Electrospun polyethylene oxide (PEO) nanofibers containing cyclodextrin inclusion complex

In this study, we obtained functional electrospun nanofibers containing stable fragrance/flavor molecule facilitated by cyclodextrin inclusion complexation. Menthol was used as a model fragrance/flavor molecule and we have electrospun poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) nanofibers containing cyclodextrin-menthol inclusion complexes (CD-menthol-IC). We used two different solvent systems; water and water:ethanol and three types of CDs; alpha-CD, beta-CD and gamma-CD in order to find the optimal performance for the stabilization of menthol at high temperatures. We observed that the solvent system used for electrospinning process and the types of CDs (alpha-CD, beta-CD and gamma-CD) are very important to obtain CD-menthol-IC which ultimately determines the durability and temperature stability of menthol in the PEO nanofibrous web. We found out that it is better to use water rather than the water:ethanol solvent system for the inclusion complexation and additionally beta-CD and gamma-CD are most favorable choices since they are able to form complexation with menthol in the water solvent system. Despite the high volatility nature of menthol, our results demonstrated that the stability and temperature release of menthol was sustained to a very high and a broad temperature range (100 degrees C-250 degrees C) for PEO nanowebs containing CD-menthol-IC whereas the PEO nanofibers without CD and without CD-menthol complex could not preserve menthol even during storage. In brief, the results are very encouraging and open up for a variety of new exciting possibilities for the development of multi-functional electrospun nanofibers containing cyclodextrin inclusion complexes.     

Nanocomposite Films of MoO3 Xerogel with Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) Intercalation

(PEO)(x)MoO3.nH(2)O(x=0 similar to2) nanocomposite films were prepared by ion exchange method and polymer solution direct intercalation in sol-gel route. The synthesis and structure of the films were investigated by XRD, DSC, FTIR, etc. The results show that MoO3 xerogel has a layered structure, which arranges in b-direction. The interlayer distance Of MoO3 xerogel increases from 0.690 nm at x=0 to 1.308 nm at x=2 after heat treatment. PEO can be completely intercalated into the interlayer at x=0.5 similar to1 and has strong interaction with MoO3 host.     

Electric-magnetic field-induced aligned electrospun poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) nanofibers

In this work, we report our attempt on the production of well-aligned nanofibers of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) by the introduction of magnetic field in the electric field by placing a cylindrical magnet within the electric field. Well-aligned nanofibers were obtained on top of the magnet. No particular structure could be associated with the other sides of the magnet. The aligned nanofibers were characterized by a host of characterization techniques such as optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The diameter of the PEO nanofibers ranged between 500 and 1000 nm.     

Intercalation of polyethylene oxide PEO in layered MPS3 (M = Ni, Fe) materials

The intercalation compounds Li_0.96(H₂O)_0.77(PEO)_0.63Ni_0.48PS₃ and Li_0.94(H₂O)_0.92(PEO)_0.94Fe_0.48PS₃ obtained by the insertion of PEO in MPS₃ form lithium-polyethylene oxide complexes containing Li⁺ exchangeable cation in the interlayer space. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) is able to associate interlayer cation increasing the ionic conductivity of NiPS₃ and FePS_3. These compounds constitute a new family of intercalates MPS₃ (M = Ni, Fe) host-layer materials.The new materials were characterized by powder X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR), differential thermal and thermogravimetric analyses (DTA/TG), energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and electrochemical impedance measurements. The intercalation compound Li_0.96(H₂O)_0.77(PEO)_0.63Ni_0.48PS₃ shows an ionic conductivity of 0.13 μS/cm, and dc electronic conductivity of ca. 0.1 μS/cm which is twice that of NiPS₃.     

(PEO)8LiClO4-TiO2复合电解质膜的制备表征及导电性能

以聚氧化乙烯/高氯酸锂复合物(简记为(PEO)8L iC lO4)为基体,通过钛酸丁酯的水解缩合反应在其中原位生成T iO2粒子,制备了(PEO)8L iC lO4-T iO2复合聚合物电解质膜,采用原子力显微镜(AFM)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)和交流阻抗方法研究了复合电解质膜的形貌、结晶、熔融行为和离子电导率。结果表明,T iO2粒子在基体中分散均匀,加入T iO2后复合电解质体系的玻璃化转变温度和结晶度均有所下降,而电导率明显提高,当T iO2添加量为5%时电导率最大,20℃和80℃的电导率分别为5.5×10-5S/cm和1.1×10-3S/cm。     

Shape memory characterization of polytetra methylene oxide/poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylonitrile) complexed gel

Polymer gels of poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylonitrile) [p(AA-co-AN)] of varying compositions were synthesized and complexed with polytetramethylene oxide (PTMO) to get PTMO/p(AA-co-AN) complexed gels. The complexation occurred through H-bonding of carboxyl group of acrylic acid with ether group of PTMO. The PTMO/p(AA-co-AN) gels were characterized by DSC, DMTA and swelling ratio. Their shape memory property was evaluated by bending tests. The swelling ratio of [p(AA-co-AN)] in PTMO (as solvent) increased and T_g of the complexed gel diminished with enhancement in the acrylic acid-content in the copolymer. The modulus ratio (E_g/E_r) increased with the acrylic acid content, which is conducive to better shape memory and shape recovery properties of the gels. The influence of the copolymer composition on the swelling ratio, T_g, dynamic mechanical and the shape memory properties of the complexes is examined and presented. The gels showed a shape recovery of >90%, which increased with the acrylic acid content in the copolymer.     

