碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石复合材料的制备及表征

以含钴介孔分子筛为催化剂、乙醇为碳源, 采用CVD法制备碳纳米管(CNTs)。通过原位合成法制备一系列不同碳纳米管含量的碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石(CNTs/HA)复合材料。分别采用XRD、FTIR、TEM、N₂吸附-脱附和Raman光谱等分析手段, 对所合成CNTs/HA复合材料的晶相、结构、形貌和比表面积等进行了表征。同时研究了碳纳米管的添加量对所合成CNTs/HA复合材料形貌的影响。XRD与Raman结果表明, 所得CNTs/HA复合粉体中仅有CNTs与HA两种物相, 纯度较高, 结晶度较好; TEM结果显示, CNTs/HA复合材料中CNTs表面均匀包裹着一层纳米级的针状HA晶粒, 两者形成了较强的界面结合, 且当CNTs与HA的质量比为3:17时, CNTs与HA形成最佳结合状态; N₂吸附-脱附表征结果表明, 与HA的比表面积相比, CNTs/HA复合材料具有较高比表面积。     

原位聚合羟基磷灰石/聚醚醚酮复合材料

通过原位聚合法制备HA/PEEK复合材料,利用X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪、扫描电镜对PEEK、HA/PEEK复合材料进行表征。研究表明,基体PEEK的聚合过程受到一定的影响;HA颗粒在基体之中有着优异的分散性。将PEEK、HA/PEEK复合材料压模成型,通过拉伸试验和硬度测量检测材料的力学性能,结果表明,HA的加入对复合材料的力学性能产生较大的影响。     

磷酸钙在纳米羟基磷灰石／硅橡胶复合材料表面的仿生合成

将纳米羟基磷灰石，硅橡胶复合材料浸泡于模拟体液（SBF）中仿生合成了磷酸钙，利用IR、XRD、ICP和SEM等测试手段对表面沉积物进行表征．结果表明：在模拟体液中浸泡后，复合材料表面形成了分布均匀的以羟基磷灰石为主要成分的晶粒，表面羟基磷灰石的比例得到提高，生物学性能得以进一步改善；表明纳米羟基磷灰石，硅橡胶复合材料是一种生物活性材料．     

胶原羟基磷灰石/阿拉伯树胶复合材料的制备与表征

以硝酸钙、 磷酸氢二铵、 酸溶胶原和阿拉伯树胶为原料, 采用原位合成法制备了胶原羟基磷灰石/阿拉伯树胶(ColHA/Gum A)复合材料。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、 扫描电镜(SEM)、 傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR) 研究与表征了复合材料的结构特征, 并研究了其力学性能、 吸水性、 酶降解性及急性细胞毒性。结果表明, 所得到的复合材料中无机相主要是低结晶度的羟基磷灰石, 这种羟基磷灰石均匀地分散于胶原---阿拉伯树胶所构成的复合体中, 形成了新的界面。力学性能、 吸水性能、 酶降解性及急性细胞毒性的研究结果表明, 该复合材料是一种颇有前途的骨组织替代材料。      

纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸复合材料力学性能

将纳米羟基磷灰石(n-HA)和聚乳酸(PUA)在溶剂中混合,干燥后再采用热压成型工艺制备n-HA/PLLA复合材料.制备过程中n-HA采用F-127和PEG改性处理.拉伸实验发现:n-HA加入PLLA基体中,能提高PLLA的塑性;PEG改性n-HA与PLLA复合力学性能较好,PEG可以改善HA的分散性.扫描电镜图片显示:与PLLA比较,PEG改性n-HA/PLLA复合材料的断裂为韧性断裂,PLLA的断裂接近脆性断裂.     

丝素蛋白/羟基磷灰石复合材料的制备及性能表征

为了改善羟基磷灰石( HAP) 的脆性和新骨诱导性, 采用共沉淀法合成HAP , 盐溶法制备丝素蛋白(SF) , 在胶体状态下将HAP 和SF 复合得到了SF/ HAP 复合材料。采用扫描电镜(SEM) 、X 射线衍射(XRD) ,傅立叶红外光谱( FIR) 对复合材料结构和化学组成进行了分析, 在模拟体液中检验了复合材料的生物活性, 并对其抗压强度进行了测定。结果表明: HAP 与SF 在纳米尺度进行了复合, 复合材料中SF 主要以β-折叠构象存在,酰胺Ⅴ红外特征峰消失,β-折叠构象的其他峰发生了移动, 表明HAP 与SF 间存在化学结合; 模拟体液中浸泡18 天后, 复合材料表面形成了片层状的HAP ; 与纯的HAP 晶体比较, 复合材料结构稳定, 具有较好生物活性和骨诱导性, 其抗压强度可达63 MPa , 可望成为理想的骨组织替换和工程支架材料。      

