秤锤树雌、雄配子体发育的研究

秤锤树(Sinojakia rylocarpa  Hu)为我国特产的稀有观赏树木。迄今，国内外对其胚   胎发育缺乏系统报道，本文报告这方面的研究结果。  其花药为4个花粉囊组成，小孢子四   分体呈四面体形排列，小孢子母细胞减数分裂时，胞质分裂属于同时型。2胞花粉，具 3 孔沟，   有不规则穴状纹饰。 花药壁的分化过程为双子叶植物型，在其成熟时，药室内壁和部分表皮细   胞的细胞壁上出现微弱的条状纤维加厚。腺质绒毡层。雌蕊为3心皮构成，开放型花柱，子房   内含多枚倒生胚珠。单珠被，薄珠心，未发现珠孔塞结构。大孢子四分体多呈线形，个别的为   T形。蓼型胚囊。受精前，2个极核相互靠拢，但未见融合。反足细胞较小，寿命似较长。成熟   胚囊中充满淀粉粒。从有关胚胎发生的资料分析，野茉莉科与柿树科、山榄科、山矾科关系密  切，这支持了将它们共同列入柿树目的植物分类系统的观点。     

Curcumin Suppresses the Production of Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-18 in Lipopolysaccharide Stimulated Murine Macrophage-Like Cells

Curcumin is a major bioactive compound of turmeric that exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the many pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in a number of cell types and pathologic conditions. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a novel pro-inflammatory cytokine which plays an important role not only in generating Th1 responses but also in inducing severe inflammatory reactions. As curcumin induced inhibition of IL-18 production in keratinocytes and mice is well known, effect of curcumin on IL-18 release in macrophages remains unknown. Hence, this present study has been designed to evaluate the effect of curcumin on IL-18 production and necrotic cell death in murine macrophages-like cells treated with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The IL-18 secretion in cell culture supernatants was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and cytotoxicity was determined by lactate dehydrogenase release assay. Our results demonstrate that curcumin significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-18 in E.coli LPS stimulated murine macrophage-like cells RAW264.7 in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, curcumin had no cytotoxic effect on murine macrophage-like cells. Our findings suggest that curcumin may be used as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.     

Effect of Turmeric and its Active Principle Curcumin on T<Subscript>3</Subscript>-Induced Oxidative Stress and Hyperplasia in Rat Kidney: A Comparison

The present study was designed to compare the potential of turmeric and its active principle curcumin on T₃-induced oxidative stress and hyperplasia. Adult male Wistar strain rats were rendered hyperthyroid by T₃ treatment (10 μg · 100 g⁻¹ · day⁻¹ intraperitoneal for 15 days in 0.1 mM NaOH) to induce renal hyperplasia. Another two groups were treated similarly with T₃ along with either turmeric or curcumin (30 mg kg⁻¹ body weight day⁻¹ orally for 15 days). The results indicate that T₃ induces both hypertrophy and hyperplasia in rat kidney as evidenced by increase in cell number per unit area, increased protein content, tubular dilation and interstitial edema. These changes were accompanied by increased mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity without any change in catalase activity and glutathione content suggesting an oxidative predominance. Both turmeric and curcumin were able to restore the level of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity in the present dose schedule. T₃-induced histo-pathological changes were restored with turmeric treatment whereas curcumin administration caused hypoplasia. This may be due to lower concentration of curcumin in the whole turmeric. Thus it is hypothesized that regulation of cell cycle in rat kidney by T₃ is via reactive oxygen species and curcumin reveres the changes by scavenging them. Although the response trends are comparable for both turmeric and curcumin, the magnitude of alteration is more in the later. Turmeric in the current dose schedule is a safer bet than curcumin in normalizing the T₃-induced hyperplasia may be due to the lower concentration of the active principle in the whole spice.     

活络祛痹贴膏抗炎镇痛作用及其机制研究

目的:探讨活络祛痹贴膏的抗炎镇痛作用及其机制研究,为其在临床中应用提供实验依据.方法:采用小鼠热板法、小鼠耳肿胀法、大鼠足肿胀法,贴敷给药7天,考察小鼠镇痛抗炎作用,采用Elisa测定足肿胀大鼠血清中白介素-6(IL-6)和抗肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)的表达水平.结果:活络祛痹贴膏高剂量组(10g·kg-1)可显著提高热板法小鼠痛阈值,显著减轻小鼠的耳肿胀度和大鼠足肿胀度(P＜0.05).活络祛痹贴膏中剂量组(7.5g·kg-1)可显著降低大鼠血清中IL-6和TNF-α的表达水平(P＜0.05).结论:活络祛痹贴膏具有抗炎、镇痛作用,可能通过影响血清中IL-6和TNF-α含量来实现.     

