Numerical simulation of molding-defect formation during resin transfer molding

The present study investigated a numerical simulation of molding-defect formation during resin transfer molding using boundary element method and line dynamics. The proposed method enables to simulate small molding defects by increasing the node for required position during time evolution; thereby, the method computes high-resolution flow front without being affected by the initial mesh geometry. The method was applied to the radial injection RTM with single inlet, and it was confirmed by comparison with theoretical value based on Darcy’s law that the flow advancement was computed with high accuracy. In addition, the method was also applied to the flow advancement for inclusion problem with cylinder, and four-point injection problem. The simulated flow behavior, void formation, and shrinkage agreed with the results in references. Finally, the method was compared with experiments using two-point injection problem. The computed configuration of the flow front and weld line agreed well with the experimental results.     

Measurement and simulation of light distribution in biological tissues

Lateral light-distribution images of biologic tissues were used to study the tissues' optical characteristics. Monte Carlo simulation with the same conditions was performed to simulate the light distribution for comparison. Simulation results showed that the lateral light distribution was similar to the internal light distribution in biologic tissue. The direction of muscle fibers and the temperature both affect the near-field light distribution in tissue. The lateral view distribution can be both measured and simulated to study photon migration in tissue. It can also be used to estimate or verify the optical coefficients of tissue.     

透析器中随机分布纤维管表面定浓度时传质模拟

通过数值模拟,研究了在透析器外壳内壁面的影响下,纤维表面定浓度时,中空纤维分布的随机性对透析器管外流场和浓度场的影响,同时考察了管外流体速度以及中空纤维填充密度对管外传质系数的影响.模拟结果表明:随机排布的方式对传质系数有较大的影响,但相比忽略壁面影响时的影响要小;Reynolds 数越大,传质系数也越大;在所研究的中空纤维填充密度范围内(10%～50%),随着填充密度的增大,透析器的管外传质系数先增大,后减小,变化幅度均较小,与忽略壁面影响的值比较发现,在填充密度小的时候壁面对传质有促进作用,填充密度大的时候则相反.     

化学吸附式制冷系统传热传质的数值模拟和实验研究

运用多孔介质理论分析了化学吸附式制冷系统中的吸附床,按多孔介质的质量、动量和能量传递过程建立了吸附床内流动、传热和传质耦合求解的数学模型,并根据吸附剂在吸附床内多孔介质中的流动特性,采用比经典的Darcy模型更精确的多孔介质流动模型-Ergun模型。所建立的数学模型较之现有的吸附床传热传质数学模型能更全面、准确的描述吸附床的传热传质特性。将所建立的模型对化学吸附制冷样机进行了模拟计算,计算结果和测试结果吻合得较好。数学模型和计算结果有助于深入认识吸附床的传热传质特性,并可进一步用于吸附床和系统的优化设计。     

Numerical simulation of hydrous transfer within fibrouscement slates

In situ distortion of fibrous-cement slates is brought about by exposure to different temperature and hygrometric gradients across the material. The aim of this research was to understand in detail the effect of each compositional change on the physical properties, and to use this knowledge for the manufacture of slates which would exhibit improved mechanical properties. A previous paper described the experimental measurements conducted to evaluate the impact of changing the composition of the slates on the physical properties controlling hydrous transfer. In the present paper, the physical parameters obtained from the experimental work are used in a numerical model. The numerical model, NSAT, employs a finite-element method to solve the non-linear diffusion equation. The numerical model was validated and subsequent simulations are described. A theoretical model has been obtained which shows good agreement between the results from practical tests at the experimental station and the predictions of the numerical model. The results also confirm the previous hypotheses of the industrial partner. The theoretical model obtained may be used for the prediction and specification of industrial materials having improved mechanical properties, and in particular, exhibiting less distortion.

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Résumé Les déformations locales dans les ardoises de fibrociment peuvent être engendrées par l'existence de gradients de température et d'hygrométrie au sein du matériau. Le but de ce travail est de comprendre en détail l'effet des modifications de composition des ardoises sur leurs propriétés physiques et d'utiliser ces connaissances dans la fabrication d'ardoises présentant de meilleures propriétés mécaniques. Un article précédent a décrit l'effet des traitements subis par les ardoises sur les paramètres physiques influant sur les transferts d'humidité. Dans cet article, les paramètres physiques sont utilisés dans un modèle numérique, NSAT. Le modèle numérique emploie la méthode des éléments finis pour résoudre l'équation non-linéaire de diffusion. D'abord le modèle numérique a été validé. Ensuite d'autres simulations plus complexes sont présentées. Les calculs numériques ont clairement mis en évidence les différents types de comportement de séchage qui correspondent aux diverses observations expérimentales du partenaire industriel. Le modèle numérique peut être utilisé pour la prévision et l'élaboration des matériaux industriels avec un meilleur comportement mécanique. En particulier, une dimunition de la déformation est attendue.

