舒芬太尼与芬太尼在冠脉搭桥手术麻醉中应用的比较

目的比较舒芬太尼与芬太尼在冠脉搭桥术麻醉中血流动力学变化特点及两者间的等效剂量关系。方法将16例拟行冠脉搭桥术患者随机分成舒芬太尼组与芬太尼组。记录入室后、气管插管后、转机（搭桥）前、转机（搭桥）后、手术结束时各点血流动力学指标的变化[平均动脉压（MAP）,中心静脉压（CVP）,MPAP,PCWP,CI,混合静脉氧饱和度（SvO2）,心率（HR）]。观察麻醉维持期间舒芬太尼与芬太尼的用量。结果两组血流动力学指标中,CVP在转机（搭桥）前舒芬太尼组较芬太尼组升高[（7.7±3.4）vs.（4.9±2.0）mmHg],其余指标两组间无显著性差异。在麻醉诱导时,舒芬太尼的给药剂量为（1.3±0.6）μg/kg,芬太尼为（10.0±2.9）μg/kg;维持给药量两组分别为（0.7±0.1）μg/（kg·h）、（7.3±1.5）μg/（kg·h）;麻醉维持期间给药次数舒芬太尼组[（2.7±0.5）次]少于芬太尼组[（5.0±1.3）次]。结论舒芬太尼与芬太尼用于冠脉搭桥手术麻醉均使血流动力学变化稳定。使用单次推注方法维持麻醉时,舒芬太尼的等效剂量为芬太尼的1/8～1/10。     

舒芬太尼和芬太尼用于心脏瓣膜置换手术的对比研究

目的研究比较舒芬太尼和芬太尼在体外循环(CPB)心脏瓣膜置换手术中对血流动力学及乳酸的影响。方法择期行瓣膜置换手术患者40例,随机分成两组,每组20例。舒芬太尼组(S组)分别于麻醉诱导、切皮前及转流前静注舒芬太尼1μg/kg、2μg/kg、2μg/kg;芬太尼组(F组)静注芬太尼10μg/kg、20μg/kg、20μg/kg。比较两组术中血流动力学参数及乳酸浓度。结果两组患者麻醉效果满意。S组于切皮和开胸两个时点HR、MAP、MPAP、SVR低于F组(P<0.05)。血乳酸浓度两组变化趋势相同。术前乳酸基础浓度S组与F组比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05),CPB开始后15和45 m in,复温至35℃和停机后30m in S组均低于F组(P<0.05)。结论体外循环瓣膜置换手术中使用舒芬太尼麻醉,可以使血流动力学更平稳,并可减轻全身应激反应,增加组织灌注,减少乳酸生成。     

丙泊酚复合阿芬太尼静脉麻醉对腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者的麻醉效果研究

目的:探讨丙泊酚复合阿芬太尼静脉麻醉对腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)患者的麻醉效果.方法:选取94例择期LC患者为研究对象,按照麻醉方式不同分为舒芬太尼组和阿芬太尼组,每组各47例.舒芬太尼组麻醉维持阶段采用丙泊酚复合舒芬太尼麻醉;阿芬太尼组采用丙泊酚复合阿芬太尼麻醉.观察两组患者气管插管即刻(T0)、术中5 min(T1)、拔管即刻(T2)和拔管后10 min(T3)的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、血清皮质醇(Cor);比较两组患者自主呼吸恢复时间、麻醉苏醒时间及不良反应情况.结果:舒芬太尼组T2时HR、MAP和血清Cor水平较T1时升高(P<0.05);阿芬太尼组T0～T3时HR无明显变化(P>0.05),T2时MAP、血清Cor水平较T1时升高(P<0.05);两组间T0～T3时HR、MAP、血清Cor水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).阿芬太尼组自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间短于舒芬太尼组(P<0.05).阿芬太尼组不良反应率低于舒芬太尼组(P<0.05).结论:LC术中采用阿芬太尼和舒芬太尼分别复合丙泊酚麻醉维持,在稳定血流动力学和减轻手术应激方面效果相当,但阿芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉恢复时间更短,不良反应少更轻.     