Effect of immobilisation stress on lipid peroxidation and lipid profile in rabbits

Stress is one of the basic factors in the aetiology of a number of diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, aging, liver disease etc. Hence this work was designed to study the effect of stress in the form of forced immobilisation stress on lipid peroxidation and lipid profile in rabbits. The study was conducted in 25 healthy rabbits of either sex. Rabbits were subjected to forced immobilisation for two hours everyday for consecutive seven days. Blood samples were collected on day 1, 3 and 7 after immobilisation period. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation was estimated by TBA assay method. Lipid profile was analysed by multichannel autoanalyser. There was statistically significant increase in MDA, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL and triglycerides with immobilisation. These findings indicate that stress in the form of forced immobilisation increases lipid peroxidation and alter lipid profile, which may be responsible for pathophysiology of various diseases.     

银杏成熟花粉的形态、侧向萌发及其意义

刚从小孢子囊中散发出的银杏Ginkgo biloba L．成熟花粉为圆球形,具有巨大的单一萌发区。萌发区由两部分半圆形的、几近垂直的外壁围成。除萌发区外,花粉的外壁被有较致密的不规则的纹理和小刺。当花粉在空中或冷储条件下滞留一段时间后,即转变为两侧对称的船形,但在培养液中又很快转变为近圆球形。离体和活体实验都表明,银杏雄配子体萌发初期,管核都转过了一定的角度,并继而发生侧向萌发,但没有活性的花粉除变为圆球形外无其他变化。这些表明,花粉管的内部特征决定了银杏雄配子体侧向萌发的典型特征。这一稳定的生物学特性,加上银杏花粉的特殊形态特征,与苏铁属、松属等有明显的区别。这可能是银杏特殊系统位置的一个关键特征。     

七子花小孢子发生和雄配子体发育的研究

报道了七子花(Heptacodium miconioides)小孢子的发生及雄配子体形成的过程，主要结果如下：七子花的花药壁有7～10层细胞，药室内壁有带状加厚现象，变形绒毡层；小孢子母细胞减数分裂时的胞质分裂为同时型；四分孢子有四面体形和左右对称形两种；成熟花粉粒为三细胞型；小孢子发生和雄配子体形成过程存在败育现象。     

青少年男子田径运动员成熟度对运动损伤率影响的研究

目的:描述青少年田径运动员经常受伤的类型和严重程度,同时调查成熟度对损伤发生的影响。方法:采用人体测量法,测定骨龄来判断成熟状态;采用追踪调查法,连续4年记录13~16岁男子田径运动员受伤情况。结果:田径运动中短跑和跨栏组的运动员受伤率最高,达94.7%;受伤部位主要发生在足/踝/小腿,达39.42%;损伤中轻度损伤占的比例最高,达46.2%;与早成熟EM(0.656)和正常成熟NM(0.281)的青少年运动员相比,晚成熟(LM)运动员的受伤率(1.45)有明显的增加。结论:在田径运动中,青少年男子运动员中LM或EM的运动员受伤率都比NM运动员高,尤其是晚成熟的运动员受伤率最高。建议在预防田径运动损伤时应该考虑成熟状态的影响。     

男女企业家创业行业选择差异的影响因素及其作用机制研究

传统的行业选择差异主要从能力分工和行业吸引力等角度进行分析,无法很好地解释个体在新创企业时究竟该选择进入何种行业。企业家在企业中起主导作用,尤其在初创期内企业家对创业活动的整个过程均产生重要影响。从创业者自身角度出发,运用企业家理论和社会网络理论分析了初创期男女企业家创业行业选择差异的影响因素,并通过合理的逻辑推演构建起一个全新的概念模型,描述了各影响因素之间的动态作用机制。     

刺五加胚和胚乳发育的研究

 刺五加Eleutherococcus senticosus(Rupr .et Maxim．)Maxim的胚胎发生类型为茄型。其卵细胞受精后,合子经历15天左右的休眠期才进行第一次分裂。合子分裂通常发生在胚乳细胞化之后,经棒形胚、球形胚、至果实成熟时发育到心形胚。棒形胚后期至心形胚初期,胚柄最为发达。刺五加的胚乳发育类型为核型。其初生胚乳核的休眠期为1天左右。当胚乳游离核数目增加到200至300时,胚乳以自由生长细胞壁的方式细胞化,胚乳细胞以典型的有丝分裂方式进一步增殖,增加细胞数目。球形胚时期,胚乳细胞内开始贮藏营养物质。少数种子的胚乳里存在巨大细胞核的异型胚乳细胞。在胚乳游离核为32至64个时,分化出珠被绒毡层;球形胚时期,珠被绒毡层解体。珠被绒毡层解体后,胚乳表层细胞分化为分泌层。球形胚至心形胚阶段,约有5％的种子里,胚与胚乳组织发生弥散样降解。成熟果实中,含有大量的瘪粒种子和虫咬种子;饱满种子率为40％左右。饱满种子中,胚乳组织占据种子体积的绝大部分,胚所占比率很小。讨论了不同发育时期胚和胚乳的营养供应。     

