Short-term corrosion behavior of galvanized coatings in natural waters of the Greek territory

The corrosion behavior of hot-dip galvanized steel immersed in domestic and seawater was investigated after an exposure period up to 10 days. The examination of the coatings was accomplished with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. From this investigation it was deduced that the corrosion process in domestic water is slow and mainly proceeds through pitting corrosion, while the corrosion phenomena in seawater are more intense. The main mechanisms in this environment are pitting and intergranular corrosion. In both waters the Cl⁻ and the O²⁻ ions diffuse in the coating up to the Fe/Zn interface. Especially in seawater the Cl⁻ ions seem to be very aggressive.     

微弧氧化TC4钛合金与金属电偶的腐蚀行为

为了减小钛合金与金属偶合的接触腐蚀,采用微弧氧化技术,在TC4钛合金表面生成了一层主要由Al2TiO5相、锐钛矿TiO2相及金红石TiO2相组成的多孔膜.研究了TC4钛合金微弧氧化前后与45钢、LY12铝合金和紫铜偶合的电偶腐蚀行为.结果表明:3种金属分别与TC4钛合金偶合时,45钢会发生严重的电偶腐蚀,LY12铝合会...     

热浸镀层的海水全浸腐蚀行为研究

在舟山站进行了锌铝合金镀层的海水全浸腐蚀试验,失重腐蚀测试结果表明,其腐蚀深度随全浸时间按抛物线规律变化。XRD和EPMA分析结果表明,镀层表面的钙质沉积层与镀层金属的腐蚀产物及其凝聚的粘土胶体一起构成的复杂的腐蚀产物层,抑制了镀层腐蚀的传质过程和受扩散控制的氧去极化作用,从而使锌铝合金镀层表现出优异的耐海水腐蚀性能。     

镍合金在天然海水中的腐蚀行为

目前,尚未见到关于镍合金在我国海域的腐蚀行为的报道,这给镍合金在海水中的应用带来不便,为此,通过天然海水暴露试验,获得了9种镍合金在青岛海域全浸区、潮汐区暴露1年、2年、4年、7年的腐蚀结果,讨论了它们在海水中的腐蚀行为.结果表明,镍合金在海水中的耐蚀性相差很大.NS334,NS335,NS336,GH3128在海水中有很好的耐蚀性,Hastelloy-G和GH181有好的耐蚀性.镍合金在潮汐区的耐蚀性比全浸区好.机械划伤、加工残余应力增加镍合金对点蚀的敏感性.海生物污损对NS112和NS312在海水中的腐蚀有明显影响.添加Cu,Cr,Mo,W能提高镍合金在海水中的耐蚀性.该试验结果为实际应用提供了参考.     

热镀锌和锌铝合金镀层的微观组织及盐雾腐蚀行为

采用间歇式中性盐雾加速试验方法研究了Q235钢热镀锌及55Al-Zn合金镀层的腐蚀行为，利用扫描电镜（SEM）和能谱仪（EDS）分析了镀层的微观组织和腐蚀产物的成分。镀层的微观组织分析结果表明热镀锌层由表及里是η相（纯锌），ζ相（FeZn13),δ1相（FeZn7）和α固溶体组成；热镀锌铝合金镀层由两层组成，外层由富锌和富铝两相固溶体组成，内层由单一的η相（Fe2Al5)组成。盐雾试验和腐蚀产物分析结果表明，热镀锌铝合金层的耐腐蚀性能优于热镀锌层。     

Cavitation behavior of active thermal-sprayed coatings

As a first stage in the development of active coatings to improve both localized corrosion resistance and cavitation resistance in sea water, we studied flame-sprayed coatings of aluminum, zinc and Zn-15 wt.% Al applied to steel substrates. Cavitation was carried out in distilled water and in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution, and was characterized by weight loss and by scanning electron microscopy. Open-circuit potentials in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution were measured in an attempt to monitor internal fracture, which would allow seepage of solution through the coating to the more noble steel substrate.Cavitation damage rates were found to be significantly higher in the saline solution for the alloy and the aluminum coatings, whereas little sustained change in damage rate was found for the zinc coatings. The data indicate that the strength of the particle matrix essentially governs the overall strenght of the coating. However, in saline solution the effects of alloy strengthening are slightly reduced by the tendency of localized corrosion attack to initiate coating flaws and eventual failure.     

