略微减小。     

络合-超滤耦合技术处理Cd^（2＋）模拟废水的研究

研究聚丙烯酸钠PAASS与模拟废水中Cd2 络合反应动力学,结果表明:当pH为6、Cd2 浓度为10 mg·L-1和PAASS浓度为5000 mg·L-1时,络合反应符合拟一级速率方程.考察负载比对Cd2 截留系数R的影响,可得PAASS络合容量为0.033 g Cd·(g PAASS)-1.考察pH和竞争络合剂对R的影响,发现当pH从5增大到6时,R迅速增大;竞争络合剂三乙醇胺或酒石酸钠使R下降.研究络合体系超滤浓缩行为,结果表明体积浓缩因子为10时,膜通量仅下降14.6%,R值大约为1;浓缩液用于解离研究,控制解离pH为2.5,可得:当截留液镉浓度为99.6 mg·L-1时,渗透液镉浓度可达93.1 mg·L-1,对应络合物解离效率为93.5%;解离液用于超滤洗涤,当洗涤液体积为原料液体积4倍时,截留液镉浓度从洗涤前99.6 mg·L-1降低至洗涤结束时3.87 mg·L-1,镉洗脱率为96.1%,洗涤后聚电解质纯度高.     

影响啤酒酵母菌吸附铅离子条件的研究

采用啤酒酵母自制生物吸附剂用于吸附金属铅离子,考察了pH值、反应时间、酵母浓度及金属离子浓度对啤酒酵母吸附Pb2 的影响.单因素实验结果表明,当pH值为5.0、溶液初始Pb2 浓度为80 mg·L-1、啤酒酵母的浓度为1.0 g·L-1、反应时间为0.5 h时,吸附效果最佳.通过正交实验,确定初始Pb2 浓度为反应过程中的显著因素.     

介孔材料MCM-41对碘离子吸附性能的研究

本文主要研究了介孔材料MCM-41对水中碘离子的吸附性能。采用高锰酸钾氧化法进行碘离子浓度分析,考察了吸附时间、初始碘离子浓度、pH、温度、杂离子强度对吸附性能的影响。结果表明:MCM-41对水中碘离子的吸附平衡时间约为30min,当I-初始浓度为500mg·L-1时,MCM-41对I-的吸附量为41.3mg·g-1,温度在20～60℃范围内,pH在5～8时,吸附效果最好,氯化钠对吸附影响不明显。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.