Influence of different luting agents on the stress distributions of implant-supported all-ceramic single crown

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different luting agents on the stress distribution within the crown, abutment and peri-implant bone of implant-supported all-ceramic single crown. A three-dimensional finite element model of an implant-supported single crown for the first premolar of mandible was created by COSMOS 2.85. Resin-modified glass ionomer and two different resin adhesives were used to cement the crown and abutment. Vertical 600 N and horizontal 225 N loads were applied to stimulate the condition of chewing. The stress distributions within the all-ceramic crown, abutment and peri-implant bone were analyzed. The experimental results show that the stress distributions of all-ceramic crown, abutment, implant and peri-implant bone were similar when different luting agents were used. The result of present study indicated that luting agents had no influence on the stress distributions of implant-supported all-ceramic single crown.     

Influence of abutment material on the stress of implant-supported all-ceramic single crown

In order to investigate the influence of abutment material on the stress of implant-supported all-ceramic single crown, a 3D finite element model of implant-supported mandibular first premolar was computed by COSMOS/M 2.85 software. Alumina, zirconia, and titanium were used as abutment materials respectively. Vertical 600 N and horizontal 225 N load was applied on the occlusal surface. The results show that the stress distribution of implant-supported single crown was similar for different abutment materials. Maximum stresses within the crown were higher when titanium abutment was used. Maximum stress of titanium abutment was lower than that of ceramic abutment. Within the screw and fixture, maximum stresses had no difference under vertical loading but higher as titanium abutment was used under horizontal loading. There was no difference of maximum stress within the bone when different abutment materials were used. The present findings indicate that the abutment material had no influence on the stress distribution of implant-supported all-ceramic single crown but maximum stress when the titanium abutment was lower than that of ceramic abutment.     

附着体式固定义齿倾斜基牙修复前后应力分布的 各向异性三维有限元分析

失牙后未能及时修复将造成邻牙向缺隙侧倾斜,从而牙体缺隙侧应力集中,牙槽骨破坏。采用常规的修复方法难以获得好的修复效果或将对基牙造成更大的损伤,采用各向异性的数据建立修复前后具有可对比性的三维有限元模型,研究采用附着体修复方法,在修复前后不同受载情况下,得到了修复前后基牙的应力分布数据,结果表明：倾斜基牙单独承受牙牙时,基牙近中牙槽骨应力较高。附着体式固定义齿修复后,在承担牙力时,倾斜基牙的应力分布能明显得到改善。本研究为临床修复倾斜基牙提出了新的修复方法,并为采用附着体修复倾斜基牙提供了生物力学依据。     

移动压力支承作用下底板巷道围岩变形与采深的关系

本文阐明了移动支承压力影响区与采深的关系，提出了用有效载荷系数来反映动压作用下底板巷道围岩变形量的大小，结合孙村煤矿实测资料，总结出在跨采期间，底板巷道围岩变形量与有效载荷系数之间的定量关系，为深井开采移动支承压力作用下，底板巷道围岩变形量预测预报提供了一种方法。     

综放回采巷道围岩力学特征实测研究

通过对综放面回采巷道围岩的深部位移、表面位移、应力分布以及支架荷载的实测分析，得出综放面回采巷道围岩力学特征分布规律．研究表明，临近工作面巷道围岩处于支承压力降低区，支架荷载下降，但支架和围岩变形最剧烈，表明巷道围岩处于岩石峰后的力学状态．围岩变形主要发生支承压力影响区，合理的巷道支护应能控制采动影响剧烈阶段的围岩变形，顺槽支护设计理念应从载荷控制向变形控制转变．     

Floor stress evolution laws and its effect on stability of floor roadway

According to the distribution of abutment stress in a stope, this research established the mechanical model of mining abutment pressure transmission in floor base on the theory of semi-infinite plate body in elasticity. This study takes the 762 working face of Haizi Coal Mine as a case in point, and analyzed the dynamic evolution law of seam floor stress during the mining process. With an organic combination of the mining floor stress and surrounding rock stress, the study obtained the change laws of the maximum principle stress and the minimum one for the floor roadway surrounding rock when mining the upper working face. Considering the non-constant pressure force state and the cracks revolution mechanisms of floor roadway surrounding rock, the research built the mechanical model of roadway stress. Simulation results verify the reliability of the above conclusions. Moreover, this model could provide the theoretical basis and technical support for controlling floor roadway surrounding rock.     