Corrosion properties of thermal sprayed aluminium (TSA) coatings deposited by powder flame spraying

Thermal sprayed aluminium (TSA) coatings are widely used for the protection of steels from aqueous corrosion, including offshore structures and components that are exposed to seawater immersion, tidal and splash zone environments. In this paper, the influence of deposition parameters of aluminium coating on its corrosion properties was studied. For different application parameters of TSA coatings, the thickness, the microstructure and corrosion properties were determined. Determination of thickness was performed according to EN ISO 2064:2000 relating to the definition and determination of the thickness of metallic and other inorganic layers. Microstructure was determined using a Olympus GX50 optical microscope. The corrosion properties of the coatings were compared using an accelerated electrochemical corrosion test method. Electrochemical studies were carried out in accordance with the requirements of ASTM standard G 102 – 89. The TSA coating performance was quantified in terms of its corrosion potential and the corrosion rate, which was estimated from Tafel polarisation resistance measurements.     

Electrochemical characteristics of pipeline-steel with planar-defect epoxy-coating in simulated solutions of Ku'erle soil

An X70 pipeline steel and a low-carbon steel with different types of coating defects were studied using corrosion tests in Ku’erle simulated soil solution containing 0.6000 mol/L Cl⁻. Electrochemical characteristics of the X70 pipeline steel with planar-defect epoxy-coating in simulated solutions of Ku’erle soil were tested. The results show that in 0.6000 mol/L Cl⁻ simulated solution, for low-carbon steel with coating defects (the area ratio is 4.91%), at free corrosion potential and with immersion time, the corrosion with disbond was more severe than that with a break or with break and disbond. In Ku’erle soil simulated solution, when the coating defect area ratio was increased gradually (0.39% → 1.57% → 6.28%), the corrosion of the X70 steel under coating with break was promoted gradually, and the influence of immersion time on the corrosion decreased. The influence of the immersion time on the corrosion was weakened when the defect area ratio increased to a certain degree.     

M38合金表面防护涂层的热腐蚀行为

通过粉末包埋渗的方法在M38高温合金表面制备了4种改性铝化物涂层：NiCr-CrAI、Al-Si、Al-Ti和Co-Al涂层,对比研究了4种涂层在900℃下的涂盐（25％NaCl＋75％Na2SO4质量分数）热腐蚀行为。结果表明,4种改性的铝化物涂层中Al-Ti涂层抗热腐蚀性最好,腐蚀产物连续、致密;Al-Si涂层与Al-Ti涂层抗热腐蚀性相当,但腐蚀表面有局部剥落现象、氧化较严重;Co-Al涂层和NiCr—CrAl涂层抗热腐蚀性能依次降低,其中Co-Al涂层裂纹较严重,NiCr-CrAl涂层氧化较严重。     

海洋环境下热喷涂锌、铝及其合金涂层防腐蚀机理研究概况

综述了国内外几十年来在不同海水环境中对热喷涂锌铝及其合金涂层防护性能和机理研究的成果.热喷涂锌铝及其合金涂层在海洋环境中具有优良的长效防护性能,锌具有优良的电化学保护性,铝具有比锌更好的化学稳定性,锌铝合金既保留了锌的电化学特点,又具有铝的化学稳定性能.指出了今后的研究重点应该是金属与有机复合层在浪花飞溅区苛刻腐蚀环境下界面的腐蚀规律和腐蚀机理的探讨,对金属与有机复合层界面的腐蚀原因在理论上做出了本质的解释,并能预测涂层体系的防腐蚀寿命.     

热浸镀新型高耐蚀锌合金镀层的成分设计及试验研究

为了开发出低成本高耐蚀性合金镀层,通过对新型合金镀层成分进行正交试验设计,在冷轧钢板、热轧钢板及角钢表面通过热浸镀制备不同成分的锌合金镀层,对镀层的锌液流动性、锌灰质量、可镀性、耐蚀性进行了试验研究。结果表明:添加Mg、Ni、Al和V的合金镀层耐蚀性普遍优于传统镀锌和镀Zn-Ni-V合金镀层,Mg对于耐蚀性的影响最显著,Al和Mg元素对合金镀层可镀性的影响最大,在试验含量范围内Ni和V含量对合金镀层可镀性的影响不显著,新型高耐蚀性锌合金镀层成分中各元素的优化水平组合为Mg含量0.3%~0.5%,Al含量≤0.02%,Ni含量0.06%、V含量0.04%。     

Galvanisches Verzinken von Magnesiumlegierungen

Zinc‐Plating of Magnesium Alloys Magnesium alloys are highly susceptible to corrosion that limits their application when exposure to corrosive service conditions is needed. One of the ways to prevent corrosion is to coat the magnesium‐based substrate to avoid a contact with an aggressive environment. Results concerning corrosion behaviour of wrought AZ31 magnesium alloy with electrolytic zinc coatings deposited from different electrolyte solutions are described. Evaluation of corrosion processes in chlorides containing solutions was performed by electrochemical measurements. It was found that thick and dense electrolytic zinc coatings formed on AZ31 significantly improve the corrosion behaviour of magnesium alloy after one hour immersion of zinc coated magnesium alloys in corrosive media. Further increase of immersion time leads to relatively fast decrease of corrosion properties. Electrolytic zinc coatings obtained in consecutive alkaline / acidic process demonstrate an improvement of corrosion resistance of coated AZ31. The time to coating degradation strongly increases.     

