Thermodynamic properties of Pt5La,Pt5Ce,Pt5Pr,Pt5Tb and Pt5 Tm intermetallics

The Gibbs’ energies of formation of Pt₅La, Pt₅Ce, Pt₅Pr, Pt₅Tb and Pt₅ Tm intermetallic compounds have been determined in the temperature range 870–1100 K using the solid state cell: $$Ta,M + MF_3 /CaF_2 /Pt_5 M + Pt + MF_3 ,Ta$$ . The reversible emf of the cell is directly related to the Gibbs’ energy of formation of the Pt₅M compound. The results can be summarized by the equations: $$\begin{gathered} \Delta G_f^ \circ \left\langle {Pt_5 La} \right\rangle = - 373,150 + 6 \cdot 60 T\left( { \pm 300} \right)J mol^{ - 1} \hfill \\ \Delta G_f^ \circ \left\langle {Pt_5 Ce} \right\rangle = - 367,070 + 5 \cdot 79 T\left( { \pm 300} \right)J mol^{ - 1} \hfill \\ \Delta G_f^ \circ \left\langle {Pt_5 Pr} \right\rangle = - 370,540 + 4 \cdot 69 T\left( { \pm 300} \right)J mol^{ - 1} \hfill \\ \Delta G_f^ \circ \left\langle {Pt_5 Tb} \right\rangle = - 372,280 + 4 \cdot 11 T\left( { \pm 300} \right)J mol^{ - 1} \hfill \\ \Delta G_f^ \circ \left\langle {Pt_5 Tm} \right\rangle = - 368,230 + 4 \cdot 89 T\left( { \pm 300} \right)J mol^{ - 1} \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ relative to the low temperature allotropic form of the lanthanide element and solid platinum as standard states The enthalpies of formation of all the Pt₅M intermetallic compounds obtained in this study are in good agreement with Miedema’s model. The experimental values are more negative than those calculated using the model. The variation of the thermodynamic properties of Pt₅M compounds with atomic number of the lanthanide element is discussed in relation to valence state and molar volume.     

Fe86Zr5.5 Nb5.5 B3非晶合金的超高压烧结成型

为了获得致密的块状Fe86Zr55Nb55B3纳米晶合金,研究了高压快速烧结工艺参数对样品致密度和α-Fe相晶粒尺寸的影响.结果表明:快淬球磨破碎非晶粉末在5.5 GPa/3min烧结条件下,当Pw=1150 W后,可获得相对密度为98.3%、单相α-Fe纳米晶(16.3 nm)块体合金,且随着Pw和t的增加,样品相对密度和α-Fe相晶粒尺寸均略有增加,样品典型的比饱和磁化强度σs和矫顽力Hc分别为119.6 emu/g,63.8 Oe.     

Synthesis of tritium-labeled 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorocytosine

The effect of various catalysts and temperature on the solid-phase isotope exchange of 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorocytosine with tritium was studied. The isotope exchange yielding the desired compounds is accompanied by dehalogenation and hydrogenation of the 5,6-double bond of the pyrimidine ring. Performing the reaction at a temperature below 160°C allowed the process to be carried out selectively, i.e., with the preservation of the functional groups and double bond in the starting compound. The yields of various products formed in the reactions of tritium with the above compounds were estimated. Synthesis conditions were found, and tritium-labeled 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorocytosine were prepared with the molar radioactivity of 0.45 Ci mmol⁻¹ (16.7 TBq mol⁻¹) and 4.4 Ci mmol⁻¹ (0.16 PBq mol⁻¹), respectively, and with the purity exceeding 98%.     

