后腹腔镜下双波长激光辅助零缺血肾部分切除术16例报告

目的:探讨双波长激光辅助后腹腔镜不阻断肾动脉(零缺血)肾部分切除术的安全性及效果。方法:回顾性分析2016年12月～2018年3月我院收治的16例外生型肾肿瘤患者的临床资料,男11例,女5例;年龄42～68岁,平均55岁;肿瘤直径1.2～4.0cm,平均(2.6±0.7)cm;左侧6例,右侧10例;R.E.N.A.L.评分4～8分(4～6分12例,7～8分4例)。16例均采用双波长激光辅助行后腹腔镜不阻断肾动脉的肾部分切除术。激光采用Evolve双频激光系统(Biolitec AG,Germany),发射双波长激光(980nm/1 470nm)。结果:16例中2例因出血明显行肾动脉阻断后切除肿瘤,余均顺利完成手术。无中转开放手术或肾根治性切除病例。手术时间50～140min,平均(83.1±24.1)min;术中出血量50～400ml,平均(125.0±93.1)ml;术后排气时间1～3d;术后住院时间3～7d,平均5.3d。无术后严重并发症发生。术后1个月左右复查肾功能,术前血肌酐52～138mmol/L,平均(72.1±22.7)mmol/L;术后1个月血肌酐55～172mmol/L,平均(81.5±28.2)mmol/L,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后病理结果透明细胞癌13例,嫌色细胞癌1例,乳头状肾细胞癌1例,上皮样错构瘤1例。随访3～18个月,随访期间未见肿瘤复发、转移。结论:对于体积较小的外生型肾肿瘤,双波长激光辅助后腹腔镜不阻断肾动脉的肾部分切除术是可行的治疗方案,在肾功能保护方面达到了满意的效果。     

肾肿瘤悬吊法在“零缺血”腹腔镜下肾部分切除术中的应用研究

目的:探讨肾肿瘤悬吊法在"零缺血"腹腔镜下肾部分切除术中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2017年1月～2018年1月海军军医大学附属公利医院和海军军医大学附属东方肝胆外科医院12例患者应用肾肿瘤悬吊法在完全无肾动脉阻断的"零缺血"条件下开展腹腔镜下肾部分切除术,收集患者的一般临床基线资料,在后腹腔镜下采用肾肿瘤悬吊法行"零缺血"肾部分切除术:游离肾周脂肪暴露肾肿瘤,但保留肾肿瘤上方的脂肪。取肿瘤上方的脂肪向上提拉,用Hem-o-lock将肿瘤上方脂肪悬吊到上方筋膜、腹膜反折等组织(具体可根据术中情况评估选择)上,使肿瘤与肾脏之间保持一定的张力。使用腹腔镜剪刀在肿瘤周围0.5 cm左右处分离肿瘤,另外一个操作孔置入腹腔镜下吸引器,将肾脏创面的出血充分吸走,保持视野清晰并帮助调整瘤体方向,保证完整切除肿瘤,对肾脏创面进行连续缝合。收集12例患者的手术时间、肿瘤切除并缝合时间、术中出血量、术后引流管留置天数、术后并发症、术后住院天数等指标,记录术后6个月患肾肾小球滤过率(GFR)、血红蛋白及肌酐等相关实验室指标以及肿瘤学预后指标,进行统计分析。结果:12例患者均成功实施肾肿瘤悬吊法腹腔镜下"零...     

零缺血技术在腹腔镜肾部分切除术中的应用进展

保留肾单位的肾部分切除术已经成为T1期肾癌的标准手术方式。在肾部分切除术中,为控制术中出血以及保持视野清晰,往往需要短暂阻断肾蒂血管,而阻断肾血管可引起肾脏缺血及再灌注损伤。"零缺血"技术基于对供应肾肿瘤肾段动脉的解剖分离并给予特异地阻断,在有效控制术中出血以及保持视野清晰前提下,极大地减少了保留肾单位因热缺血而出现的损伤,同时控制了术中及术后的并发症发生率。作者就肾缺血再灌注损伤、"零缺血"肾部分切除术、术中术后效果及最新进展进行综述。     

腹腔镜下肾部分切除术减少热缺血时间的研究进展

传统的腹腔镜肾部分切除术(LPN)为了减少术中出血、维持手术视野清晰是以夹闭肾蒂血管为标准的手术方式,由此导致的肾暂时缺血和再灌注损伤将不可避免的导致术后肾功能损害.随着外科技术的不断发展和各种新型止血材料的应用,腹腔镜下肾部分切除术正在不断的缩短热缺血时间,并向最终的目标“零缺血”迈进.本文就LPN在减少热缺血时间上应用的新技术予以综述.     