两种不同固位体设计的可摘局部义齿对牙槽骨的应力研究

用三维光弹性应力分析方法，对Ｔｈｏｍｐｓｏｎ半精密附着体固位与ＲＰＩ卡环固位下颌双侧游离端可摘局部义齿在牙槽骨内的应力分布进行了研究。同时，比较了两种不同固位方法的牙槽骨内的应力分布规律。获得了基牙根尖应力。     

加固顶板控制巷道底鼓的数值分析

利用数值计算方法，研究了顶板强度对回采巷道围岩应力分布、塑性区范围及底鼓的影响，结果表明：巷道顶板强度提高后，巷旁支承压力峰值将向巷帮深部移动，顶板中的水平应力增加，巷道底板的塑性区范围明显减小，巷道底鼓量也将减小。在此基础上，提出了加固巷道顶板控制底鼓的观点。     

平顶山矿务局八矿已_(15)煤层回采顺槽稳定性的观测研究

本文通过对特定地质条件下回采巷道围岩的位移、支架的变形及支承压力观测数据的分析研究,提出了两侧均为实体煤时巷道中支承压力的分布规律,对以后这种地质条件下回采顺槽的布置及设计有指导作用。     

Control over Surrounding Rocks Deformation of Soft Floor and Whole-Coal Gateways with Trapezoidal Supports

In Gengcun Colliery, Yima Coal Group Co. Ltd.the characteristics of the gateways of thick coal seam and the coal seam is with fully mechanized sublevel caving mining are that the thickness of roof coal seam of gateways is larger, their surrounding rocks are the whole-coal mass and the coal seam is prone to Spontaneous Combustion. With the natural equilibrium arch theory, the reasonable adjacent distance of No. 11 mine-type metal supports was calculated in trapezoidal gateways based on these characteristics. Then, in-situ supporting experiments were carried out. There sults indicate that under the action of virgin rock stress, the width of broken rocks zone of surrounding rocks is 1.7-2.0m in return heading and 1.1-1.3 m in going headway. And their surrounding rocks belong to the Ⅳ-type soften rock and the Ⅲ-type common surrounding rock respectively. Therefore, under the movable abutment pressure, the gateways deformation is serious. It is suggested that the designed gateways have to use pre-broadened cross section to suit their deformation. At the same time, the accumulated water on gateway floor must be drained in time. These measures weretaken in the 1302 and 1304 coal faces in Gengcun Colliery, and the satisfactory results have been obtained.     

Comparative study of model tests on automatically formed roadway and gob-side entry driving in deep coal mines

Automatically formed roadway(AFR) by roof cutting with bolt grouting(RCBG) is a new deep coal mining technology. By using this technology, the broken roadway roof is strengthened, and roof cutting is applied to cut off stress transfer between the roadway and gob to ensure the collapse of the overlying strata. The roadway is automatically formed owing to the broken expansion characteristics of the collapsed strata and mining pressure. Taking the Suncun Coal Mine as the engineering background, the control effect of this new technology on roadways was studied. To compare the law of stress evolution and the surrounding rock control mechanisms between AFR and traditional gob-side entry driving, a comparative study of geomechanical model tests on the above methods was carried out. The results showed that the new technology of AFR by RCBG effectively reduced the stress concentration of the roadway compared with gob-side entry driving. The side abutment pressure peak of the solid coal side was reduced by 24.3%, which showed an obvious pressure-releasing effect. Moreover, the position of the side abutment pressure peak was far from the solid coal side, making it more beneficial for roadway stability. The deformation of AFR surrounding rock was also smaller than the deformation of the gob-side entry driving by the overload test. The former was more beneficial for roadway stability than the latter under higher stress conditions. Field application tests showed that the new technology can effectively control roadway deformation. Moreover, the technology reduced roadway excavation and avoided resource waste caused by reserved coal pillars.     