NMR study of sodium oxide enriched beta-alumina

Sodium beta-alumina ceramic and powder specimens having a range of Na₂O content were studied by continuous wave NMR techniques. The ^{2 3}Na-NMR spectra obtained were sensitive to composition. An ion exchange experiment showed the presence of sodium ions with distinctly different mobilities. The results suggest that some of the excess Na₂O present in these ceramics is incorporated within the beta-alumina structure at a site distinct from that occupied by sodium ions in normal beta-alumina.     

PEO/LiClO4复合体系中PEO的等温结晶动力学研究

用差示扫描量热法研究了聚氧化乙烯(PEO)和PEO/LiClO4复合体系中PEO的等温结晶过程.用Avrami方程分析了PEO和复合体系中PEO的等温结晶动力学,得到PEO在不同体系中等温结晶时的动力学参数.PEO的Avrami指数n都趋近2.5,说明PEO晶体以三维方式依热成核生长.动力学参数表明,复合体系中的PEO以异相成核为主.LiClO4对PEO等温结晶过程的影响为:作为PEO结晶的成核剂而加快其结晶过程;增加了复合体系的粘度,缩短了PEO的半结晶时间,使其结晶总速率增大;降低了复合体系中PEO的绝对结晶度.PEO和复合体系中的PEO等温结晶时成核和生长活化能△E分别为59.28kJ/mol、70.85kJ/mol.     

Effect of starch type on miscibility in poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/starch blends and cytotoxicity assays

This study reports results on the miscibility of polymer blends based on PEO and different starches (unmodified, cationic, and hydrophobic) and their respective cytotoxicity. Films of PEO/starch blends at different weight ratios (95/05, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 65/35, and 60/40), as well as films of pure PEO as control, were prepared by casting methodology. Several techniques, such as SEM, WAXS, FTIR, and FT-Raman spectroscopy were used in this study for evaluating blend miscibility. The results revealed that the miscibility of such blends is dependent on the type of starch used. Regarding the PEO/unmodified starch blends, it was concluded that the system is miscible in the ratio range from 90/10 to 65/35. Although the PEO/hydrophobic starch blends are miscible in all the studied range, blends of PEO and cationic starch are immiscible, regardless the blend ratio. The different samples presented distinct cytotoxic behaviors. PEO and hydrophobic starch presented no relevant toxicity (CC_50/72 > 2.5 mg/mL). Otherwise, the cationic starch was the most harmful for the cells. The blends presented cytotoxicity values between those of PEO and cationic starch.     

Evaluation of copolymers of polyethylene oxide and polybutylene terephthalate (polyactive): mechanical behaviour

Polyether–polyester segmented block copolymers (Polyactive®) on the basis of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) were mechanically tested. Tensile strength and modulus of elasticity in compressive and tensile deformation were recorded according to ASTM standards. These tests were done in vitro under dry and wet conditions, and after 3, 9 and 25 wk subcutaneous implantation of these materials in goats. Strength and modulus of elasticity were higher with increased contents of PBT in the copolymers. After water uptake, the polymer displayed a lower strength and stiffness. Disintegration of the materials with 70% PEO content and dumb-bell shape was noted at 3 wk. Disintegration of the cylinders of the same material was seen after 25 wk implantation. Of the materials with 60% PEO content, only four of the five dumb-bells had disintegrated after 25 wk implantation. The in vivo test results of all other implants did not show a clinically relevant decrease of strength and stiffness with time after implantation of the copolymers in the goats. Mechanical behavior of the various copolymers seemed mainly determined by the amount and integrity of the PBT phase.     

Reduction of neptunium(V) and uranium(VI) with iron(II) in bicarbonate solutions

Reaction of Np(VI) compounds with Fe(II) in bicarbonate solutions was studied. Reaction of Np(V) with Fe(II) in the presence of phthalate ions was briefly considered. Iron(II) compounds reduce Np(V) compounds in solutions saturated with Ar or CO₂ at any concentrations of bicarbonate ion. At [Na(K)HCO₃] > 0.86 M, Np(V) is reduced during mixing the reactants and recording the spectra. The reaction of Fe(II) with Np(V) in dilute bicarbonate solutions is substantially slower, probably owing to a sharp decrease in the solubility of the Np(V) carbonate complexes. The solubility of the Np(V) compounds increases after saturation of the dilute bicarbonate solutions with CO₂. However, in this case reduction remains slow. Uranium(VI) carbonate complexes are reduced with Fe(II) compounds in dilute bicarbonate solutions. The reaction products formed at elevated temperatures are UO₂ and FeOOH.     

