再生蚕丝蛋白纤维/棉混纺织物性能研究

研究再生蚕丝蛋白纤维/棉床上用品织物的性能.对经纱原料均为再生蚕丝蛋白纤维/棉(50/50),而纬纱原料变化的三块织物的性能进行了比较.结果表明:再生蚕丝蛋白纤维/棉织物的断裂强力、缩水率达到了一等品级要求.透气性优于纬向是棉纤维或粘胶纤维的织物;吸湿性、柔软度和保暖性良好.     

类弹性蛋白多肽-红色荧光蛋白融合蛋白的表达纯化及细胞相容性

目的 构建携带红色荧光蛋白(mCherry)标签的类弹性蛋白(ELP)原核表达载体,并表达纯化ELP-mCherry融合蛋白,探讨ELP-mCherry融合蛋白与细胞的相容性.方法 对利用限制性内切酶Xba I和Xho I对mCherry质粒和pET28a-ELP载体同时进行双酶切,将酶切产物回收、连接并转化DH5α大...     

用纳米微粒制造结构

许多细菌和高分子都能够通过一种所谓“自组装”（self-assemble）的方式来形成它们所具有的那种特定的规则结构。现在已经知道，将两种不同材料的纳米微粒合在一起，使它们自行聚集、自行构成正确的化学结构而形成一种二元纳米微粒超晶格（Binary Nanoparticle Superlattice，BNSL），则有可能合成出各种各样成本低廉的材料。不过，能够加以制造的具有稳定结构的这种BNSL的种类，从理论上分析，数量是非常少的。     

单个纳米结构性能的测量

综述原位透射电子显微学在表征纳米材料的力学、电学和热力学性能方面的研究.其焦点集中在如何定量测试一微结构已知的单一纳米结构的物理性能,从而实现表征结构-性能关联中的一对一关系.     

酶法水解蚕蛹蛋白制备多肽的工艺研究

研究了几种蛋白酶对桑蛋蛹蛋白偻的水解情况,采用均匀设计法对桑蚕蛹蛋白粉的限制水解条件进行了选择,得到胰酶水解桑蚕蛹蛋白粉的优化条件为：酶用量占底物的质量分数为４．５０％,底物含量的质量体积分数为１．５％,反应温度为４０℃,水解时间为６．０ｈ,水解Ｐ来８．０,在此条件下水解,酸溶性肽得率可达９２．３７％。     

蚕丝蛋白/明胶多孔肝组织支架的制备及性能研究

采用冷冻干燥法制备了蚕丝蛋白/明胶多孔支架,并分别在-20℃和-70℃预冻,以观察支架的微孔结构,测量支架的孔隙率、溶胀吸水性及力学性能,研究HepG2细胞在支架中的生长增殖情况.结果表明:随预冻温度降低,支架的孔径减小且微孔分布更加均匀,孔隙率及力学性能均得到提高.细胞培养结果显示:随预冻温度降低,支架的细胞贴壁率减...     

取代基对卟啉分子自组装聚集体纳米结构的调节

运用简单的"one-step"法自组装技术,将Meso位具有不同取代基团的卟啉分子Meso-5,10,15,20-四(对甲氧基苯基)卟啉(Ⅰ),Meso-5,10,15,20-四苯基卟啉(Ⅱ)和Meso-5,10,15,20-四(对氯苯基)卟啉(Ⅲ)组装成有机纳米聚集体。利用多种表征手段系统研究化合物(Ⅰ),(Ⅱ)和(Ⅲ)在水溶液中的自组装性质。结果表明,在自组装过程中,3种卟啉分子均形成J型聚集体,从化合物(Ⅰ),(Ⅱ)到(Ⅲ),随着卟啉Meso位取代基供电子能力依次下降,分子间相互作用程度减弱,其纳米聚集体形貌由二维四方片状逐渐变成一维纳米带。这表明通过调节卟啉Meso位取代基的供/吸电子能力,可以调节分子间非共价键相互作用程度,从而控制卟啉分子自组装纳米结构的形貌。     

聚乙二醇辅助水热法组装锑纳米片为三维纳米超结构研究

利用聚乙二醇(PEG)辅助下的水热还原反应,在较低温度下组装了一系列基于一维/准一维片层状纳米锑的三维超结构,如Sb纳米条构成的空心球,Sb纳米片构成的花朵状超结构,放射状Sb亚微米棒束等.用粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)等手段对产物进行了表征.通过选取合适的水热体系和表面活性剂,可以实现所得三维纳米超结构形貌的控制.在对不同反应条件下产物形貌进行分析的基础上,提出了可能的组装机理,预计在该机理的指导下,通过设计恰当的反应参数,这种表面活性剂辅助水热法也能用于合成其他层状无机材料的复杂纳米结构.     