刺五加大、小孢子发生和雌、雄配子体发育的观察

 刺五加Eleutherococcus senticosus(Rupr．et Maxim．)Maxim．雄株的小孢子发生和雄配子体发育过 程正常,大孢子发生和雌配子体发育过程多不正常。雄花具5个花药,花药4室,药壁发育属双子叶型, 腺质绒毡层,绒毡层细胞多具2核。小孢子母细胞经减数分裂形成四面体形四分体,其胞质分裂为同时 型。成熟花粉为3细胞型。子房下位,5室;每室有上胚珠和下胚珠,上胚珠退化,下胚珠倒生、具单珠 被、厚珠心;大孢子母细胞经减数分裂形成线形或“T”形四分体,偶尔有2个并列或串联的四分体或在 四分体之上又出现孢原细胞。其功能大孢子位置不确定。雌配子体发育中异常现象较多。开花时,雌 配子体主要为反足细胞退化后的四细胞胚囊。刺五加雌株的小孢子母细胞不能进行减数分裂或减数分 裂不正常,不能形成四分体。开花时,药室空瘪,无花粉形成。其大孢子发生和雌配子体发育过程正常, 大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成线形或“T”形四分体,合点端大孢子为功能大孢子,胚囊发育属蓼型。开花 时,雌配子体主要为七细胞八核或七细胞七核胚囊,其卵器尚未发育成熟。刺五加两性株的小孢子发生 过程无异常,但雄配子体发育过程有部分异常;开花时,药室内有或多或少的空花粉,且花粉粒大小悬 殊,大的直径达35μm,小的仅15～18 μm。两性株的雌蕊发育大部分正常,也有一些异常胚囊形成。开 花时,雌配子体主要是七细胞八核胚囊、七细胞七核胚囊和反足细胞退化后的四细胞胚囊,其卵器也未发育成熟。     

阿霉素对兔血清NO含量和心肌细胞肌浆网Ca2+-ATP酶活性的影响

为探讨阿霉素（ＡＤＲ）对心脏的慢性毒性作用,将新西兰纯种兔１８只随机分成ＡＤＲ组和对照组。ＡＤＲ组每周静脉注射一次生理盐水配制的ＡＤＲ,每公斤体重２ｍｇ,共８次。对照组仅注射生理盐水。于末次注射后３周,测量兔的心输出量（ＣＯ）、颈动脉压（ＢＰ）、劲动脉平均压（ＭＡＰ）、左心室收缩压（ＬＶＳＰ）和左心室舒张末压（ＬＶＥＤＰ）及心肌肌浆网（ＳＲ）的Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性均明显低于对照组;ＬＶＥＤＰ和     

男护的心理现状及社会认同度调查分析

随着越来越多的男护士涉足护理行业,打破了传统观念——护理是女性所特有的行业,并为护理事业全面深入的发展注入新的活力。但由于中国数千年的传统观念的束缚,男护得不到大众的认可,社会认同度较低。这种观念在一定程度上也影响着在校男护生和在职男护的工作、生活和学习,使他们不同程度地存在一些心理问题。通过＂男护心理状态及社会认同度调查分析＂的问卷调查,了解男护的心理状态以及社会对他们的认同度,找到解决问题的办法,消除心理问题。     

师范类女大学生对男性面孔偏爱内隐态度研究

为了探讨师范类女大学生对男性面孔的偏好,本研究运用SC-IAT范式和EAST范式测量师范类女大学生的内隐社会认知。实验一运用阴柔男性面孔图片当做实验材料,实验二运用阴柔男性和阳刚男性的面孔图片当做刺激材料,结果发现：①师范女大学生对阴柔男性面孔图片无明显偏好。②师范类女大学生偏爱阳刚男性面孔图片。     

学前教育专业男生积极心理品质培养策略探析

积极心理品质包含个体思想、情感和行为等一系列心理行为,如爱心、乐观、挑战、奉献等方面。近年来,国家在政策法规方面鼓励男性进入幼儿教育行业,越来越多男生选择学前教育专业,但很多的学前教育专业男生存在专业认同困惑、职业认同感低、自我内驱力低等心理方面的问题。要帮助学前教育专业男生树立正确的价值观,进行职业生涯的规划,增加其自信心和自豪感;加强职业技能培养,增强其使命感与责任感,寻找适合学前教育专业男生的培养方式。