炭黑导电混凝土和碳纤维炭黑导电混凝土电热试验

目的为开发出融雪化冰或室内升温用的新型功能混凝土材料,研究炭黑导电混凝土(Carbon Black Conductive Concrete)和复掺碳纤维炭黑导电混凝土(Carbon fiber-carbon Black Diphasic Conductive Concrete)的导电性能以及电热效应.方法通过制作两种材料插有电极的立方体混凝土试块并测量记录不同龄期下的电阻率,比较分析两种材料的导电性能,并考虑碳纤维对导电性的影响作用.将两种材料试块分别串联进直流电路中,观察其通电发热情况并比较发热效果和电阻率的变化情况.结果相对于炭黑导电混凝土,复掺碳纤维炭黑导电混凝土的导电性更好,其中炭黑掺量为1%、碳纤维掺量为2%的试块电阻率低于100Ω·cm.两种材料通电发热速率均比较稳定且升温效果较好.单掺炭黑导电混凝土试块电阻率随通电时间延长变化较稳定,而复掺碳纤维炭黑试块电阻率受极化效应影响较大.结论相对于单掺炭黑导电混凝土,复掺碳纤维炭黑导电混凝土有更好的导电性,但其电阻率稳定性还有待研究.而单掺炭黑导电混凝土在通电发热试验中,其电阻率变化较小,具有较好的电阻率稳定性.     

石墨砂浆渗浇钢纤维混凝土导电机理研究(英文)

系统地研究了石墨砂浆渗浇钢纤维混凝土(GSIFCON)的导电性能。试验研究了不同掺量石墨对石墨砂浆的流动性和GSIFCON的力学性能的影响,并优选出了石墨的最佳掺量。分别测定了在交流电和直流电作用下,GSIFCON的电阻率变化。试验结果表明,石墨掺量对GSIFCON电阻率变化有明显的影响且存在明显的渗滤阈值。通过对SIFCON(砂浆渗浇钢纤维混凝土)和GSIFCON电阻率变化的分析,给出了GSIFCON的导电机理模型。     

碳纤维石墨导电沥青砂浆压敏性能研究

以碳纤维与石墨作为导电相材料,通过室内制备导电沥青砂浆试验,分析了不同碳纤维掺量、石墨掺量、石墨碳纤维两相复合对沥青砂浆电阻率的影响;通过循环加载试验分析了材料的压敏性及可逆性;引入电阻率变化率Fn、单位应力下电阻率变化值Kn两个参数,通过数理统计,探讨了不同循环加载次数下Fn、Kn变化的规律与趋势。试验结果表明:碳纤维与石墨的掺入可以有效降低沥青砂浆的电阻率;材料电导率随压应力的增加而增加,随压应力的卸载而下降,有较好的压敏性;Fn、Kn随循环加载次数有很好的相关关系;随着循环荷载次数的增加,单位应力下电阻率变化值减小,机敏可逆性趋于稳定;进一步改善材料设计,减少材料的塑性变形,对保证初期检测结果的可靠性十分重要。     

石墨砂浆渗浇钢纤维混凝土导电机理研究

系统地研究了石墨砂浆渗浇钢纤维混凝土（GSIFCON）的导电性能。试验研究了不同掺量石墨对石墨砂浆的流动性和GSIFCON的力学性能的影响，并优选出了石墨的最佳掺量。分别测定了在交流电和直流电作用下，GSIFCON的电阻率变化。试验结果表明，石墨掺量对GSIFCON电阻率变化有明显的影响且存在明显的渗滤阈值。通过对SIFCON（砂浆渗浇钢纤维混凝土）和GSIFCON电阻率变化的分析，给出了GSIFCON的导电机理模型。     

掺碳纤维和石墨水泥砂浆电学性能研究

利用四电极法研究了内掺水泥基渗透结晶防水材料(CCCW)的碳纤维石墨水泥砂浆试样水化期间和硬化后的导电特性及在压缩循环荷载作用下的压阻特性.结果表明:随着养护龄期的增加,碳纤维石墨砂浆试样的电阻值逐渐增加,并且逐步趋于稳定;石墨掺入量越大,试样电阻达到稳定值所需的养护时间越短;试样的体积电阻率随石墨掺量的增加而下降,并存在渗流现象,渗流阈值为20%左右;此外,在循环荷载作用下,石墨掺量为水泥质量分数的20%时,碳纤维石墨砂浆试样的体积电阻率与压应力之间呈现良好的可重复性,电阻值在应力加载时几乎以线性下降,而卸载时增加.     