Analysis of ARMPS2010 database with La Model and an updated abutment angle equation

The Analysis of Retreat Mining Pillar Stability(ARMPS) program was developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH) to help the United States coal mining industry to design safe retreat room-and-pillar panels. ARMPS calculates the magnitude of the in-situ and mining-induced loads by using geometrical computations and empirical rules. In particular, the program uses the ‘‘abutment angle" concept in calculating the magnitude of the abutment load on pillars adjacent to a gob. In this paper, stress measurements from United States and Australian mines with different overburden geologies with varying hard rock percentages were back analyzed. The results of the analyses indicated that for depths less than 200 m, the ARMPS empirical derivation of a 21° abutment angle was supported by the case histories; however, at depths greater than 200 m, the abutment angle was found to be significantly less than 21°. In this paper, a new equation employing the panel width to overburden depth ratio is constructed for the calculation of accurate abutment angles for deeper mining cases. The new abutment angle equation was tested using both ARMPS2010 and La Model for the entire case history database of ARMPS2010. The new abutment angle equation to estimate the magnitude of the mining-induced loads used together with the La Model program was found to give good classification accuracies compared to ARMPS2010 for deep cover cases.     

Rock burst mechanism analysis in an advanced segment of gob-side entry under different dip angles of the seam and prevention technology

In order to investigate the frequent occurrences of rock burst in gob-side entry during the mining process of the mining zone No. 7, the mechanical model of main roof of fully-mechanized caving mining before breaking was established by the Winkler foundation beam theory, and the stress evolution law of surrounding rock with different dip angles of the seam during the mining process was analyzed by using FLAC3 D. The results show that: with the dip angle changing from 45° to 0°, the solid-coal side of gobside entry begins to form an L-shaped stress concentration zone at a dip angle of 30°, and the stress concentration degree goes to higher and higher levels. However, the stress concentration degree of the coalpillar side goes to lower and lower levels; the influence range and peak stress of the abutment at the lateral strata of adjacent gob increase with dip angle decreasing and reach a maximum value at a dip angle of 0°, but the tailgate is not affected; the abutment pressure superposition of two adjacent gobs leads to stress concentration further enhancing in both sides of gob-side entry. With the influence of strong mining disturbance, rock burst is easily induced by dynamic and static combined load in the advanced segment of gob-side entry. To achieve stability control similar to that in the roadway, the key control strategy is to reinforce surrounding rock and unload both sides. Accordingly, the large-diameter drilling and high-pressure water injection combined unloading and reinforced support cooperative control technology was proposed and applied in field test. The results of Electromagnetic Emission(EME) and field observation showed that unloading and surrounding rock control effect was obvious.     

Effects of longwall-induced stress and deformation on the stability and mechanical integrity of shale gas wells drilled through a longwall abutment pillar

This paper presents the results of a comprehensive study conducted by CONSOL Energy, Marcellus Shale Coalition, and Pennsylvania Coal Association to evaluate the effects of longwall-induced subsurface deformations on the mechanical integrity of shale gas wells drilled over a longwall abutment pillar.The primary objective is to demonstrate that a properly constructed gas well in a standard longwall abutment pillar can maintain mechanical integrity during and after mining operations. A study site was selected over a southwestern Pennsylvania coal mine, which extracts 457-m-wide longwall faces under about 183 m of cover. Four test wells and four monitoring wells were drilled and installed over a 38-m by84-m centers abutment pillar. In addition to the test wells and monitoring wells, surface subsidence measurements and underground coal pillar pressure measurements were conducted as the 457-m-wide longwall panels on the south and north sides of the abutment pillar were mined by. To evaluate the resulting coal protection casing profile and lateral displacement, three separate 60-arm caliper surveys were conducted. This research represents a very important step and initiative to utilize the knowledge and science obtained from mining research to improve miner and public safety as well as the safety and health of the oil and gas industries.     