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Editorial note A. Raoof and T. H. Doan are working at the Laboratoire des Matériaux et des Structures du Génie Civil of LCPC, France, which is a RILEM Titular Member. A. Sabouraud is working at Pont-à-Mousson SA, France, which is a RILEM Titular Member.     

Numerical method of simulation of the heat and mass transfer in different flows in a channel with penetrable walls

A mathematical model and a numerical method for calculating the dynamics of a fluid and the heat and mass transfer in it in a channel with penetrable walls are presented. Turbulent and transient flows in this channel were simulated on the basis of Navier-Stokes equations by the method of decreasing the rate of change in desired functions at certain nodes. The results of comparison of calculation and experimental data are presented. __________ Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 79, No. 3, pp. 91–101, May–June, 2006.     

Numerical modeling of heat and mass transfer during the drying of granulated polymers in a packed bed

A model is proposed for calculating heat and mass transfer in a packed bed exposed to a drying agent. Results are presented from a numerical realization of the model for the drying of granulated polyamide of type PA-6.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 59, No. 6, pp. 995–1000, December, 1990.     

CFD simulation of coupled heat and mass transfer through porous foods during vacuum cooling process

A numerical simulation by using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code is carried out to predict heat and mass transfer during vacuum cooling of porous foods on the basis of mathematical models of unsteady heat and mass transfer. The simulations allow the simultaneous prediction of temperature distribution, weight loss and moisture content of the meats at low saturation pressure throughout the chilling process. The simulations are also capable of accounting for the effects of the dependent variables such as pressure, temperature, density and water content, thermal shrinkage, and anisotropy of the food. The model is verified by vacuum cooling of cooked meats with cylindrical shape within an experimental vacuum cooler. A data file for pressure history was created from the experimental pressure values, which were applied in the simulations as the boundary condition of the surface temperature.     

Numerical solution of heat and mass impulse transfer problems

Conclusion To solve special classes of stationary and nonstationary two-dimensional problems of momentum, heat, and mass transfer, we developed various packages of applied programs which, after the introduction of specific data, corresponding to a specific statement of the problem, and the development of their program provide its numerical solution. The use of fully implicit approximation methods and of direct solution of the linearized equations provides the possibility of developing effective numerical algorithms, making it possible to obtain the solution in a wide region of Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers.These methods can also be used for numerical investigation of transport processes in turbulent flows and in rheological media. In principle, they can be generalized to solving three-dimensional problems. In this case, however, for a small value of the grid step the number of equations becomes very large, and high-power computers are needed to realize these methods.Translated from German into Russian by E. F. Nogotov.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 49, No. 5, pp. 860–874, November, 1985.     

Monte Carlo simulation for the light propagation in two-layered cylindrical biological tissues

The direction cosine for expressing photon propagation in tubular tissue is given. The condition for the dispersed photons' reflection and refraction on the interface is analysed. A Monte Carlo simulation model for simulating light propagation in a two-layered cylindrical biological tissue is constructed. Using this model, we studied the absorbed photon distribution with different tissue parameters in the case of a circular flat beam injecting the tissue. Finally, the photon distribution in a two-layered blood vessel is given by a model constructed according to the reported tissue parameters of the human body.     

Electrical analog simulation of problems of energy and mass transfer

The analog simulation of problems of energy and mass transfer on two RC networks with various boundary conditions is described. Solutions are presented for one and two dimensional problems, together with a solution for contact problems.     

Electric simulation of nonlinear problems in heat and mass transfer

A method is described for the electric simulation of nonlinear heat- and mass-transfer problems on two resistance networks. The temperature is simulated on one network and the masstransfer potential on the other. The mass-transfer potential has a discontinuity of the first kind because of a moving zone boundary on which intense phase transitions occur.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 100–105, July, 1970.     

Heat and mass transfer during crystal growth

Quality of semiconductor and oxide crystals which are grown from the melts plays an important role for electronic and/or optical devices. The crystal quality is significantly affected by the heat and mass transfer in the melts during crystal growth in a growth furnace such as Czochralski or horizontal Bridgman methods. This paper reviews the present understanding of phenomena of the heat and mass transfer of the melts, especially instability of melt convection from the detailed numerical calculation, which helps to understand the melt convection visualized using X-ray radiography. Large scale simulation of melt convection during crystal growth is also reviewed.