镁-羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸复合材料的制备及表征

为改善羟基磷灰石(HA)/聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料降解后产生的局部酸性环境,提出Mg-HA/PLA复合材料的新体系,采用溶液共混法结合注塑工艺获得Mg-HA/PLA复合材料。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪分析复合材料的显微相貌及物相组成,电子拉伸试验机测试复合材料的力学性能,模拟体液浸泡分析其降解特性。结果表明,采用溶液共混结合注塑工艺可以制备该复合材料;HA与Mg在PLA基体中未出现明显的团聚;HA、Mg与PLA三者保持各自物相;与5%(质量分数)HA/PLA复合材料相比,1.5%(质量分数)Mg添加对5%(质量分数)HA/PLA复合材料的力学性能影响不明显;Mg-HA/PLA复合材料浸泡4周后的pH值为7.41,而HA/PLA复合材料则为6.95。     

纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乙烯醇/明胶复合水凝胶的结构与性能研究

用溶液共混法制备了纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乙烯醇/明胶三元复合水凝胶材料.测定了材料的含水率,采用TEM、SEM、EDAX、IR、XRD和燃烧实验对材料的结构进行了表征和分析,并研究了材料的吸水性.结果表明,制备的复合水凝胶组成均一,各组份间存在相互作用,并且具有好的吸水和保水性能.本研究制备的纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乙烯醇/明胶复合水凝胶可望作为一种人工软骨材料.     

双层结构纳米羟基磷灰石/硅橡胶复合材料的制备及性能

纳米羟基磷灰石/硅橡胶与硅橡胶在同时硫化的条件下制备出了双层结构的纳米羟基磷灰石/硅橡胶复合材料,利用XRD、SEM、MTT和力学性能测试等手段对复合材料进行表征.结果表明,两层材料的界面结合紧密,材料的细胞相容性好,力学性能与硅橡胶的力学性能相近,能够达到医用植入硅橡胶材料的要求.     

纳米羟基磷灰石／丝素蛋白生物复合材料的制备和表征

采用硝酸钙-丝素蛋白溶液与磷酸钠原位合成纳米羟基磷灰石(HA),在反应过程中丝蛋白(SF)诱导HA晶体生长,仿生合成HA/SF复合材料,用TEM、IR、TGA、XRD和SEM进行表征。结果表明,HA为CO23-部分替代型,粒径为10 nm~40 nm之间的弱结晶类骨晶体,在形貌和结晶度等方面与人体骨磷灰石相似。HA/SF复合材料中丝蛋白的含量约为25%,HA和SF两相存在强烈化学键合作用。SEM观察结果表明,HA微粒被SF完全包裹,两者之间没有明显相分离。     

超声无皂乳液原位合成Pd-P(MMA-AMPS)复合微球及其表征

将超声波作用于含有2-丙烯酰氨基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的氯化钯水溶液中,在不加任何引发剂、乳化剂和还原剂的条件下,合成带有酰胺基、磺酸基等官能基团的Pd-P(MMA -AMPS)复合微球。考察了单体质量配比对复合微球形貌的影响,用XRD、TGA、FTIR、TEM和粒度分析仪等技术对样品进行表征,并探讨了合成反应机制。结果表明,超声辐射可实现Pd2+的还原与单体聚合的同步进行,并且金属钯与基体P(MMA - AMPS)共聚物之间存在一定的相互作用。优化条件下制得的复合微球,钯质量分数为20%左右,粒径约0.76μm,还原得到的钯粒子均匀分散于聚合物微球内。     

Preparation and characterization of ZnO-graphene composite photocatalyst

ZnO is one of potential semiconductor materials in photocatalytic field, and appears to be a suitable alternative to TiO2, due to its photochemical properties and photodegradation mechanism similar to TiO2. Graphene is a single 2D carbon sheet with large specific surface and excellent electric conductivity. The combination of ZnO and graphene could extremely improve the photocatalytic activity of ZnO. Herein we prepared ZnO-graphene nanocomposite photocatalyst using graphite and ZnO by a facile one-step hydrothermal method. During the hydrothermal reactions, both of the reduction of graphene oxide and loading of ZnO were occurred simultaneously and the desired product was obtained. The as-prepared ZnO-graphene photocatalyst exhibited extraordinaire photocatalytic properties. Results of photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange show that the photocatalysis efficiency of the composite was significant enhanced, compared to pure ZnO. This work could provide new avenue for the fabrication of ZnO-carbon based composites, facilitating their application in pollutions degradation issues.     

