印楝素对黄粉虫生长发育、能量储存及相关消化酶的影响

[目的]为了解印楝素对鞘翅目昆虫生长发育和繁殖的影响及其作用机理,以黄粉虫末龄幼虫为试材,开展了印楝素对黄粉虫代谢过程中几种主要储能物质及其相关酶影响研究。[方法]食料浸药后饲喂试虫,称其体质量,采用紫外分光光度法等测定了黄粉虫储能物质及中肠消化酶的生物活性。[结果]随着浸药质量浓度增加,黄粉虫体质量增量下降且龄期延长;可溶性总蛋白、糖原和脂质合成减少;胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性均有下降,而体外试验检测上述3种酶没有发现其活性发生显著变化。[结论]印楝素在体内能够间接降低黄粉虫消化酶的活性,导致储能物质减少,从而明显抑制黄粉虫的生长发育。     

Effects of Edible Insect Tenebrio molitor Larva Fermentation Extract as a Substitute Protein on Hepatosteatogenesis and Proteomic Changes in Obese Mice Induced by High-Fat Diet

Mealworms (Tenebrio molitor larva) are an edible insect and a protein-rich food; however, research on mealworms as a substitute protein is insufficient. In this study, mealworm fermentation extract (TMP) was assessed as a replacement for soy protein (SP) in a control diet (CON) or a high-fat diet (HFD) of mice for 12 weeks. TMP substitution reduced body weight, body weight gain, body fat mass (perirenal and mesenteric), fat size, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance compared to the HFD-SP group. TMP alleviated hepatic steatosis (lipid contents and lipid droplets) in high-fat-fed mice and down-regulated the PPARγ, CD36, and DGAT2 gene levels. Proteomic analysis showed that a HFD for 12 weeks up-regulated 20 proteins and down-regulated 17 proteins in mice fed SP. On the other hand, TMP reversed the protein profiles. TMP significantly down-regulated KHK, GLO1, ATP5H, SOD, and DDAH1 and up-regulated DLD, Mup1, CPS1, Ces3b, PDI, and HYOU1 compared to the HFD-SP group. These proteins are involved in the glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, as well as in oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Thus, substituting SP for TMP helped improve HFD-induced obesity, steatosis, and insulin resistance in mice. These results suggest that TMP is a potential substitute for commonly used protein sources.     

Aggregation in yellow mealworms,Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae

Late-instar larvalTenebrio molitor L. were found to be attracted to aqueous extracts of conspecific larval frass. The attraction was evident at both the individual and group level. The attraction of larval groups to frass indicated the possibility of an aggregation pheromone that would be chemically distinct in the mealworm environment. Chemical analysis of short carbon chain acids present in both the mealworm frass and the diet indicated that lactic acid was present in the mealworm frass only. Acetic acid was identified in both the diet and the larval frass. Larvae aggregated on filter papers treated with aqueous frass extracts that had been dried and also on those freshly wetted. The larvae also aggregated on dried or freshly wetted papers treated with lactic acid, but failed to aggregate on freshly wetted papers or dried papers treated with acetic acid. The role of excreted lactic acid as a discriminant of already infested and, therefore, safer environmental regions is discussed.     

辅酶Q10的性质及其在化妆品中的应用

本文介绍了辅酶Ｑ１０的性质及其在化妆品中的应用,作为皮肤中天然的抗氧剂和代谢激活剂,辅酶Ｑ１０可用于抗皱、清除自由基等化妆品中,是一个非常有应用前景的护肤活性原料     

果酸在化妆品中的应用

综述了应用于化妆品中的果酸的种类及其作用机理,介绍了常用的果酸检测方法及其在化妆品中的浓度限制,并简述了果酸在国内外化妆品、个人护理用品中的应用。     

麦芽油衍生物在化妆品中的应用

介绍了麦芽油衍生物的特性,结构及其在化妆品配方中的应用。     

荠菜提取物在化妆品中的应用

介绍中国传统药食同源植物荠菜(Capsella bursa-pastoris)的植物来源、采用部位、有效成分的种类及其名称、主要有效成分的化学结构、提取加工方法、药理作用和研究、使用安全性、以及在化妆品中的应用。     

油脂水解生产脂肪酸工艺选择

文章阐述了以天然油脂为原料生产脂肪酸的发展前景,分析了影响油脂水解的因素,详细介绍了工业上常用的三种油脂水解的生产工艺,并对最先进的生产工艺做出选择。     

Mineral Oil Hydrocarbons (MOSH/MOAH) in Edible Oils and Possible Minimization by Deodorization Through the Example of Cocoa Butter

Mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOH) are present in many fats and oils as well as foods prepared thereof. A survey of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) in different types of vegetable fats and oils is reported. Contents of MOSH/MOAH were quantified using liquid chromatography online‐coupled to gas chromatography with flame‐ionization detection (LC‐GC‐FID). Cocoa butter (n = 142) showed levels from <LOQ (2.5 mg kg^?1) to 162 mg kg^?1 ΣMOSH (sum of C10–C50) and <LOQ to 55 mg kg^?1 ΣMOAH, in palm oil (n = 21) ΣMOSH were quantified from <LOQ to 124 mg kg^?1 and ΣMOAH from <LOQ to 39 mg kg^?1. Sunflower oil showed lower levels: ΣMOSH were determined in the range of <LOQ to 17 mg kg^?1 and MOAH were not observed at all. A possible influence of deodorization and a subsequent minimization of MOSH/MOAH was investigated. Systematic model‐experiments were performed on laboratory scale using spiked cocoa butter. Significant minimization of volatile MOH subfractions ≤C24 were observed at a deodorization temperature of 210 °C. Deodorization can be considered as an important processing step to reduce or even remove volatile MOSH/MOAH ≤C24. Practical Applications: Regardless of their possible entry routes into the food chain, volatile fractions of MOSH/MOAH can be removed by deodorizing vegetable fats and oils. This model‐study identifies the temperatures of deodorization that provide a significant improvement toward minimization of undesired MOSH/MOAH.     

载体在农药固体制剂中的应用与发展

阐述了载体对固体制剂质量和能耗的影响以及十种常用农药载体的性质和应用,并对我国农药载体的发展提出了建议。     

水溶性高分子化合物在化妆品配方中的应用

本文介绍了化妆品中常用的水溶性高分子化合物的性能、应用及参考配方。     

金莲花挥发油成分分析及其在单料烟加香中的应用

分别采用水蒸气蒸馏、同时蒸馏萃取、超声、闪式、先超声后同时蒸馏萃取,先闪式后同时蒸馏萃取6种提取方法提取金莲花挥发油,运用GC-MS分析挥发油的成分,并进行单料烟加香试验。结果表明：①金莲花挥发油得率分别为0.20%、0.67%、2.31%、2.67%、0.82%、0.78%,分别鉴定出20、30、19、18、37、30种成分;其中β紫罗兰酮、二氢猕猴桃内酯等为主要的香气成分;超声和闪式提取方法虽然挥发油得率高,但是杂质也较多,先超声后同时蒸馏萃取的挥发油优于其他几种。②在烟丝中,添加适量金莲花挥发油,能提高卷烟烟气的香气质和香气量,降低刺激性,改善余味,先超声后同时蒸馏萃取的挥发油加香效果最好。     

Repellency of volatile fatty acids present in frass of larval yellow mealworms,Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), to larval conspecifics

Frass of late-instar larvae ofTenebrio molitor L. contained 0.0889 g of butyric acid, 0.0279 g of propionic acid, and 0.0175 g of valeric acid per 100 g. Grouped larvae were strongly repelled by butyric acid at the 10^–1 M concentration. Lower concentrations of butyric acid were less repellent. Valeric acid was repellent at 10^–1 M to 10^–3 M concentrations, below which no tested concentration, including one identical to that occurring in prepared solutions of frass found to be attractive, displayed any effect. Propionic acid was repellent at the concentration in prepared solutions of frass, which were strongly attractive. Concentrations of 10^–1 M, 10^–3 M, and 10^–4 M propionic acid were also found to be repellent. The implications of the repellency of these compounds to groups of mealworm larvae are discussed, with particular reference to the interaction between these frass components and others that have already been studied.     

原花青素在化妆品领域的研究与开发现状

本文着重介绍国外原花青素在皮肤抗皱、防晒美白、保湿等化妆品领域的研究现状 ,为其在化妆品领域的深入研究和开发提供理论参考。     

Application of Infrared Spectroscopy for Characterization of Dietary Omega‐3 Oil Supplements