有序PEO/PHB核壳超细纤维的制备及性能

以聚氧乙烯(PEO)/氯仿溶剂为核层纺丝液,聚β-羟基丁酸酯(PHB)/氯仿溶剂为壳层纺丝液,通过同轴静电纺丝技术和高速旋转接收辊制备了有序排列的PEO/PHB核壳超细纤维.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热重分析仪(TGA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和动态热机械分析仪(DMA)对制备的PEO/PHB核壳超细纤维膜的表面形貌、核壳结构、热性能、结晶性能和力学性能进行表征.结果表明:实验制备的PEO/PHB纤维具有显著的核壳结构,纤维排列有序,纤维平均直径为0.57～1.27μm;PEO/PHB核壳超细纤维晶体结构中含有组分PHB的α型晶体和组分PEO的单斜晶体;增加纺丝电压,纤维直径减小,结晶度先增大后减小;增加推注速度,纤维直径增大,结晶度先增大后减小;增加收集距离,纤维直径先减小后增大,结晶度先增加后减小.改变单一纺丝条件,在纺丝电压18 kV或推注速度0.07 mm/min或收集距离8 cm的条件下所制备的纤维膜均具有较高的力学性能;与纯PHB纤维和纯PEO纤维比较,有序排列PEO/PHB核壳超细纤维中各组分热学稳定性均有所提高.     

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of controlled-release matrix tablets of highly water-soluble drug applying different mw polyethylene oxides (PEO) as retardants

The aim of the work presented is to prepare a controlled-release hydrophilic matrix tablet (CMT) controlling release of highly water-soluble drug applying pure combination of high- and low-Mw PEO as matrix materials, to avoid the lag time of drug release, and to overcome incomplete release in later stages. The influences of types and amounts of different Mw PEOs used, drug loading, pH of release medium and agitation rate on drug release were evaluated. The study of uptake and erosion of matrix was conducted and mechanism of improving drug release was discussed. In vivo pharmacokinetics of the CMT and reference preparation self-made controlled-release osmotic pump tablets (COPT) were performed in beagle dogs. The optimized formulation containing 43% PEO WSR 303 and 32% PEO N750 showed a zero order release from 1?h to 12?h. In vivo results demonstrated that the CMT had similar AUC_0-48?h and C_max with the COPT but smaller T_max than the COPT and provided a more stable therapeutic concentration compared to the COPT. In conclusion, hydrophilic matrix tablet combining only different Mw PEOs as matrix materials had very good potential to be developed into a controlled-release drug delivery system for highly water-soluble drug. Besides, its manufacturing processes were succinct which would be preferable for modern medicine industry.     

聚乙二醇/磺化聚苯醚质子交换膜的制备与性能研究

采用溶液共混浇铸法制备了一系列的聚乙二醇/磺化聚苯醚(PEG/SPPO)共混膜SPPO的红外光谱图显示了磺酸基团的成功引入;X-射线衍射图表明,加入柔性的聚乙二醇,SPPO的有序程度降低;膜的离子交换容量(IEC值)、质子传导率和吸水率等理化性能结果表明:PEG/SPPO共混膜的质子传导率和离子交换容量虽然较纯SPPO膜有所下降,但是最大也分别达到了1.80mequiv.g-1和0.061S/cm(PEG/SPPO=10/90,90℃),仍然可以满足质子交换膜的使用要求,而复合膜的吸水率和溶胀率较SPPO膜大幅降低。整体来说,复合膜的各项综合性质良好,有望应用于直接甲醇燃料电池。     

Preparation of fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO2:F) film on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate

Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), one of the most popular transparent conductive oxide (TCO) materials, coated on glass has been used in various applications including many new-generation solar cells. However, there is a lack of reporting when it comes to FTO coated on flexible transparent substrate. For this paper, spray pyrolysis technique was used to have FTO firstly coated on to a brass substrate, which was then dissolved away after cementing an upper flexible transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate, finally leaving high quality FTO film on PET substrate. Their structural, electrical, optical and flexible properties were investigated. The lowest resistivity was 7.6 × 10^− 4 Ω cm, which is as good as conventional FTO deposited on glass. Their fold ability could be significantly improved to transcend commercial ITO/PET only by increasing the pretreating time of the brass substrate.     

Thermal degradation of polyethylene oxide blended with novolac type phenolic resin

The miscibility and thermal degradation of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) toughened novolac type phenolic resin were investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results confirmed that phenolic resin/PEO blend was blended completely. Infrared spectra show that hydrogen bonding existed in the blends. Thermal degradation of poly(ethylene oxide) blended with novolac type phenolic resin has been studied utilizing a dynamic thermogravimetric technique in a flowing nitrogen atmosphere at several heating rates (i.e. 5, 10, 20, 40°C/min). Thermal degradation of phenolic resin/PEO blends takes place in multiple steps. Chemical structure and components of blends affected thermal degradation, which coincided with the data from thermal degradation of novolac type phenolic resin/PEO blends by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).