Preparation and characterization of an injectable composite

Hydrogels are increasingly used in medicine due to their potential to be delivered into the body in a minimally invasive manner and to be gelated at the site of introduction subsequently. The aim of this study was to develop a novel injectable and in situ-forming gel composite (GC) comprised of calcium alginate hydrogel and nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen (nHAC), assess its rheological, mechanical and in vitro degradable properties, and discuss the gelation mechanism. Injectable property test showed that the injectability of GC was tunable. Rheological results indicated that three phases of pre-gel, sol–gel phase transformation and post-gel could be found in the process of gelation. The compressive elastic modulus (E) and shear modulus (G) are in the range of 17.0–56.0 kPa and 24.7–55.0 kPa, respectively. During the in vitro degradation, the wet weight increased in the first week, then declined in the following 3 weeks, but the dry weight lost continuously during whole study. Meanwhile, the surface changed greatly after 2 weeks, but samples did not break down up to 28 days. These data indicate that GC exhibits controllable initial setting time and final setting time, tunable injectability, which provides a possible injectable material for bone repair and bone tissue engineering.     

高岭石-乙腈插层复合材料的制备与表征

以二甲亚砜一高岭石插层复合物为前驱物,乙腈为插层荆,采用二步插层法制备了高岭石一乙腈复合材料.采用XRD、FTIR等分析技术对产物进行了表征.研究结果表明,插层后高岭石d(001)层间距由0.7094nm膨胀至1.097nm,插层率达67.9%;乙腈分子与高岭石的内表面羟基形成氢键,在高岭石层间可能以平行于高岭石层片方式排列.     

NF系列复合膜的制备及结构性能的研究

采用界面缩聚的方法制备了NF系列复合纳滤膜 ,并对其进行了表征 .在 0 6MPa下 ,NF - 1的水通量为 4 1L/(m2 ·h) ,对Na2 SO4 的截留率为 78% ,NF - 2的水通量为 6 0L/(m2 ·h) ,对Na2 SO4 的截留率为 94 % ,NF - 3的水通量为 2 6 5L/(m2 ·h) ,对Na2 SO4 的截留率为 94 % .通过红外光谱和原子力显微镜观察到NF系列复合纳滤膜的表层化学结构和表面形貌 ,探索了NF系列纳滤膜在染料工业的应用前景     

亲水性聚氨酯复合材料的制备与表征

选用湿态纳米羟基磷灰石（HA）与脂肪族聚氨酯（PU）为原料,采用溶液共混法和溶剂挥发法制备了亲水性羟基磷灰石/聚氨酯（HA/PU）纳米复合材料,并采用SEM、吸水实验和力学实验等方法对该复合材料的形貌和性能进行了研究。结果表明磷灰石晶体以纳米状态均匀地分布在PU基质中,过高含量的纳米HA易使纳米粒子团聚,不利于其在PU基体中的均匀分散;在制备PU的多元醇原料中引入亲水性较强的聚乙二醇,可提高PU表面和整体的亲水性;随着硬段含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度和弹性模量呈上升趋势,断裂伸长率下降;随着软段中聚乙二醇含量的升高,弹性模量大幅下降,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率先升高后下降;纳米HA的添加可同时提高复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率,当纳米HA的质量分数为30%时,复合材料的综合力学性能达到最佳。     

Preparation and characterization of Ni-C composite films

Ni-C composite films were prepared using a codeposition method, their structure and electrical properties were investigated. Depending on experimental conditions, two typical structures are found for as-deposited Ni-C films: i) amorphous Ni-C alloy film; ii) granular film with Ni₃C granules and inter-granule amorphous carbon. The amorphous Ni-C films show ohmic conduction behaviour with very high resistivity. On the other hand, granular films with high carbon content show semiconductive characteristics. The electrical property and conduction behaviour are correlated with the film structure. Besides, the crystallization behaviour of the amorphous Ni-C film was also studied.     

Preparation and characterization of polyaniline/exfoliated graphite composite via a combination method of in situ polymerization and thermal expansion

Polyaniline/exfoliated graphite (PANI/EG) composite was prepared via a combination method of in situ polymerization and thermal expansion and characterized, using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In the in situ polymerization, PANI/graphite intercalation compounds (GIC) composite was synthesized by GIC and aniline. In the thermal expansion, PANI/EG composite was prepared by PANI/GIC composite. The characterization showed that the morphology of PANI/EG composite was analogous to foam and the surface of PANI/EG composite had many micro-apertures. When PANI/GIC composite was synthesized by 0.80 g of GIC and 2.00 g of aniline, PANI/GIC composite would be exfoliated to PANI/EG composite at 200 °C, which had 75.00 mL·g⁻¹ of the expansion volume and 0.01Ω⁻¹ cm⁻¹of the conductivity.     

铜/碳纳米管复合材料的制备与表征

报道了在多壁碳纳米管(MWNTS)表面修饰聚丙烯酸(分子量为 500~1000)作为亲水层,改善纳米管在水溶液中的溶解性,减少碳管自身团聚,顺利实现碳纳米管表面化学镀铜。同时也考察了温度、时间、搅拌速度等因素对镀层的影响,确定中性条件在碳纳米管表面镀铜的最佳条件。