后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术23例报告

目的 探索后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术的应用范围和经验。方法 2001年12月至2005年10月，对23例患者施行后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术，其中肾细胞癌14例、错构瘤5例、重复肾4例，孤立肾1例。结果22例手术顺利完成，1例肾肿瘤因仅阻断肾动脉前支时出血而行腹腔镜肾切除．手术时间60～240min，平均121min。肾动脉阻断时间20～55min，平均32min。术中出血量100～300ml，均未输血。病理报告肾细胞癌14例，切缘均阴性；错构瘤5例。1例重复肾因切除不彻底，术后发现肾上极囊性肿块而再次开放手术行肾部分切除。结论 后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术对选择性的肾脏病变是一种有效和微创的治疗方法，远期效果有待进一步观察。     

后腹腔镜铥激光肾部分切除术治疗局限性肾肿瘤的临床研究

目的 探讨后腹腔镜下铥激光肾部分切除术治疗局限性肾肿瘤的安全性及有效性.方法 回顾性分析2017年12月至2019年10月收治的23例局限性肾肿瘤患者的临床资料.其中男15例、女8例,年龄41～75岁,左肾肿瘤10例、右肾肿瘤13例,肿瘤直径1.1～3.4 cm,R.E.N.A.L.评分4～7分,零缺血指数0.8～7....     

三套管法后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术

目的 探索改良的三套管法后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术的手术方法和疗效.方法 2004年5月至2007年6月采用自制套索或内镜用血管夹控制肾动脉,通过3个套管对38例患者施行了后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术.结果 38例手术均顺利完成,手术时间65～130 min,平均85.4 min,肾缺血时间20～45 min,平均28 min,术中出血量15～100 ml,平均35.3 ml,均未输血.病理报告28例错构瘤切缘均阴性,肾癌10例,其中1例用超声刀切除者术中冰冻切缘阳性,改行腹腔镜根治性肾切除术.术后患者恢复良好,无术后继发出血,引流管术后2～3 d拔除,1例尿外渗经保守治疗3周治愈,5～7 d出院.35例随访3～41个月,平均28个月,B超、CT检查均未见肿瘤复发、肾萎缩,静脉尿路造影双肾显影良好,功能未见异常.结论 三套管法后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术可达到四套管法相同的效果,且创伤更小,更易显露肾脏前面的肿瘤,值得进一步推广应用.     

零热缺血后腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗T1a肾癌的近期临床疗效

目的探讨未阻断肾蒂血管后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗T1a期肾癌的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年12月佛山市第一人民医院行后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术的56例（24例无肾蒂阻断,32例阻断肾蒂血管）T1a期肾癌的临床资料。 结果两组患者在术前平均血肌酐水平（无肾蒂阻断组72 μmol/L;肾蒂阻断组75 μmol/L）、平均手术时间（无肾蒂阻断组64 min;肾蒂阻断组60 min）、术后1个月平均血肌酐水平（无肾蒂阻断组75 μmol/L;肾蒂阻断组82 μmol/L）差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患者在术中平均出血量（无肾蒂阻断组为100 ml;肾蒂阻断组为44 ml）、术中热缺血时间（无肾蒂阻断组为0 min ;肾蒂阻断组为25 min）差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。无肾蒂阻断组术侧放射性核素断层扫描术前平均51 ml/min,术后1个月平均49 ml/min,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。肾蒂阻断组术侧放射性核素断层扫描术前平均52 ml/min,术后1个月平均45 ml/min,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组肾癌患者术后病理报告均为肾透明细胞癌,术后随访3～36个月,平均17个月,肿瘤无复发转移。 结论零热缺血后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗T1a肾癌安全可行,有利于术侧肾单位及功能的保留。     