Evolution of the structure of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V alloy deformed by high pressure

Specific features of straining of the Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V (VT22) alloy deformed by high pressure (cold and hot screw extrusion) are studied depending on its phase composition by the methods of X-ray diffraction analysis, optical microscopy, and electron microscopy. It is shown that the application of high pressure and complex schemes of deformation in combination with the action of temperature enables one to attain high levels of strains in the material without fracture. Under these conditions, new structures (containing nanosized particles responsible for the new properties) are formed. The mechanisms of deformation on the mesolevel are specified. It is shown that, in the process of cold hydroextrusion, the alloy in the one-phase β-state is deformed according to the mechanism of rotation via the formation of strain-induced martensite, whereas the alloy in the two-phase state is deformed according to the mechanism of bending. It is also shown that the mechanisms of deformation strongly depend on the initial phase composition of the alloy. The procedure of hot screw extrusion is characterized by the action of several mechanisms of deformation. Knowing these mechanisms, it is possible to choose the required modes of treatment and obtain structures guaranteeing the optimal combination of strength and plasticity. __________ Translated From Fizyko-Khimichna Mekhanika Materialiv, Vol. 42, No. 3, Pp. 57–64, May–June, 2006.     

Characterization of coprecipitated ferroelectric Bi2 VO5·5

Fine powders of orthorhombic bismuth vanadate (Bi₂ VO_5·5) have been synthesized by coprecipitation method. Powder X-ray diffraction and electron microscopic techniques have been used to characterize these samples. The formation of the monophasic Bi₂ VO_5·5 was confirmed. The compacted powders sintered at 1070K have been characterized for their dielectric properties as a function of both temperature (300–900 K) and frequency (100 Hz–10 MHz) and found to be superior to those obtained by the conventional solid-state reaction route.     

DFT方法对LaNi5及LaNi5H0.5晶体结构的预测

根据密度泛函理论,以扩展平面波函数为基集,采用超软赝势技术,对LaNi5 储氢合金及其吸氢后的晶胞模型进行了优化,从理论上给出了其结构参数及性质。计算结果表明该方法能较好地符合 LaNi5 及其氢化物结构的实验值,为该类合金的结构预测提供了一个理论估算途径。此外,根据模型的结构参数分析了LaNi5 中不同间隙位的吸氢稳定性,解释了影响间隙位稳定性的因素。     

GAMS5

The construction of the double-crystal γ-spectrometer GAMS5 was finished recently and the instrument is now operational. Measurements with double flat crystals were carried out and we will report here on the progress concerning the characteristics of the spectrometer.     

Ordering of Cubic Titanium Monoxide into Monoclinic Ti5O5

The structures of ordered and disordered cubic Ti _x O _z = TiO _y (y= z/x) phases containing both Ti and O vacancies were studied by x-ray diffraction. The results demonstrate that annealing TiO _y with y= 0.9–1.1 below 1300 K leads to the formation of a monoclinic ordered Ti₅O₅phase (sp. gr. C2/m(A12m/1)). Symmetry analysis of the monoclinic Ti₅O₅superstructure indicates that the TiO _y –Ti₅O₅ordering transition is defined by the {k ₁₀} Lifshits and {k ₄} and {k ₁} non-Lifshits wavevector manifolds. The ordering is shown to be a first-order transition accompanied by a decrease in the unit-cell volume of the parent lattice. The Ti and O distribution functions in titanium monoxide are calculated, and the Ti- and O-site near-neighbor environments in the monoclinic Ti₅O₅superstructure are identified. The region of possible long-range-order parameters is outlined.     

Study of the hot deformation behaviour in Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr-1Zr

Structural applications of near beta titanium alloys are gradually increasing in the aerospace industry because of their high specific mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance. Furthermore, a wide range of microstructures can be obtained by thermomechanical processes. This work determines by the use of EBSD technique the mechanism of restoration active in the near beta titanium alloy Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr-1Zr for deformations in both α + β and β field near to the β transus temperature (T_β = 803 °C). Hot compression tests are carried out up to 0.7 true strain by means of a Gleeble^® 1500 machine at strain rates of 0.01, 0.1 and 1 s⁻¹. Dynamic recovery of β phase and rotation of the α grains take place predominantly in the α + β field. Further deformation produces continuous dynamic recrystallization of the β phase influenced by the strain rate. Dynamic recovery is observed during deformation above the T_β, where the misorientation is increasing towards the grain boundaries forming new small grains with a substructure at high strain rates and larger deformation. The stress exponent and the apparent activation energy for the sinh constitutive equations are determined and the microstructural features are correlated with the Zener-Hollomon parameter.     