融雪化冰用碳纤维混凝土的导电性能研究

阐述了将用于路面融雪化冰的导电性能优良的碳纤维混凝土的制作过程，特别说明了一种效果较好的电极的制作方法，并通过实验分析了该种导电混凝土电阻率与碳纤维的种类、电极大小的关系以及电阻随龄期及温度的变化情况，结果说明制作出的导电混凝土具有良好的性能，可用于工程实际。     

AC-20全钢渣集料沥青混凝土路用性能试验研究

为研究某钢铁厂钢渣全部替代普通集料用于沥青混凝土的工程可行性,用扫描电镜分析钢渣的微观结构,将钢渣代替普通AC-20沥青混凝土中的全部粗细砂岩集料,研究钢渣对沥青混合料路用性能的影响。结果表明:掺入钢渣后,沥青用量较砂岩集料沥青混凝土增加0.4%,提高了沥青混合料的高温稳定性、低温抗裂性、抗滑性,但对体积膨胀性、水稳定性影响有限,体积膨胀率、残留稳定度和劈裂抗拉强度比均满足规范要求;研究认为AC-20钢渣沥青混凝土性能良好,可以用于沥青路面的中上面层。     

纳米碳纤维自密实混凝土的电阻特性

为了探讨纳米碳纤维自密实混凝土的导电特性及功能化的可行性,对其静态电阻进行了观测。在此基础上,测量纳米碳纤维自密实混凝土试件在单轴抗压试验、劈裂试验和抗弯试验中的实时电阻变化,分析讨论了在受力（拉压）情况下试件的电阻变化规律。试验结果表明,掺量适当的纳米碳纤维自密实混凝土的电阻率在半导体范围之内;在受拉、压作用时电阻变...     

环氧石墨抗静电涂料在高硫原油中的性能

选用环氧树脂为成膜物质,石墨为导电介质制备抗静电耐蚀涂料,利用失重法研究了温度、石墨及含硫质量分数对涂料耐蚀性的影响,利用电阻法研究了石墨质量分数对涂料导电性的影响及涂料导电的时效性。结果表明,使用环氧树脂填充石墨制备抗静电耐蚀性涂料是可行的,石墨质量分数为35%~50%,其体积电阻率为105.85~105.66Ω.m,满足GB13348-1992《液体石油产品静电安全规程》,温度对涂料电阻影响较小,电阻率随时间变化不大;在含硫质量分数为3%的高硫油介质中,室温时石墨质量分数为35%的涂层耐蚀性较好;温度在50~70℃时,石墨质量分数为45%~55%的涂层耐蚀性较好,原油中含硫质量分数的变化对环氧石墨抗静电涂料的耐蚀性影响较小。     

钢渣玻璃纤维沥青混凝土性能研究

将钢渣和玻璃纤维两种材料加入到沥青混凝土中,通过马歇尔试验法确定钢渣沥青混凝土最佳油石比,并采用对比试验,分析了钢渣沥青混凝土路用性能,再添加不同含量的玻璃纤维,分析其对钢渣混凝土的影响。结果表明,在沥青混凝土中掺入钢渣,沥青混凝土低温抗裂性能有所下降,掺入适量的玻璃纤维可以弥补该性能的下降,其最佳玻璃纤维掺量为0.2%。     

基于直流阶跃暂态电阻法的混凝土渗透性表征

渗透性是影响混凝土耐久性的最重要指标,当前工程中所用混凝土渗透性试验方法,无论是水渗透性还是氯离子渗透性,其测试过程都存在耗时长、操作不便的缺点。为解决混凝土渗透性实时、原位监测的问题,利用基于直流阶暂态电阻法所测混凝土电阻率表征混凝土渗透性,分析了水胶比、矿物掺合料掺量、混凝土饱水度、环境温度等不同因素对各龄期混凝土暂态电阻率的影响规律,将暂态电阻率与混凝土各龄期的强度、吸水速率、抗水渗透性、抗氯离子渗透性等性能建立联系。结果表明,暂态电阻法测试结果与现有混凝土渗透性方法测试结果具有较高的关联性,提出了暂态电阻法测试结果用于混凝土渗透性评价的推荐值,验证了暂态电阻法可用于评价混凝土抗渗透性。     

An Improvement in Electrical Properties of Asphalt Concerete

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Resistivity-temperature Characteristics of Conductive Asphalt Concrete

The changes of resistivity of conductive asphalt concrete at different temperatures were studied,and positive temperature coefficient(PTC)modelwas established to estimate the influence of temperature on the resistivity quantitatively,which eliminated the interference with conductivity evaluation brought by temperature variation.Finally,the analysis of temperature cycling test results proves that the changes of percolation network structure caused by temperature variation prompt the emergence of PTC of conductive asphalt concrete.     

