人工耳蜗使用者汉语声调感知与音乐感知相关性研究

目的评估讲汉语普通话的人工耳蜗使用者的汉语普通话声调识别及音乐识别表现,并探究二者的相关性。方法选取对侧使用助听器(Hearing Aid,以下简称HA)的12名母语为汉语普通话的人工耳蜗(Cochlear Implantation,以下简称CI)使用者,分别测试其在使用HA、CI、CI+HA(即双模式)三种助听模式下的声调和音乐识别表现,并对二者的相关性进行分析。其中声调识别应用自然时长声调和相同时长声调两种,应用音乐音符轮廓识别(Melodic contour identification,以下简称MCI)进行音乐感知能力评估。结果自然时长声调在HA、CI、CI+HA模式下的平均正确识别率分别为62.2%、70.9%、73.1%,且显著优于对应模式下的时长相同声调识别表现。MCI在HA、CI、CI+HA模式下平均正确识别率分别为29.5%、37.5%、34.0%。MCI表现与自然时长声调在CI和CI+HA模式下均显著相关,与相同时程声调在三种助听模式下均显著相关。结论讲汉语的CI使用者的声调感知及音乐感知均不理想。时长线索对声调音高感知起重要作用。声调与音乐感知可能具有相似感知机制。     

人工耳蜗电极植入部位对人工耳蜗使用者言语理解影响的研究

目的:探讨人工耳蜗电极覆盖耳蜗基膜范围对汉语普通话人工耳蜗使用者的言语识别能力,特别是声调识别能力的影响.方法:使用人工耳蜗调试软件通过开启(关闭)不同电极通道设置7种测试条件,以模拟人工耳蜗电极覆盖耳蜗基膜范围的不同状态.并对各测试条件下人工耳蜗使用者元音、辅音、声调识别能力进行测试.结果:不同测试条件下元音识别平均得分56%～91%(P<0.05);辅音识别平均得分72%～85%(P<0.05);声调识别平均得分68%～81%(P>0.05).但随着人工耳蜗电极覆盖基底膜范围的扩大,人工耳蜗使用者元音、辅音成绩呈现显著性改善,声调识别成绩亦有所提高.结论:增加人工耳蜗电极覆盖基膜的范围、积极利用耳蜗各个区域有利于改善人工耳蜗使用者的言语识别能力,进而对提高人工耳蜗使用者言语交流和社会交往能力是非常重要的.     

对侧助听器对人工耳蜗使用者言语感知贡献研究

目的探讨讲汉语普通话的人工耳蜗(Cochlear Implantation,以下简称CI)使用者对侧佩戴助听器(Hearing Aid,以下简称HA)的获益。方法:选取对侧使用HA的14名母语为汉语普通话的CI使用者,分别测试其在使用CI和CI+HA(即双模式)两种助听模式下的声调、双音节词、及句子的识别表现,并分析助听器耳残余听力对双模式言语表现的影响。结果:安静环境下使用CI和CI+HA模式下的声调识别率分别为67.6%±10.5%、71.6%±12.5%,双音节词识别率分别为72.3%±21.8%、74.2%±23.3%,句子识别率分别为62.3%±28.3%、61.8%±31.3%,噪声环境句子识别率分别为37.6%±36.5%、42.4%±35.9%。统计分析发现声调识别表现在CI+HA模式下显著优于CI模式(t=-2.285,P=0.04),其余言语识别表现在两种聆听模式下均无显著差异;且1000Hz及以下频率的助听器耳残余听力与CI+HA模式下言语识别表现显著相关。结论::对于"大龄"语前聋患者,一侧人工耳蜗植入联合对侧助听器的双模式应用,需考虑助听器耳的残余听力情况,极重度感音神经性聋助听器辅助效果有限,必要时需考虑双侧人工耳蜗植入。     

诺尔康人工耳蜗植人者的声调识别与生活质量评价

目的：评估诺尔康人工耳蜗植入者对普通话的声调识别能力和术后生活质量。方法：49例植入诺尔康人工耳蜗1年的受试者，使用课题组前期编制的声调识别测试软件，评估植入者的声调识别能力；使用Ni-jmegen人工耳蜗植入量表（NCIQ），评估植人者术后生活质量。结果：①安静条件下声调识别率平均为67．26％，全部高于机会水平；②噪声条件下声调识别率平均为51．92％，除2例植入者的声调识别率低于机会水平外，其余均高于机会水平；③声调识别混淆矩阵结果显示，三声为较容易辨别的声调；④术后NCIQ总分及基本声音感知、高级声音感知、言语能力、自信心、活动能力和交流能力均获得改善，分别为55．4、72．4、54．0、63．4、50．7、47．3和44．7分。结论：诺尔康人工耳蜗植入者术后具有声调识别能力并可获得生活质量的改善。     