Fish oil dietary supplements have been linked with health benefits, due to high omega‐3 concentration. The sources of these effects, polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, are almost exclusively found in seafood products. Our objectives were to characterize the composition of commercial omega‐3 dietary supplements dietary supplements and to generate partial least square regression (PLSR) models using infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics. Fatty acid (FA) composition of oils was determined by FA methyl ester gas chromatography. The supplements encompassed a wide range of FA profiles and delivery methods. Infrared spectral data were collected by portable mid‐infrared Fourier transform infrared (MID FT‐IR) equipment. Principal components analysis (PCA) separated samples based on the type of ester present in the fish oil dietary supplements, showing a strong influence of the 1038 cm^?1 band, which is typically associated with C=C and C–O stretching vibrations. In addition, PLSR was used to correlate the spectra data with GC‐FAME results. PCA using the spectroscopy data allowed for tight clustering of fish oil into distinct classes, depending on the source and processing. PLSR using MID FT‐IR spectra and FA composition generated multivariate models with high correlation coefficient (R ≥ 0.93), and SEP between 0.53 and 2.13 g of FA per 100 g of oil. Our results indicate that IR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics provides for robust screening of FA composition of fish oil supplements, and discriminate types of FAs esterification.     

水基性透明液体剂型的加工、性能和差异(Ⅱ)

4 微乳剂 早在20世纪40年代,Hoar和Schulman等人发现油-水混合物借助表面活性剂可以自发地形成透明的分散体系,由于所形成的液滴粒径非常小,后来将这种体系命名为微乳液.此后证明,它是一个热力学上稳定的、均相的水包油型乳液可溶体系,加工的微乳液剂型即为微乳剂. 微乳液存在3种结构类型,即O/W型、W/O型和双连续相结构(也称为中间相微乳型).这3种类型可以在一定条件下互相转变[10].农药上的微乳剂大都为以水为连续相的O/W型乳液.     

金莲花挥发油成分分析及其在卷烟加香中的应用

分别采用水蒸气蒸馏、同时蒸馏萃取、超声、闪式、先超声后同时蒸馏萃取、先闪式后同时蒸馏萃取6种提取方法提取金莲花挥发油,运用GC-MS分析挥发油的成分,并进行卷烟加香实验。结果表明:金莲花挥发油得率分别为0.20%、0.67%、2.31%、2.67%、0.82%、0.78%,分别鉴定出20、30、19、18、37、30种成分;其中,β-紫罗兰酮、二氢猕猴桃内酯等为主要的香气成分;超声和闪式提取方法虽然挥发油得率高,但是杂质也较多,先超声后同时蒸馏萃取的挥发油优于其他几种。在烟丝中,添加适量金莲花挥发油,能提高卷烟烟气的香气质和香气量,降低刺激性,改善余味,先超声后同时蒸馏萃取的挥发油加香效果最好。     

层序地层学在西区沙二下油藏中的应用

1　油藏地质概况濮城油田西区沙二下油藏位于濮城长轴背斜西翼 ,构造高点在濮 3- 32 1 - 3- 98- 3- 31 7井一线 ,闭合高度约 40 0m ,含油高度 2 1 0m ,埋深 -2 65 0～ - 2 80 0m ,油水界面为 - 2 80 0m～ -2 81 0m ,含油面积 5 .0 3km2 ,石油地质储量 632 .9× 1 0 4 t,可采储量 2 2 9× 1 0 4t。原油具有低密度、低粘度、低含硫的特点 ,地层水总矿化度 2 6×1 0 4 ppm。平均孔隙度为 1 9 7% ,平均渗透率为97 2× 1 0 - 3μm2 ,地质储量分别为 632 .9× 1 0 4 t。属常压构造———岩性油藏。2　开发简历及现状该油藏自 1 981年投入开发至今 …     

Chemical Composition and Characteristics of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Commiphora wightii</Emphasis> (Arnott) Bhandari Seed Oil

The seeds of Commiphora wightii (Arnott) Bhandari contain 9.8 ± 0.7% oil. The fatty acid composition and chemical properties of the extracted oil were determined. Gas liquid chromatography of the methyl esters of the fatty acids shows the presence of 46.62% saturated fatty acids and 51.40% unsaturated fatty acids. The fatty acid composition is as follows: capric acid 3.50%, myristic acid 14.51%, palmitic acid 6.68%, stearic acid 4.70%, arachidic acid 3.18%, behenic acid 14.05%, myristoleic acid 1.34%, palmitoleic acid 12.07%, oleic acid 14.15%, eicosenoic acid 0.11%, linoleic acid 22.34% and alpha linoleic acid 1.37%.     

蓖麻油聚氧乙烯(80)醚的合成及其在丙纶油剂中的应用

以蓖麻油和环氧乙烷为原料,碱土金属作催化剂,合成了蓖麻油聚氧乙烯(80)醚。探讨了催化剂种类,催化剂用量,反应温度对产品的影响。通过对影响目标产物色泽、外观、羟值、皂化值和浊点的主要因素进行了优化得到了适宜的反应条件,及所得产物在丙纶化纤油剂中的应用。