电极对碳纤维导电发热混凝土性能的影响

研究了四电极法和埋入电极法得到的电阻差异性规律，同时也研究了埋入不锈铜片电极及埋入网状电极在电阻率、电热效果方面的差异，提出了可采用上下式电极来制作导电发热混凝土的方案，并将路面融雪化冰用碳纤维导电混凝土所需的碳纤维体积含量降低到了0．22%，不仅可以大幅降低制作发热混凝土的成本，而且还可以提高发热混凝土铺层的强度。     

Self-monitoring application of asphalt concrete containing graphite and carbon fibers

The self-monitoring application of asphalt concrete containing graphite and carbon fibers using indirect tensile test and wheel rolling test were introduced. The experiment results indicate that this kind of pitch-based composite is effective for strain/stress self-monitoring. In the indirect tensile test, for a completely conductive asphalt concrete specimen, the piezoresistivity was very weak and slightly positive, which meant the resistivity increase with the increment of tensile strain at all stress/strain amplitudes, with the gage factor as high as 6. The strain self-sensing ability was superior in the case of higher graphite content. However, when the conductive concrete was embedded into common asphalt concrete specimen as a partial structure function, the piezoresistivity was positive at all stress/strain amplitudes and with the gage factor of 13, which was much higher than that of completely conductive specimen. Thus, the strain self-sensing ability was superior when conductive asphalt concrete was taken in as a partial structure function. In the wheel-rolling test, the piezoresistivity was highly positive. At any stress amplitude, the piezoresistivity was strong, with the gage factor as high as 100, which was higher for a stress amplitude of 0.7 MPa than that of 0.5 MPa.     

Electrically conductive concrete for heating using steel bars as electrodes

The steel bars with good electrical conductivity were used as two kinds of electrodes in the making of carbon fiber (CF) electrically conductive concrete for heating. The results of the pertinent experiments illustrate the design is viable. The change in electrical resistivity over three years’ hydration time was studied when steel bars were used as lateral face electrodes and top bottom surface electrodes respectively. The temperature rise test was conducted to verify the heating properties of two kinds of concrete. Not only the study can reduce the CF volume content of electrically conductive concrete for heating to 0.58% or 0.36% according to different design, but also it will enhance the carrying capacity of the concrete roadway for heating.     

自诊断沥青混凝土及其应用前景

自诊断沥青混凝土是一种通过掺入导电相材料,改善沥青混合料的导电性能,利用导电性能与路用性能的变化规律,即时、无损地评价路面结构的应变与破损的新型道路材料,其在机场跑道、桥面及高速公路上有广泛的应用前景.因此,介绍自诊断沥青混凝土的导电相材料优选、级配设计、制备方法及其自诊断机理,依据其电学性能的变化规律可及时了解路面的使用状况和健康水平,用以指导沥青路面的养护与维修.     

Electrical Conductivity of the Carbon Fiber Conductive Concrete

This paper discussed two methods to enhance the electrical conductivity of the carbon fiber（CF） electrically conductive concrete. The increase in the content of stone and the amount of water used to dissolve the methylcellulose and marinate the carbon fibers can decrease the electrical resistivity of the electrically conductive concrete effectively. Based on these two methods, the minimum CF content of the CF electrically conductive concrete for deicing or snow-melting application and the optimal ratio of the amount of water to dissolve the methylcellulose and marinate the carbon fibers were obtained.     

无电极电阻率法研究水泥基复合材料的导电机理

采用无电极电阻率法监测了分别掺入碳纤维、钢纤维和碎石骨料的水泥基复合材料在72 h内的电阻率,并用Hymstruc3D建立了微观结构模型分析导电机理。结果表明:水泥浆体的电阻率受电解质液相饱和度、孔隙率及孔结构曲折度的影响。掺入的导电纤维能明显降低水泥基复合材料的电阻率;而掺入骨料时,其电阻率明显增加。水泥基复合材料的导电现象是由水泥浆体中液相离子导电和导电纤维中的电子导电的共同作用所致。水泥基复合材料的电阻率与其导电相的含量密切相关。无电极电阻率法为估算水泥基复合材料中导电相或非导电相的含量提供了新的思路。     

The electrical conductive effect of nickel-coated graphite/two-component silicone-rubber sealant

Nickel-coated graphite particles and two-component silicone-rubber were compounded to form a conductive composite system. The electrical volume resistivity of the composites were examined and compared under constant tensile strains, cyclic heating-cooling, electric field and repeated cyclic tensile strains in order to study the mechanism of electrical conductivity behaviors of the conductive composites under stress, temperature and current. The results showed that a peak value of the electrical resistivity appeared previously and then gradually increasing with increasing tensile strain. The electrical resistivity displayed positive temperature coefficient effect during the temperature increasing and decreasing. Applying 5A direct current to the conductive composites resulted in an increase in the electrical resistance immediately, but no changes were detected under lower currents. Under the repeated cyclic strain, the peak value of the electrical resistivity of each cycle increased with the test cycle. All the electrical resistivity changes were attributed to the conductive networks broken-up and rebuilt in the conductive composites.