鼠妇富含蛋白多肽提取物的镇痛作用研究

采用蛋白酶法与酸碱法提取鼠妇蛋白多肽成分,利用化学刺激和热刺激法观察提取物对小鼠的镇痛作用,同时测定小鼠脑组织中的去甲肾上腺素(NE),多巴胺(DA)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)水平.以蛋白多肽中氨基酸种类,尤其是兴奋性氨基酸天门冬氨酸和谷氨酸,抑制性氨基酸甘氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸的质量分数为指标,醋酸扭体次数抑制率和热板实验痛阈值为镇痛活性指标,对两种提取方法进行比较并且初步研究镇痛作用机理,结果表明酸碱法制备的富含蛋白多肽的鼠妇提取物镇痛效果优于酶法,该提取物能明显提高小鼠醋酸扭体次数抑制率与热板实验痛阈值,且能明显提高小鼠脑内NE,DA和5-HT质量分数水平.酸碱法提取蛋白多肽对小鼠具有明显的镇痛作用,其镇痛作用可能与脑内的单胺递质类5-HT有关.     

预处理对丝素促进293T细胞生长的影响

采用多种处理方法对丝素进行预处理,探讨其作为支架对293T细胞生长的促进作用．正交实验结果显示：以脱胶方式和包埋方法对结果的影响明显,并有统计学意义（P≤0．01）;在经胰蛋白酶脱胶、盐酸作用、以壳聚糖／聚乙二醇包埋的双股丝素蛋白纤维支架上,293T细胞数最多;在经胰蛋白酶脱胶、氢氧化钠作用、以壳聚糖／聚乙二醇包埋的3股丝素蛋白纤维支架细胞上,293T细胞活性达到最大．处理后的支架能使293T细胞很好地生长增殖,细胞呈球状体、集落性附着在丝素蛋白纤维上．     

Cu（Ⅱ） effect on the conformation of regenerated silk fibroin in dilute aqueous solution

Much attention has been paid to the natural mechanism of silkworm spinning due to the impressive mechanical properties of the natural fibers. In this work, we studied the effect of Cu（Ⅱ） ions on the secondary structure of Bombyx mori regenerated silk fibroin （SF） in dilute solution by circular dichroism （CD）. The results indicate that a given amount of Cu（Ⅱ） induces the SF conformational transition from random coil to β-sheet, however, further addition of Cu（Ⅱ） is unfavorable for this conversion. Meanwhile, the conformational changes induced by Cu（Ⅱ） follow a nucleation-dependent aggregation mechanism, which is similar to that found in Prion protein （PrP） denaturation and Aβ-peptide aggregations, leading to the neurodegenerative disease. This work would help one understand further the natural spinning process of silkworm. Additionally, it would be significant for the study of the nervous system diseases, because silk fibroin, extracted in large amounts from Bombyx mori silkworm gland, could be a proper model to study PrP denaturation and Aβ-peptide aggregations.     

Cu(II) effect on the conformation of regenerated silk fibroin in dilute aqueous solution

In nature, metal ions play a vital role in the function of protein and nucleic acid. It has been demonstrated that there are many kinds of metal ions in the gland of Bombyx mori (B. mori) silkworm, and their contents are different in different parts of silk gland[1]. These ions may promote the transition of gel to sol in the gland of silkworm when the silk fibroin (SF) goes forward to the spinneret. Many investigations have shown that K(I) and Ca(II) can induce the conformational transitio…     

Role of humidity on the structures and properties of regenerated silk fibers

Silk fiber was processed from highly concentrated spinning dope to solid fibers along with water removal. To understand the mechanism of water removal during silk fiber spinning process, a microfluidic chip was designed and applied to investigate the structures and mechanical properties of two kinds of regenerated silk fibroin fibers dry-spun at different relative humidity. The experimental results showed that the diameters of the fibers spun at 40% RH are always larger than the fibers spun at 50% RH due to different removal rates of water. The fibers spun at low humidity contain more β-sheet structure and lower degree of chain orientation and crystalline orientation. These results indicate that the fast phase transition of silk fibroin from sol–gel to silk fiber undergoes with rapid water removal and higher fiber orientation relates to more residue water and drawing force.     

POE及其马来酸酐接枝物增韧PTT的性能研究

通过熔融共混制备了POE及其马来酸酐接枝物增韧PTT共混物,研究了增韧PTT共混物的结晶性能、力学性能和形态。研究结果表明POE马来酸酐接枝物能更均匀分散在PTT中,且也能促进POE在PTT中的分散,从而使PTT共混物的力学强度提高。POE马来酸酐接枝物能促进PTT的结晶,但存在临界用量,在15%时促进结晶作用达到饱和。用POE马来酸酐接枝物单独或与POE混合增韧PTT可在保持一定的拉伸强度的同时大幅提高PTT的冲击强度。     

正交法研究不同因素对SF/PU复合水凝胶抗压性能的影响

IPDI为硬段,PEG、PPG为软段,DMPA、DEG为扩链剂,TEA为中和剂合成了聚氨酯预聚体.以PEG的相对分子质量、-NCO/-OH(n/n)、 PEG/(PEG+PPG)(n/n) 和SF/(SF+PU)(m/m)为4个影响因素设计了四因素四水平正交实验并制备了一系列丝素蛋白/聚氨酯复合水凝胶.采用非限制性压缩试验对水凝胶进行抗压缩性能测试,并通过方差分析法对实验结果进行分析.结果表明PEG的相对分子质量对水凝胶的抗压性能影响最明显.PEG的相对分子质量为600、1 000、2 000、4 000时所制备的丝素蛋白/聚氨酯复合水凝胶的抗压模量均在0.35～1.20 MPa之间.     