Characteristics of flow instabilities of melt convection with a low Prandtl number (ratio between momentum and thermal diffusivities) are also reviewed by focusing on the instabilities of baroclinic, the Rayleigh-Benard and the Marangoni-Benard, from the points of view of temperature, rotating and/or magnetic field effects during crystal growth. Oxygen concentration in grown crystals is also discussed how melt convection affects.     

一种硅基集成PCR微芯片的传热数值分析

设计和制作了一种基于MEMS技术的硅基集成PCR（聚合酶链式反应）微芯片,采用有限容积法,边界条件考虑自然对流换热和辐射换热,对PCR微芯片的传热过程进行了数值模拟。主要分析了样品的升、降温速度和样品内部的温度均一性。分析结果表明芯片具有较高的升、降温速度,而且样品内部的温度均一性也满足PCR反应的要求。芯片在温度控制系统下进行了热循环反应,实现了GUS基因的扩增,获得了良好的实验结果。     

水平细管管内凝结换热系数的数值模拟

对3种管径（2mm,4mm和6mm）的水平细圆管管内流动凝结换热特性进行研究。采用通用CFD软件Fluent6．3中的Mixture模型,结合UDF编程对物理模型进行数值求解。数值计算结果表明,小尺寸条件下管内凝结换热的规律不同于常规尺寸管道。随着管径的逐渐减小,重力对凝结的影响逐渐减小,气液面切应力、液体表面张力的作用加强。细管凝结过程的局部换热系数远远大于Nusselt的理论解。     

绝热毛细管流量数值计算

根据两相流动的均相流假设 ,建立了绝热毛细管分布参数的稳态数学模型 ,结合制冷工质HFC 134a基于MH状态方程的热力学性质计算模型 ,采用新的基团贡献法计算粘度 ,用熵增判据考虑壅塞流动的影响 ,对绝热毛细管流量进行数值模拟计算。对理论计算结果与相关文献的实验数据进行了比较。针对以HFC 134a为工质的制冷系统 ,编制了一套较为实用的绝热毛细管流量计算软件     

Numerical modeling of nonisothermal moisture transfer in biological colloidal porous materials

The authors derive and substantiate a system of equations of heat and moisture transfer in colloidal capillary-porous undersaturated media with account for the mutual effect of the vapor and liquid pressure, determined by the contribution of surface forces, and the temperature on the rate of interphase mass transfer and the thermocapillary flows. Examples are given of the numerical calculation of evolution of the moisture content and temperature fields and the kinetic dependences in a wide moisture content range for materials of biological origin, namely, yeast, soil. A comparison is made with experimental data.The work was carried out in 1992/93 on the basis of grant No. 1392/3-91, sponsored by the Science Committee of Poland.Academic Scientific Complex A. V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus. Technical University of Lodz', Poland. Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 202–212, February, 1994.     

真空热处理炉瞬态传热过程的数值模拟

建立了一个三维真空热处理炉的非线性有限元模型,该模型的热源是电流通过加热体产生的焦耳热,传热途径主要考虑了加热体与内屏蔽层间、各屏蔽层之间的非线性辐射传热.利用有限元软件ANSYS对真空热处理炉加热过程中的瞬态温度场进行了模拟计算,得到了热电偶温度随时间的变化曲线,并与实验结果进行了比较,讨论了进一步提高计算准确性的途径.     

Adaptation of the virtual fields method for the identification of biphasic hyperelastic model parameters in soft biological tissues with osmotic swelling

Biphasic hyperelastic models have become popular for soft hydrated tissues, and there is a pressing need for appropriate identification methods using full-field measurement techniques such as digital volume correlation. This paper proposes to address this need with the virtual fields method (VFM). The main asset of the proposed approach is that it avoids the repeated resolution of complex nonlinear finite element models. By choosing special virtual fields, the VFM approach can extract hyperelastic parameters of the solid part of the biphasic medium without resorting to identifying the model parameters driving the osmotic effects in the interstitial fluid. The proposed approach is verified and validated through three different examples: the first and second using simulated data and then the third using experimental data obtained from porcine descending thoracic aortas samples in osmotically active solution.     

肋板式吸附床传热性能的数值模拟

设计了新型肋板式结构吸附床,建立了吸附床在非第一类边界条件的三维传热传质数学模型.应用计算流体动力学中有限控制体积方法对吸附床内传热特性进行了模拟计算,并通过研究吸附床内温度随时间的动态变化,分析了换热流体参数和吸附剂导热系数变化对床层传热特性的影响.计算结果表明,吸附剂的导热系数,换热流体流速、温度对床层传热特性影响显著且肋板式吸附床传热效率高,吸附床内温度分布均匀.