言语编码策略升级对成年人工耳蜗使用者听觉效果影响的研究

目的　探讨言语编码策略升级对有经验人工耳蜗使用者听觉效果的影响趋势,以期为临床制定有效的人工耳蜗言语编码策略升级方案提供参考依据。方法　采用噪声下汉语普通话声调识别测试、普通话噪声下言语识别测试以及自行编制的声音质量自评问卷,对13例有经验成年人工耳蜗使用者言语编码策略升级后的声调识别能力、短句分辨能力以及声音质量和聆听感受进行3个月连续观测。以使用日常言语编码策略（即CIS+策略）的测试结果为参考值,以新言语编码策略（即精细结构编码策略）的测试 结果为目标值,分析言语编码策略升级对成年人工耳蜗使用者听觉效果的影响。结果　①声调识别能力：各测试阶段两种编码策略的声调识别测试成绩无显著差异,随着精细结构编码策略使用经验增加,测试成绩呈明显改善趋势[F（3,36）=5.201,P =0.004];②短句分辨能力：各测试阶段两种编码策略的言语识别测试成绩无显著差异,随精细结构编码策略使用经验增加,测试成绩略有提高[F（3,36）=2.450,P =0.079];③声音质量自评：更换言语编码策略对本组受试者的声音质量和聆听感受无不利影响（P =0.083）。随着精细结构编码策略使用经验增加,受试者认为声音质量更“饱满、丰富”、聆听感受更“容易、轻松”。结论　言语编程策略升级未对有经验人工耳蜗使用者的言语识别能力造成不良影响且存在潜在的改善作用。在临床工作中可参考患者主观意愿确定是否升级言语编程策略。     

语后聋多通道人工耳蜗使用者的普通话言语识别

普通话是我国的规范语言，其语音学特点有别于西方语系，特别是声调。人工耳蜗植入作为治疗重度感音性聋的最重要手段，目前多为基于西方语系设计的国外产品，能否充分地体现汉语、特别是汉语普通话的语音学特点，一直备受关注。我国多通道人工耳蜗使用者、特别是更具代表性的语后聋使用者的普通话言语识别状况，目前仅报道5例。     

方向性麦克风对语后聋人工耳蜗使用者言语识别能力的影响

目的 探讨方向性麦克风系统对人工耳蜗使用者言语识别能力的影响，以期为解决人工耳蜗使用者噪声下言语识别困难提供参考。方法 采用普通话噪声下言语识别测试以及自行编制的聆听感受自评问卷，对14例母语为汉语普通话的成人语后聋人工耳蜗植入者进行不同麦克风系统和拾音模式下的单音节词分辨能力、短句识别能力以及聆听感受评估，采用SPSS 26.0统计软件对结果进行统计分析。结果 (1)言语识别能力：麦克风拾音模式对人工耳蜗使用者噪声条件下言语识别率得分有显著影响，SONNET/自适应模式得分最高，SONNET/全向模式、SONNET/定向模式和OPUS/全向模式的得分相当；麦克风拾音模式对人工耳蜗使用者安静条件下言语识别率得分无显著影响：SONNET/全向模式与OPUS/全向模式得分相当。(2)聆听感受自评：麦克风拾音模式对人工耳蜗使用者噪声条件下问卷得分有显著影响，SONNET/自适应模式得分最高，SONNET/定向模式得分次之，SONNET/全向模式和OPUS/全向模式的得分相当。麦克风拾音模式对人工耳蜗使用者安静条件下问卷得分无显著差异，SONNET/定向模式与OPUS/全向模式得分相当。(3)...     