舒芬太尼和芬太尼麻醉诱导对冠脉旁路移植术患者血流动力学的影响

目的比较舒芬太尼和芬太尼麻醉诱导对冠脉旁路移植术（CABG）患者血流动力学的影响。方法将60例ASAⅡ-Ⅲ级择期非体外循环CABG患者随机分为芬太尼组（F组）和舒芬太尼组（S组）各30例，F组以芬太尼10ug／kg，S组以舒芬太尼1ug／kg，均配伍咪唑安定0．05mg／kg、维库溴铵0．08mg／kg缓慢诱导。分别于麻醉诱导前、麻醉诱导后气管插管前、插管后1、5和10min监测平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、心排血指数（CI）和中心静脉压（CVP）等血流动力学参数。结果与芬太尼相比，舒芬太尼麻醉诱导更平衡，血液动力学更稳定。结论舒芬太尼用于非体外循环CABG麻醉更容易维持血液动力学稳定，麻醉效果更佳，安全性更高。     

不同剂量舒芬太尼对小儿心脏手术麻醉应激反应和血流动力学的影响

目的 探讨不同剂量舒芬太尼对小儿心脏手术麻醉应激反应和血流动力学的影响.方法 选择2013年7月至2014年8月行心脏矫正手术的先天性心脏病患儿共181例,随机分为舒芬太尼A组(n=61)、舒芬太尼B组(n=60)和芬太尼组(n=60).麻醉诱导:咪唑安定、依托咪酯、维库溴铵、舒芬太尼(舒芬太尼A组1,ug/kg,舒芬太尼B组2-μg/kg)或芬太尼(芬太尼组10 μg/kg).麻醉维持:静脉注射维库溴铵、异丙酚、舒芬太尼[舒芬太尼A组0.01 μg/(kg·min),舒芬太尼B组0.02μg/(kg·min)]或芬太尼[芬太尼组0.1 μg/(kg·min)].结果 麻醉诱导后(T1)时刻3组心率(HR)和平均动脉压(MAP)均显著下降(P＜0.01),CVP均显著升高(P＜0.01);气管插管后(T2)3组HR、MAP均显著升高(P＜0.01);组间比较,T1和T2时刻,芬太尼组HR和MAP变化幅度大于舒芬太尼A组和B组.3组术中、术后血浆去甲肾上腺素(NE)和肾上腺素(E)均发生波动,劈胸骨后(T4)和术毕即刻(T5)NE水平舒芬太尼B组＜舒芬太尼A组＜芬太尼组(P＜0.01).结论 舒芬太尼维持患儿心脏手术血流动力学稳定的效果较芬太尼显著,且较大剂量的舒芬太尼对术中、术后应激反应的抑制作用更优.     

舒芬太尼或芬太尼复合二异丙酚用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术麻醉的临床研究

目的：比较舒芬太尼或芬太尼复合二异丙酚在腹腔镜胆囊切除术麻醉的心血管反应.方法：腹腔镜胆囊切除术全身麻醉患者113例,随机分为两组,舒芬太尼组（舒芬太尼0.3μg/kg）60例和芬太尼组（芬太尼3μg/kg）53例.分别记录麻醉诱导前、气腹前、气腹后即刻、手术结束时的以下指标：平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、每搏量（CO）和心排血指数（CI）.结果：两组患者麻醉诱导前的MAP、HR、CO和CI组间比较,差异均无统计学意义;气腹后即刻与气腹前时比较,芬太尼组HR和C0有明显增高（P＜0.05）,舒芬太尼组差异无统计学意义.结论：在腹腔镜胆囊切除手术中对气腹引起的心血管反应,舒芬太尼比芬太尼有更好的抑制作用.     

门静脉性肺动脉高压症患者肝移植术的麻醉管理

目的 探讨门静脉性肺动脉高压(portopulmonary hypertension, PPHTN)患者肝移植术麻醉的特殊性.方法 PPHTN组15例(男7例、女8例),入选标准:肝硬化合并门静脉高压,平均肺动脉压(MPAP)＞25 mmHg,肺动脉阻塞压(PAOP)＜15 mmHg;对照组15例(男7例、女8例),入选标准:肝硬化排除肺动脉高压.采集2组无肝前期置入Swan-Ganz导管时(T1)、无肝期门静脉阻断5 min(T2)、无肝期门静脉阻断30 min(T3)、新肝期门静脉开放5 min(T4)、新肝期门静脉开放60 min(T5)和术毕(T6)的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、MPAP、右心房压(RAP)、PAOP、外周血管阻力指数(SVRI)、肺血管阻力指数(PVRI)、心脏指数(CI)、右心室射血分数(RVEF)、每搏指数(SVI)、右心室舒展末期容积指数(RVEDVI).结果 T1时PPHTN组MPAP、RAP、PAOP、PVRI明显高于对照组;RVEF和SVI明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).与T1比较:T2时2组HR、SVRI明显升高,MAP、MPAP、RAP、PAOP、PVRI、CI、RVEF、SVI和RVEDVI明显降低(P＜0.05);T4时2组MPAP、PVRI明显升高,MAP、CI、RVEF和SVI明显降低(P＜0.05);T5、T6时2组SVRI明显降低,CI明显升高,PPHTN组MPAP、PVRI、RVEDVI明显升高,RVEF明显降低(P＜0.05).结论 PPHTN患者与非PPHTN患者相比较,肝移植术中新肝期肺动脉高压及心功能抑制时间更长.麻醉的关键是维持右心功能,减轻右心负荷,纠正可逆性的肺动脉高压因素,减少新肝期再灌注对机体的影响,选择适宜的患者,采用合适的手术方式也同样重要.     