Enamel coating for protection of the 316 stainless steel against tribo-corrosion in molten zinc alloy at 460℃

Hot-dip galvanizing provides excellent corrosion and wear resistance for steels.However,the equipment itself,such as the steel roller,immerged in corrosive molten zinc suffers serious material loss during steel's production.Its protection has become the main technique problem in modern galvanizing line.In this study,an enamel coating was designed and prepared.Its tribo-corrosion in molten zinc alloy(Zn-0.2 wt%Al)at 460℃was investigated in comparison with the traditional WC-12 Co composite coating and the 316 stainless steel.Results indicate that the steel suffers serious material damage.Various corrosion products of Fe₂ Al₅ Znx form at the worn surface and the wear scar has reached 200μm deep after merely 5 h tribo-corrosion.Though the two coatings provide an improved tribo-corrosion resistance,for the WC-12 Co coating,its chemical reaction with the molten zinc increases brittleness and promotes cracking.The synergistic wear and corrosion cause its degradation.The enamel coating performs better during tribo-corrosion.It is chemically stable in molten zinc thus able to provide high corrosion resistance.In addition,the amorphous[Si04]network and the self-lubricating CaF₂ crystallite help it to build up an intact amorphous glaze layer readily at surface on sliding,leading to a reduced wear loss.During the whole tribo-corrosion process,the enamel coating is completely free of cracking,and the Zn penetration is inhibited.     

In vitro corrosion testing of PVD coatings applied to a surgical grade Co–Cr–Mo alloy

Toxic effects and biological reaction of metallic corrosion and wear products are an important concern for metal on metal artificial joints. Corrosion tests were conducted to study the susceptibility to pitting and localized corrosion, with three coatings, CrN, TiN and DLC, applied to a wrought high carbon Co–Cr–Mo alloy substrate material. Corrosion testing involved the measurement of potential time transients during immersion in a physiological solution and cyclic polarization of specimen potentials into the transpassive range followed by reversal of the potential to scan in the cathodic direction to regain the rest potential E_rest. Resistance to pitting and localized corrosion was assessed by determining the transpassive breakdown potential E _bd and if any hysteresis generated during the reverse cyclic scan may have caused crossover with the original anodic scan. Three different surface coating conditions were tested namely: (1) as-coated, (2) polished, and (3) indented to penetrate the coating by diamond pyramid hardness indentor. Results showed that all three coatings produced significant improvements in corrosion resistance compared to performance of the wrought cobalt alloy but that some corrosive attack to both the CrN and TiN coatings occurred and some risk of attack to the cobalt alloy substrate existed due to coating defects or when damage to the coating occurred. TiN coatings were highly effective in preventing corrosion provided they were thick enough to produce complete coverage. Thin TiN coatings displayed some tendency to encourage localized attack of the cobalt alloy at coating defects or where the coating suffered mechanical damage. CrN coatings underwent transpassive breakdown more easily and some degree of pitting at defects within the coating was observed, especially when the CrN coating was polished before the test. No corrosive attack of the cobalt alloy substrate was observed when the CrN coating was mechanically damaged by indentation. DLC coatings produced were much thinner than either of the other two coatings and proved to be rather fragile. They were less effective in preventing apparently high corrosion currents and possibly high rates of corrosion.     

可降解生物医用Zn-1Al合金的制备及性能研究

以商业铸态纯锌和纯铝为原料,制备得到Zn-1Al铸态合金。利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察Zn-1Al铸态合金的显微组织,利用万能试验机测定Zn-1Al铸态合金的压缩力学性能,利用模拟体液浸泡实验表征Zn-1Al铸态合金的生物降解性能和诱导Ca-P沉积能力。结果表明,向Zn中加入1%(质量分数)的合金元素Al后,铸态纯锌的显微组织明显细化,且Zn-1Al合金的压缩力学性能也较铸态纯锌明显提高。模拟体液浸泡实验结果表明铸态Zn-1Al合金在浸泡过程中降解速率与铸态纯锌相比未出现明显差别,但Zn-1Al合金能更有效地诱导Ca-P沉积。     