听力正常人对正弦波汉语普通话的识别

目的通过听力正常人对正弦波处理的汉语普通话的音调及句子识别,探讨正弦波汉语普通话的识别机制。方法测试包括正弦波处理的汉语四声调识别及句子识别。45名听力正常的年轻人,首先进行正弦波处理的汉语四声调及句子训练,然后进行测试。在训练过程中,给予受试者反馈,使其适应,学习正弦波处理的信号。正式测试中,不给予受试者反馈。声调识别测试中,受试者需要在四个声调中选择所听到的声调,在训练和测试过程中,每个声信号只能播放一次,以受试者答对的百分数计分。句子识别采用MHINT,受试者可以反复听测试材料,直至受试者完全识别正确或识别不出为止。以受试者答对的百分数进行评分。结果正弦波四声调识别的正确率平均值为32.6%,仅稍高于机率得分(25%)。受试者得分在23.5%~42.3%之间,其中绝大部分得分在25%至35%之间。在四声调识别中,一声的识别正确率最高,为42.3%;三声的识别正确率次之,为34.9%;二声和四声的识别正确率则均分别为23.5%和29.6%。正弦波汉语普通话句子识别的正确率平均值为92.3%,受试者得分在78%至100%之间,绝大部分在90%以上。配对t检验结果表明,正弦波汉语普通话四声调识别和句子识别的差异具有统计学显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论汉语普通话经过正弦波处理后,声调识别较差,句子识别很好,从上向下机制在正弦波汉语普通话句子识别中起重要作用。     

低年龄段语前聋儿童人工耳蜗植入后汉语声调识别变化的分析

目的:探讨低年龄段经人工耳蜗植入的语前聋儿童经过开机一段时间后声调识别的变化特点。方法:选择29例已经接受人工耳蜗植入的低年龄语前聋儿童,按植入时年龄分为2组,即A组:3.0~4.5岁,B组:5.0~6.5岁,植入后平均开机时间为1.5~2.0年。采用聋康系统的《聋儿听觉言语康复评估词表》中主要反映声调识别的相应评估内容进行封闭项测试。结果:A组:同音单音节声调识别率为(63.00±16.75)%,双音节声调识别率为(75.60±11.18)%,单音节词识别率为(72.38±11.39)%。B组:同音单音节声调识别率为(49.46±13.91)%,双音节声调识别为(64.71±9.64)%,单音节词识别率为(55.71±8.59)%。所有正确识别率结果均大于机会水平。人工耳蜗植入后不同年龄组患儿有关声调识别的三项测试内容,低年龄组患儿均好于高年龄组,结果均差异有统计学意义。结论:对于语前聋行人工耳蜗植入的低年龄儿童,植入时年龄仍是影响植入后声调识别的重要因素之一,而在更能反映汉语声、韵、调特点的单音节词中差异更为明显,因此植入年龄是术后汉语学习的重要影响因素之一。     

语后聋Nucleus人工耳蜗使用者的声调识别

目的 评估语后聋Nucleus人工耳蜗使用者的普通话声调识别水平，探讨其影响因素。方法应用(MACC)材科及北京协和医院耳蜗中心自编（声调测试）材科，评估14例语后聋Nucleus人工耳蜗使用者的普通话声调识别能力，其中使用Nucleus24型Sprint产品ACE方案者11例，Nucleus22型MSP产品MPEAK方案者3例。结果所有植入者的普通话声调识别率均高于机会水平，其中2例Nucleus24型Sprint产品使用者可达到100％。结论Nucleus人工耳蜗语后聋使用者可以获得较好的普通话声调识别．Nucleus24型Sprint产品可为部分植入者提供充分的声调信息。     

Cantonese tone perception ability of cochlear implant children in comparison with normal-hearing children

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cantonese is a tone language. A change in the fundamental frequency pattern within the same phonemic segment causes a change in the lexical meaning. The present study examined the Cantonese tone perception ability of cochlear implant children in comparison with normal-hearing children. It was hypothesized that cochlear implant children follow a similar pattern of tone perception development, as do normal children. METHOD: 225 normal-hearing and 15 hearing-impaired children with cochlear implants were recruited. The high level (tone 1), high rising (tone 2) and low falling (tone 4) were the target tones examined. The three tones were arranged into tone pairs for identification. Each pair shared exactly the same segmental information but differed only in tones (e.g. /sy/ in tones 1 and 2 meaning 'book' and 'mouse', respectively). Subjects were required to point to the corresponding pictures after the live voice presentations. RESULTS: for each tone pair, each subject was awarded a score representing the proportion of stimuli pairs that were correctly discriminated by the subject. The average scores in the normal-hearing and hearing-impaired groups were 0.92 and 0.64, respectively. The normal group had the lowest average score in tone 2/tone 4 (0.87) while the hearing-impaired group performed the worst in tone 1/tone 2 (0.53) perception between the three tone contrasts. CONCLUSIONS: the normal-hearing group performed significantly better than the hearing-impaired group in basic Cantonese tone perception. The pattern of tone perception development of cochlear implant children did not seem to follow that of normal children. Contributing factors on the tone perception performance of the cochlear implant children were subject's age, duration of special training, and durations of wearing the hearing aid and the cochlear implant.     