Electrical properties of LiNi3/5Fe1/5Cu1/5VO4 ceramics

In this work, LiNi_3/5Fe_1/5Cu_1/5VO₄ ceramic was prepared by solution-based chemical route whose X-ray diffraction results reveal an orthorhombic unit cell structure with lattice parameters of a = 9.6329 (23) Å, b = 6.8527 (23) Å, c = 5.4667 (23) Å. Complex electrical impedance and electrical conductivity were studied using complex impedance spectroscopy technique. The analysis of complex electrical impedance shows: (i) grain interior, grain boundary and electrode-material interface contributions to electrical response and (ii) the presence of temperature dependent electrical relaxation phenomena in the material. A detailed study of electrical conductivity indicates that electrical conduction in the material is a thermally activated process.     

Fe_(72.5)Cu_1Nb_(1.5)Mo_(1.5)V_1Si_(13.5)B_9合金的磁性和晶化过程

本文研究了Ｆｅ７２．５Ｃｕ１Ｎｂ１．５Ｍｏ１．５Ｖ１Ｓｉ１３．５Ｂ９合金在不同热处理温度下磁性能的变化及其晶化过程。在ＦｅＣｕＮｂＳｉＢ合金中用Ｍｏ,Ｖ部分替代Ｎｂ仍能获得软磁性能良好的纳米微晶。其最合适的热处理退火条件为５３５℃,保温１小时。与用机械合金法合成纳米晶相比较,佐证了非晶晶化法形成纳米微晶,其优异的磁性能是由于微晶中同时存在晶粒和晶界两种磁相,晶粒与晶界之间有交换相互作用。     

Thermoluminescence solid-state nanodosimetry--the peak 5A/5 dosemeter

The shape of composite peak 5 in the glow curve of LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) following (90)Sr/(90)Y beta irradiation, previously demonstrated to be dependent on the cooling rate used in the 400°C pre-irradiation anneal, is shown to be dependent on ionisation density in both naturally cooled and slow-cooled samples. Following heavy-charged particle high-ionisation density (HID) irradiation, the temperature of composite peak 5 decreases by ～5°C and the peak becomes broader. This behaviour is attributed to an increase in the relative intensity of peak 5a (a low-temperature satellite of peak 5). The relative intensity of peak 5a is estimated using a computerised glow curve deconvolution code based on first-order kinetics. The analysis uses kinetic parameters for peaks 4 and 5 determined from ancillary measurements resulting in nearly 'single-glow peak' curves for both the peaks. In the slow-cooled samples, owing to the increased relative intensity of peak 5a compared with the naturally cooled samples, the precision of the measurement of the 5a/5 intensity ratio is found to be ～15% (1 SD) compared with ～25% for the naturally cooled samples. The ratio of peak 5a/5 in the slow-cooled samples is found to increase systematically and gradually through a variety of radiation fields from a minimum value of 0.13±0.02 for (90)Sr/(90)Y low-ionisation density irradiations to a maximum value of ～0.8 for 20 MeV Cu and I ion HID irradiations. Irradiation by low-energy electrons of energy 0.1-1.5 keV results in values between 1.27 and 0.95, respectively. The increasing values of the ratio of peak 5a/5 with increasing ionisation density demonstrate the viability of the concept of the peak 5a/5 nanodosemeter and its potential in the measurement of average ionisation density in a 'nanoscopic' mass containing the trapping centre/luminescent centre spatially correlated molecule giving rise to composite peak 5.     

应变率对V-5Cr-5Ti合金拉伸性能的影响

应用旋转圆盘冲击拉伸Hopkinson试验装置和MTS材料试验机,测定了V-5Cr-5Ti合金在不同应变率下的拉伸性能,用SEM观察了断口形貌,获得了10-5s-1~103s-1应变率范围内V-5Cr-5Ti合金的拉伸应力应变关系。结果表明V-5Cr-5Ti合金为应变率敏感材料,流动应力随应变率的增加而增加,且发生韧脆转变现象,其韧脆转变临界应变率在101s-1~102s-1量级。