吸入麻醉和静脉麻醉下非体外循环冠脉搭桥术血流动力学和心肌缺血研究

目的:研究异氟烷吸入麻醉和异丙酚静脉麻醉下患者循环功能变化情况。方法:60例患者随机分为异氟烷麻醉组和异丙酚麻醉组,分别给予0.8%~1.5%异氟烷和静脉输注异丙酚2~3 mg.kg-1.h-1,两组患者芬太尼总量均为15~20μg.k-g1。监测混合静脉血氧饱和度(SvO2)、心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、平均肺动脉压(MPAP)、肺楔压(PCWP)、心指数(C I)、外周血管阻力指数(SVR I)、肺血管阻力指数(PVR I)和中心静脉压(CVP)。记录心电图ST段变化和升压药使用情况。结果:MAP在吻合前降支和回旋支时下降比较明显,与手术操作引起的心输出量减少一致,术中伴随着MAP和C I的降低变化,SVR I和PVR I同步降低,尽管异丙酚组变化较异氟烷组更为明显,但两组的变化趋势基本一致,组间比较没有统计学差异(P>0.05)。SvO2在心脏移位和远端吻合过程中有明显降低(P<0.05),但两组间无显著差异。两组在循环功能抑制的同时均增加了升压药使用剂量,异丙酚组例数稍多,但没有统计学意义。两组患者心电图ST段发生缺血变化比例均较低,仅2%左右。结论:异氟烷吸入麻醉还是异丙酚静脉复合麻醉,均能满足非体外循环冠脉搭桥手术的需要。这两种麻醉方法在保持循环稳定,减少术中心肌缺血发生方面,作用相似。     

等效剂量舒芬太尼和瑞芬太尼对老年患者全麻诱导应激反应的影响

目的采用等效剂量的舒芬太尼和瑞芬太尼,在相同的麻醉深度下观察快速诱导气管内插管时的血流动力学和应激反应变化。方法老年全麻患者54例,随机分为3组,舒芬太尼组（SF组）诱导用舒芬太尼0．4μg／kg、瑞芬太尼组（RF组）用瑞芬太尼2μg／kg和芬太尼组（F组）用芬太尼3μg／kg。比较全麻诱导各时段的血流动力学和血浆儿茶酚胺浓度。结果与全麻诱导前相比,3组在插管前MAP降低（P〈0．05）,F组和RF组CI下降（P〈0．05）,SF组CI无明显变化。F组SVRI升高（P〈0．05）,SF组的变化无统计学差异,RF组明显下降（P〈0．01）。插管后SF组和RF组SVRI升高（P〈0．05）。F组气管插管后肾上腺素浓度升高（P〈0．05）,高于SF组和RF组（P〈0．05）。结论舒芬太尼和瑞芬太尼对老年患者全麻诱导应激反应的抑制作用强于芬太尼,但是心血管稳定性方面舒芬太尼优于瑞芬太尼。     

不同剂量舒芬太尼在心脏瓣膜置换术患者全身麻醉中的应用

目的:分析不同剂量舒芬太尼在心脏瓣膜置换术患者全身麻醉中的应用价值。方法:将105例心脏瓣膜置换术患者随机分为芬太尼组(n=27)和舒芬太尼组(分A、B、C 3组,每组各26例),分别予以芬太尼10μg/kg、舒芬太尼1.0μg/kg、1.5μg/kg和2.0μg/kg联合维库溴铵、咪唑安定进行诱导插管。分别记录麻醉诱导前(T_0)、麻醉诱导后(T_1)和插管后1min(T_2)、3 min(T_3)、5 min(T_4)、10 min(T_5)时的HR、SBP、DBP和平均动脉压(MAP)以及插管期间心血管的用药情况,计算心率血压乘积(RPP)。结果:与T1时比较,芬太尼组T_2时HR明显升高(P<0.01),但舒芬太尼A、B、C3组无明显变化。与T_1时比较,芬太尼组T_2、T_3时SBP、DBP及MAP明显高于舒芬太尼A、B、C 3组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。舒芬太尼3组T_1~T_5时RPP较T_0时明显降低(P<0.01),且T_2时明显低于芬太尼组(P<0.01)。4组T_0、T_2、T_5时血糖值比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。插管期间,舒芬太尼A组使用阿托品的例数明显少于芬太尼组和舒芬太尼C组(P<0.01)。结论:使用不同剂量的舒芬太尼均能有效预防心脏膜瓣置换患者插管期间的应激反应,其中舒芬太尼1.0μg/kg在插管期间的血流动力学更加稳定。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.