多孔丝素材料的结构与性能研究

用CaCl2.CH3CH2OH.H2O三元溶剂溶解蚕丝丝素,通过对丝素溶液冷冻之后的状态,以及冷冻干燥后丝素结构和性质的测试和分析,指出采用冷冻干燥制备再生蚕丝丝素多孔材料时,若冷冻温度低于－20℃,则丝素的结构以无定型为主,含少量的SilkII,若冷冻温度高于－20℃,则又增加了较多的SilkI,采用冷冻干燥法可以制得平均孔径为10－300um,孔密度为1－2000个／mm^2,孔隙率为35％－70％的多孔丝素材料,通过调节冷冻温度和丝素溶液质量分数,达到控制多孔丝素材料的上述表态结构,聚集态结构和透湿性,压缩性,强度,伸长率等物理性能的目的是可能的,将快速冷冻的丝素水溶液真空干燥之前,进行反复解冻－冷冻－则所制得的多孔丝素材料的孔径增大,孔密度减小,同时其压缩率和透湿性有所提高,拉伸断裂强度和在热水中的溶失率下降。     

丝素蛋白/聚氨酯两性水凝胶的制备及性能研究

采用2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)和N-甲基二乙醇胺(MEDA)分别作为阴、阳离子型扩链剂,在聚氨酯(PU)预聚体结构上先后引入两种离子型的亲水基团,再将制得的聚氨酯预聚体与丝素蛋白(SF)水溶液混合交联,得到SF/PU两性水凝胶.通过衰减全反射(ATR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征其结构、微观形貌及多孔结构.结果表明:制备出的SF/PU两性水凝胶具有明显的孔洞结构,孔径分布在15μm左右.通过测试在不同条件下的吸水溶胀比(SR)和平衡溶胀含水量(EWC),分析了两性水凝胶的溶胀动力学机理.通过万能实验拉力机测试了两性水凝胶的机械性能,当SF/PU比例为65/35时,水凝胶材料的压缩强度达到最大值,为0.577 MPa;当SF/PU为50/50时水凝胶有着最大变形率,为85.8%.     

Surface Modification of Anionic Polyurethane with Silk Fibroin Peptide and Its Effects on the Culture of Fibroblasts

The surface modification of the anionicpolyurethane(APU) film was carried out by immersing it insilk fibroin peptide(SFP) solution for 12 h and then treatingwith low temperature plasma glow discharge. The physicalproperties and moisture permeability of modified films wereexamined. The results showed that SFP-modified APU filmshad better moisture permeability than oleophilicpolyurethane, as well as modified APU films kept goodflexibility. Modified APU films could overcome rigid andbrittle weaks of silk fibroin films. The morphology of SFPon the APU film was corpuscular aggregations. The water-contact angle measurement indicated that the change ofhydrophilicity and the element chemical analysis suggestedthat the SFP-modified film surface was enriched withnitrogen atoms. The biocompatibility of APU films may beimproved due to the change of surface compooents. Cellviability and proliferation of rat embryo dermal fibroblastsseeded on control films, APU films and SFP-modified APUfilms were evaluated by MTT assay and viable cell counts,respectively. The results indicated that the APU filmmodified by SFP protein showed the proliferation offibroblasts on the film, and that the compound interface hadgood stability in the air. Results also showed thatpresoaking treatment for APU films was effective toaccomplish the goal of surface modification.     

Composition, structure and mechanical properties of several natural cellular materials

The stem piths of sunflower, kaoliang and corn are natural cellular materials. In this paper, the contents of the compositions of these piths are determined and their cell shapes and structures are examined through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope. Further research is conducted in the effects of the compositions and structures of the piths on the mechanical properties after testing the partial mechanical properties. The results show that the total cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin content of each sample approaches 75% of the dry mass of its primary cell walls. With the fall of R value, a parameter relative to the contents of the main compositions, the flexibilities of the cellular piths de- scend while their stresses and rigidities increase. The basic cell shape making up the sunflower pith is approximately a tetrakaidehedron. The stem piths of kaoliang and corn are made up of cells close to hexangular prisms and a few tubular ones which can observably reinforce their mechanical properties in the axial directions.