Design of Implant Prosthesis for Bone Injury Repair Considering Stress Shielding Effect

The failure of bone injury repair surgery is mostly due to the stress shielding effect caused by the difference of elastic modulus between the implant prosthesis and human bone, resulting in a great damage to patients. To solve this problem, in this study, the influencing factors of the elastic modulus of implant prosthesis were investigated, the relationship between the elastic modulus of the implanted prosthesis and the influencing factors was analyzed, and then a design method of the implant prosthesis to reduce the stress shielding effect by adjusting the unit module to control the elastic modulus was established. This method was used for the biomechanical simulation to simulate the displacement and stress distribution between the implant prosthesis and the surrounding bone tissue, and then the reliability of the method was verified. The implant prosthesis with an elastic modulus consistent with that of the experimental dog bone was made by this method, and used for the animal experiments. The effects of implant prosthesis with different modulus on the growth of surrounding bone tissue were observed, and at the same time, the reliability of the implant design method and the results of biomechanical simulation were verified. It is confirmed that this method can effectively reduce the stress concentration of implant prosthesis by more than 15.4% and increase the growth of bone tissue by more than 21%.     

Test studies of gas flow in rock and coal surrounding a mined coal seam

An analysis of the variation rule of abutment pressure at the mining working face in a single coal seam and the mechanical behavior of surrounding rock during stoping is presented. Consideration of the elastic and plastic deformation zones that develop during the mining process allowed the determination of a relationship between horizontal stress and vertical stress. Based on this, a confined pressure unloading test was conducted by the use of the “gas-containing coal thermo-fluid-solid coupling 3-axis servo seepage” experimental apparatus. Thus, gas flow patterns in the elastic and plastic zones were derived from an experimental point of view. Darcy’s law and the Klinkenberg effect were used to derive a gas flow equation for the elastic and plastic stress fields. The study of gas flow phenomena at the working face during coal mining is of great importance for the study of gas migration and enrichment patterns.     

工作面支承压力分布的研究

为了研究采场支承压力,运用FLAC3D软件建立工作面开采数值模拟模型,研究了工作面前支承压力分布形态及应力峰值的位置,通过与理论计算、现场实测的结果相比较,得出数值模拟、理论分析、现场实测的结果是基本一致的,提出了采场前支承压力的计算方法,对井下工作面超前支护距离设计具有借鉴意义。     

在水平荷载下整体式桥台桥梁受力分析

目的为找出在升温温差和降温温差下桥台桩柱内实测应力的分布和变化规律,分析水平荷载作用下整体式桥台桥梁的受力性能．方法以富裕工业园跨线桥为工程背景,以试验桥的左侧桥台作为试验对象,采用计算精度高的P-y曲线法对整体式桥台桥梁在制动力作用下的受力进行分析．结果通过与试验桥桥台桩柱内应力试验实测值的对比分析所得出P—y曲线法计算桩土相互作用的精度高于“m”法．试验桥的单侧桥台在制动力作用下的受力与在均匀温差作用下的受力具有相似性．结论采用P-y曲线法分析在水平荷载下整体式桥台桥梁的受力特性具有较高的可行性．     

基于非线性有限元的高拱坝坝肩稳定性分析-研究生论坛

处于复杂地质条件下的拱坝,坝肩岩体稳定性问题是其发生事故的重要原因之一。某水电站拱坝右坝肩发育有靠近坝体的蚀变集中带及沿该集中带的多条断层,左坝肩在坝肩槽不同高程有多条断层出露,地形地质复杂。为了正确合理地研究其坝肩岩体的稳定特性,根据水电站坝址区地形地质条件,充分考虑拱坝左右坝肩的主要断层及蚀变带等不利地质构造,建立三维有限元模型,模拟拱坝及坝区岩体在正常运行及温降工况下的应力场,采用点安全系数法分析坝肩岩体在加固和未加固的情况下的稳定性,并运用综合强度储备法评价坝肩的极限承载能力。研究结果表明,坝肩岩体点安全系数均处于合理范围内且相对较高,综合安全系数相对较大,说明坝基加固措施合理有效,坝肩具有较强的承载能力。     

煤矿深井采场矿压显现及其控制特点

根据采场围岩控制原则、垮落带岩层的判别式、裂隙带老顶在触矸处的下沉量计算式和移动支承压力与采深的关系,分析了采深对采场矿压显现不同参数的影响,并通过实测加以验证根据岩性随采深的变化,讨论了深井采场可能出现的冒顶事故,并提出了相应的控制,认为采深对矿压显现的影响在采场支护方面不明显,而煤壁片帮将随采深增加而加剧。深部围岩逐渐变碎强度有所降低。深部采场应加强对垮睦顶事故的防治,把顶板护好。