共振峰信息在汉语声调感知中的作用

目的探讨言语频域共振峰信息在汉语普通话声调识别中的作用。方法采用线性预测编码（linearprediction coding,LPC）技术将单音节字的频域包络（即共振峰信息）与精细结构（即基频谐波信息）分离,合成128个只具有频域包络信息的＂单音节字＂。使用这些＂单音节字＂测试20例听力正常受试者的声调感知能力。结果听力正常受试者依靠共振峰信息识别三声的正确率为69%,识别二声的正确率为42%,识别一声和四声的能力均低于机会值（25%）,声调的平均识别率为36%。只依靠共振峰信息,三声与二声的识别容易混淆,一声与四声较易误识别成二声与三声。结论共振峰信息（尤其是第一共振峰）可以为声调识别提供一些线索,但不起主要作用。     

Benefit and predictive factors for speech perception outcomes in pediatric bilateral cochlear implant recipients

IntroductionDespite recent advancement in the prediction of cochlear implant outcome, the benefit of bilateral procedures compared to bimodal stimulation and how we predict speech perception outcomes of sequential bilateral cochlear implant based on bimodal auditory performance in children remain unclear.ObjectivesThis investigation was performed: (1) to determine the benefit of sequential bilateral cochlear implant and (2) to identify the associated factors for the outcome of sequential bilateral cochlear implant.MethodsObservational and retrospective study. We retrospectively analyzed 29 patients with sequential cochlear implant following bimodal-fitting condition. Audiological evaluations were performed; the categories of auditory performance scores, speech perception with monosyllable and disyllables words, and the Korean version of Ling. Audiological evaluations were performed before sequential cochlear implant with the bimodal fitting condition (CI1 + HA) and one year after the sequential cochlear implant with bilateral cochlear implant condition (CI1 + CI2). The good performance group (GP) was defined as follows; 90% or higher in monosyllable and bisyllable tests with auditory-only condition or 20% or higher improvement of the scores with CI1 + CI2. Age at first implantation, inter-implant interval, categories of auditory performance score, and various comorbidities were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.ResultsCompared to the CI1 + HA, CI1 + CI2 provided significant benefit in categories of auditory performance, speech perception, and Korean version of Ling results. Preoperative categories of auditory performance scores were the only associated factor for being GP (odds ratio = 4.38, 95% confidence interval – 95% = 1.07–17.93, p = 0.04).ConclusionsThe children with limited language development in bimodal condition should be considered as the sequential bilateral cochlear implant and preoperative categories of auditory performance score could be used as the predictor in speech perception after sequential cochlear implant.     

Assessment of Mandarin-speaking pediatric cochlear implant recipients with the Mandarin Early Speech Perception (MESP) test

Objective

The primary purpose of the current study was to evaluate the Mandarin Early Speech Perception (MESP) test for use in objective outcome assessment of pediatric CI recipients in China. Although almost 5000 pediatric CIs have been implanted in China, very little is known about the speech perception abilities of these recipients, in large part because of the previous unavailability of objective outcome assessment tools for Mandarin-speaking children.

Method

The Mandarin Early Speech Perception (MESP) test was administered to 25 pediatric Mandarin-speaking cochlear implant (CI) recipients implanted under the age of 10 years at West China Hospital of Sichuan University.

Results

Data from 22 children reaching MESP Categories 3 (Spondee Perception), 5 (Consonant Perception), and 6 (Tone Perception) were analyzed. The 5 children reaching Category 6 were significantly younger at implantation than children reaching the other two categories. Comparison of MESP scores for CI recipients and normally hearing children revealed that scores for the majority of CI recipients reaching Categories 3 and 5 fell within the range of normal performance, while scores for all CI recipients reaching Category 6 exceeded the average normal performance. MESP scores for Mandarin-speaking CI recipients and ESP scores for English-speaking CI recipients [1] fell on a common trajectory that, after slightly more than 3 years of age, exceeded the ceiling defined by the first four categories common to both tests. After 4 years of age, most Mandarin-speaking had reached Category 6.

Conclusions

These results provide preliminary validation of the MESP test for use in evaluation of Mandarin-speaking pediatric CI recipients. Use of objective outcome assessment tools such as the MESP following early cochlear implantation can be used to document the progress of CI recipients and identify those recipients who may need additional rehabilitative intervention.     