Corrosion resistance of a silane/ceria modified Mg--Al-layered double hydroxide on AA5005 aluminum alloy

The present work aimed at assessing the electrochemical behavior and the corrosion inhibition performance of Mg--Al-layered double hydroxide (LDH) coatings modified with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) and cerium nitrate on AA5005 aluminum alloy. The chemical compositions and surface morphologies of the coatings were investigated by XRD, FT-IR and FE-SEM, while their corrosion resistance was evaluated by electrochemical and immersion tests. An optimum corrosion resistance of the composite coatings was obtained by adding 10⁻² mol·L⁻¹ cerium nitrate. An excess addition of cerium nitrate resulted in a loose structure and poor corrosion resistance of the coating. The corrosion mechanism of the composite coatings was proposed and discussed.     

Zn-Al-Mg-RE涂层在含SRB海水中的耐腐蚀性与机理

利用高速电弧喷涂技术在Q235钢基体上制备Zn-Al-Mg-RE涂层,采用环氧改性有机硅树脂对涂层进行封孔,在含硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)海水中浸泡后,采用EIS,PC等方法研究Zn-Al-Mg-RE涂层在SRB一个生长周期内的腐蚀行为,并对涂层进行表面微观形貌和化学成分分析,探讨其腐蚀机理。结果表明:封孔和未封孔的Zn-Al-Mg-RE涂层在含SRB海水中的腐蚀速率均呈先增大后减小的趋势;封孔后Zn-Al-Mg-RE涂层的耐腐蚀性得到较大提高。经过浸泡后的Zn-Al-Mg-RE涂层表面覆盖了一层微生物和腐蚀产物组成的混合物层和钝化膜层,避免了涂层进一步遭受损坏。     

预氧化铝硅涂层在1150℃下混合硫酸盐中的热腐蚀行为

为探究预氧化处理对改善金属粘结层在超过1 000℃时抗热腐蚀性能的有效性,较为系统地考察了预氧化铝硅涂层在1 150℃下混合硫酸盐中的热腐蚀行为,并探讨了其作用机理。结果表明:预氧化处理能够较好地改善铝硅涂层在超过1 000℃时的抗热腐蚀性能,并且其热腐蚀动力学曲线在前60 h内呈现出近似抛物线规律;然而,预氧化铝硅涂层一旦发生内氧化,其腐蚀较未预氧化处理的将更加迅速,这与其在热腐蚀前期抗氧化元素Al的消耗较大有关。     

Study on growth factors of intermetallic layer within hot-dipped 25% Al-Zn alloy coating on steel

25% A1-Zn alloy coating performs better than hot dip galvanized coating and 55% A1-Zn-Si coating with regard to general seawater corrosion protection. This study deals with the interfacial intermetallic layer’s growth, which affects considerably the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of 25%A1-Zn alloy coatings, by means of three-factor quadratic regressive orthogonal experiments. The regression equation shows that the intermetallic layer thickness decreases rapidly with increasing content of Si added to the Zn-Al alloy bath, increases with rise in bath temperature and prolonging dip time. The most effective factor that determined the thickness of intermetallic layer was the amount of Si added to Zn-Al alloy bath, while the effect of bath temperature and dip time on the thickness of intermetallic layer were not very obvious.     

Fabrication and characterization of bioactive composite coatings on Mg–Zn–Ca alloy by MAO/sol–gel

High corrosion rate and accumulation of hydrogen gas upon degradation impede magnesium alloys’ clinical application as implants. In this work, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) was used to fabricate a porous coating on magnesium alloys as an intermediate layer to enhance the bonding strength of propolis layer. Then the composite coatings were fabricated using sol–gel method by dipping sample into the solution containing propolis and polylactic acid at 40°C. The corrosion resistance of the samples was determined based on potentiodynamic polarization experiments and immersion tests. Biocompatibility was designed by observing the attachment and growth of wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJCs) on substrates with MAO coating and substrates with composite coatings. The results showed that, compared with that of Mg–Zn–Ca alloy, the corrosion current density of the samples with composite coatings decreased from 5.37 × 10⁻⁵ to 1.10 × 10⁻⁶ A/cm² and the corrosion potential increased by 240 mV. Composite coatings exhibit homogeneous corrosion behavior and can promote WJCs cell adhesion and proliferation. In the meantime, pH value was relatively stable during the immersion tests, which may be significant for cellular survival. In conclusion, our results indicate that composite coatings on Mg–Zn–Ca alloy fabricated by MAO/sol–gel method provide a new type bioactive material.