Implementation and preliminary evaluation of ‘C-tone’: A novel algorithm to improve lexical tone recognition in Mandarin-speaking cochlear implant users

Objectives: Because of limited spectral resolution, Mandarin-speaking cochlear implant (CI) users have difficulty perceiving fundamental frequency (F0) cues that are important to lexical tone recognition. To improve Mandarin tone recognition in CI users, we implemented and evaluated a novel real-time algorithm (C-tone) to enhance the amplitude contour, which is strongly correlated with the F0 contour.

Methods: The C-tone algorithm was implemented in clinical processors and evaluated in eight users of the Nurotron NSP-60 CI system. Subjects were given 2 weeks of experience with C-tone. Recognition of Chinese tones, monosyllables, and disyllables in quiet was measured with and without the C-tone algorithm. Subjective quality ratings were also obtained for C-tone.

Results: After 2 weeks of experience with C-tone, there were small but significant improvements in recognition of lexical tones, monosyllables, and disyllables (P?Discussion: The real-time C-tone algorithm provided small but significant improvements for speech performance in quiet with no change in sound quality. Pre-processing algorithms to reduce noise and better real-time F0 extraction would improve the benefits of C-tone in complex listening environments.

Conclusions: Chinese CI users’ speech recognition in quiet can be significantly improved by modifying the amplitude contour to better resemble the F0 contour.     

Pitch and lexical tone perception of bilingual English–Mandarin-speaking cochlear implant recipients,hearing aid users,and normally hearing listeners

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this current study was to investigate whether pitch, lexical tone, and/or speech-in-noise perception were significantly correlated for Singaporean teenagers or adults who spoke both Mandarin and English.

Methods

Thirty-three normal hearing or near-normal hearing listeners who did not use a hearing device (NNH group), eight postlingually deafened cochlear implant (CI) recipients (CI group), and three postlingually deafened bilateral hearing aid (HA) users (HA group) were recruited. All participants were bilingual Mandarin–English-speaking Singaporean residents. Participants were assessed on tests of pitch-ranking, lexical tone perception, and speech-in-noise.

Results

The NNH group scored significantly better than the CI group for all tests and subtests. There were no significant differences for the pitch test between the HA group and either the CI or NNH group. However, HA users scored significantly better than the CI group, and more aligned with the NNH group's scores for both the lexical tone and Mandarin speech-in-noise test. There were highly significant moderate positive correlations between all three tests.

Discussion

Overall, the performance of the CI users in this study indicates that CI recipients still struggle on pitch-related auditory perception tasks. Additionally, although the test scores from the HA users were better than the CI recipients, they were not as good as the NNH listeners. The significant moderate correlations between all three tests indicate that there is at least some degree of overlap in the skills required to accurately perceive these stimuli.

Conclusion

The overall results suggest that CI users, and to a lesser extent HA users, still struggle with complex auditory perceptual tasks, particularly when it requires the perception of pitch. However, it may be possible that training one of these skills (e.g. musical pitch) may then generalize to other tasks (e.g. lexical tone and/or speech-in-noise). This is important for counseling, as well as for planning effective rehabilitation programs.     

Duration of unilateral auditory deprivation is associated with reduced speech perception after cochlear implantation: A single-sided deafness study

Objective: Examine the relationship between duration of unilateral deafness and speech perception outcomes after cochlear implantation in adults with single-sided deafness.

Methods: A systematic review of PubMed articles containing individual speech perception and duration of deafness data from single-sided deaf adults. Studies were selected for detailed review and duration of deafness and speech perception outcomes were extracted, with speech scores reported as percent correct. A linear regression as a function of study and length of deafness was performed.

Results: A statistically significant negative effect of duration of unilateral deafness on speech perception was found, but there was substantial uncertainty regarding the strength of the effect.

Discussion: Existing data make it difficult to either support or reject a hard 5- or 10-year unilateral auditory deprivation limit on cochlear implant (CI) candidacy for patients with single-sided deafness. This is because the totality of available data are consistent with a very small effect, perhaps negligible in practical terms, and just as consistent with a very large effect. Regardless of effect size, the present results have important basic implications. They suggest that unilateral sound deprivation may have a deleterious effect on auditory processing even though more central parts of the auditory system have continued to receive input from a contralateral normal ear.

Conclusions: Speech perception scores in SSD patients are negatively correlated with duration of deafness, but the limited amount of data from cochlear implant users with long-term single-sided deafness leads to substantial uncertainly, which in turn precludes any strong clinical recommendations. Further study of SSD CI users with long-term deafness will be necessary to generate evidence-based guidelines for implantation criteria in this population.