后腹腔镜肾部分切除术热缺血时间的临床研究

目的探讨后腹腔镜肾部分切除术热缺血时间对术后患肾肾功能的影响。方法将2010年1月至2012年1月开展的后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术43例分为3组:短缺血组11例(热缺血时间≤20min),中缺血组23例(20min热缺血时间≤30min),长缺血组9例(30 min热缺血时间≤40 min)。分别于术前、术后2周、3月、6月、1年、1.5年、2年测定患肾肾小球滤过率(GFR),比较其变化情况,分析后腹腔镜肾部分切除术对肾功能的影响。结果短缺血组:术后2周患肾GFR较术前差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其余时间点患肾GFR较术前差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。中缺血组:术后2周、3月患肾GFR较术前差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其余时间点患肾GFR较术前差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。长缺血组:术后2周、3月、6月及1年患肾GFR较术前差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其余时间点患肾GFR较术前差异无统计学意义。结论后腹腔镜肾部分切除术时,应尽力缩短热缺血时间。     

Prospective study of robotic partial nephrectomy for renal cancer in Japan: Comparison with a historical control undergoing laparoscopic partial nephrectomy

Objectives

To evaluate the outcomes of robotic partial nephrectomy compared with those of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for T1 renal tumors in Japanese centers.

Methods

Patients with a T1 renal tumor who underwent robotic partial nephrectomy were eligible for inclusion in the present study. The primary end‐point consisted of three components: a negative surgical margin, no conversion to open or laparoscopic surgery and a warm ischemia time ≤25 min. We compared data from these patients with the data from a retrospective study of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy carried out in Japan.

Results

A total of 108 patients were registered in the present study; 105 underwent robotic partial nephrectomy. The proportion of patients who met the primary end‐point was 91.3% (95% confidence interval 84.1–95.9%), which was significantly higher than 23.3% in the historical data. Major complications were seen in 19 patients (18.1%). The mean change in the estimated glomerular filtration rate in the operated kidney, 180 days postoperatively, was ?10.8 mL/min/1.73 m² (95% confidence interval ?12.3–9.4%).

Conclusions

Robotic partial nephrectomy for patients with a T1 renal tumor is a safe, feasible and more effective operative method compared with laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. It can be anticipated that robotic partial nephrectomy will become more widely used in Japan in the future.

     

Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: integration of an advanced laparoscopic technique

Background: Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and open partial nephrectomy are now established methods of treatment for appropriate renal lesions suspicious for malignancy, Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy has undergone progressive evolution. The aim of this paper is to; (i) evaluate the current status of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, and (ii) to place it in the Australian and New Zealand context by evaluating the necessary skill acquisition for advanced laparoscopic urology. Methods: The National Library of Medicine database (PubMed) was used to specifically search the available literature on laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, renal failure and nephrectomy, modular surgical training and laparoscopic training. Of the articles identified, selection was based on their contribution to the development of techniques, progressive clinical outcomes, as well as comparisons with current management. Results: The technique and outcomes of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy are now secure enough to treat anatomically complex tumours in laparoscopically experienced hands. For the appropriate patient with a small renal mass, the impact of radical nephrectomy and long‐term renal dysfunction needs to be considered, even in the presence of a normal contra‐lateral kidney. Robotic assisted laparoscopic surgery is expensive and may impair the acquisition of advanced iaparoscopic skills. Conclusion: Over the past 5 years, laparoscopic partial nephrectomy has developed to the stage where, with the necessary laparoscopic skill, it is now a standard of care at tertiary referral institutions. Widespread dissemination of advanced laparoscopic skills remains the next challenge.     

腹腔镜术中超声在中央型肾肿瘤行腹腔镜肾部分切除术的临床应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜超声(LUS)在中央型肾肿瘤行腹腔镜肾部分切除术(LPN)的临床价值。方法:回顾分析在LUS协助下行LPN的10例中央型肾肿瘤患者的临床资料。所有患者术前B超、CT和/或MR等影像学检查诊断为肾肿瘤,肿瘤均位于肾实质内,无明显外凸。男6例,女4例,年龄10~62岁(平均45.4岁),5例位于肾中部,1例位于肾上极,4例位于肾下极,肿瘤直径1.1~3.5cm,平均直径2.6cm。结果:腹腔镜术中超声对肿瘤位置、大小、边界和血供进行实时定位,确定肾肿瘤切除的范围,切除后再次复查超声,保证切缘阴性。术后病理回报:肾细胞癌9例,肾素瘤1例,所有切缘均阴性。结论:术中LUS可提供实时影像,协助手术医师准确定位包埋于肾皮质的中央型肾肿瘤,对肿瘤进行实时评估,减少术中出血,保障切缘阴性,为手术安全提供有效保障。     

Comfortable suture angle with optimized trocar position aids renorrhaphy during retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy

BackgroundThis study investigated a comfortable suture angle (CSA) with optimized trocar position for closing the defect during renorrhaphy in retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN). The feasibility, usefulness, and safety of achieving the CSA with modified trocar position were determined for different tumor types.MethodsTwo optimized trocar positions were introduced for different tumor types. A suture angle was based on the tumor plane of the superficial parenchyma defect and the line formed by the needle holder. Preliminary surgical simulations determined a CSA that combined the least suture time with the greatest ease of performance. Achieving the CSA was attempted during renorrhaphy of 106 enrolled patients undergoing retroperitoneal LPN. Patients’ characteristics, operative features, and follow-up information were collected and analyzed.ResultsFor 89 (83.96%) patients, a CSA was successfully reached and parenchyma recovered. The remaining 17 patients were successfully sutured, but the attempt to achieve a CSA failed. For the CSA group, the suture, clamping, and overall operative times were significantly less than that of the non-CSA patients. The groups were similar regarding estimated blood loss, positive surgical margin, and rates of glomerular filtration reduction and complications. Univariable analyses determined that tumor location, growth pattern, and R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score (RNS) may influence the success of this approach. Multivariable analyses indicated that only tumor location and RNS were independent factors affecting successful achievement of the CSA.ConclusionsThrough different kidney position changes, the CSA could be used to ease the suture process. It is feasible and safe to perform a CSA with optimized trocar position during LPN. Tumor location and RNS may influence the approach to get a CSA.     

Complications of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy

OBJECTIVES: To review the current evidence about laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) and its complications to define the role of this technique and to demonstrate specific operative modifications developed in a high volume laparoscopy centre. METHODS: The most recent literature was reviewed based on a PubMed search to evaluate the current types and rates of surgical complications following laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Own data and experiences were added. Particular alert was dedicated to detailed operative knowledge to avoid typical pitfalls. RESULTS: LPN is still a challenging option for treatment of small renal cell cancer (RCC) and the technique is under development. The intermediate-term functional and oncological results of LPN can compete with the standard options at least in laparoscopy dedicated centres. The learning curve has to be considered because of its great impact on the reduction of the risk of complications. Advantages of LPN are less blood loss, shorter hospital stay and less blood loss. A careful case selection is required in reliance on the surgeons; experience. CONCLUSION: LPN is an additional but still challenging option for selected cases of RCC, which should be managed by the hands of experienced surgeons. Respecting these restrictions LPN has been shown to be equivalent to open partial nephrectomy. Distinctive attention has to be dedicated for improvement and standardization of operative techniques to decrease the learning curve of future users.     

Comparing the outcomes of open,laparoscopic and robot-assisted partial nephrectomy: a network meta-analysis

Objective

To perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) to determine the advantages and disadvantages of open (OPN), laparoscopic (LPN), and robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) with particular attention to intraoperative, immediate postoperative, as well as longer-term functional and oncological outcomes.

Methods

A systematic review was performed as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-NMA guidelines. Binary data were compared using odds ratios (ORs). Mean differences (MDs) were used for continuous variables. ORs and MDs were extracted from the articles to compare the efficacy of the various surgical approaches. Statistical validity is guaranteed when the 95% credible interval does not include 1.

Results

In total, there were 31 studies included in the NMA with a combined 7869 patients. Of these, 33.7% (2651/7869) underwent OPN, 20.8% (1636/7869) LPN, and 45.5% (3582/7689) RAPN. There was no difference for either LPN or RAPN as compared to OPN in ischaemia time, intraoperative complications, positive surgical margins, operative time or trifecta rate. The estimated blood loss (EBL), postoperative complications and length of stay were all significantly reduced in RAPN when compared with OPN. The outcomes of RAPN and LPN were largely similar except the significantly reduced EBL in RAPN.

Conclusion

This systematic review and NMA suggests that RAPN is the preferable operative approach for patients undergoing surgery for lower-staged RCC.     

Comparison of gelatine matrix-thrombin sealants used during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy

OBJECTIVE

To compare haemostasis and other outcomes after the use of bovine‐derived or porcine‐derived gelatine matrix‐thrombin sealants (GMTS) in a continuous series of patients during and for 6 months after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Between October 2006 and September 2007, a consecutive sample of 35 patients with renal tumours underwent LPN by a single surgeon at a referral centre. Group 1 (25 patients) received a bovine‐derived GMTS and Group 2 (10 patients) a porcine‐derived GMTS. All patients underwent LPN and received one of the two GMTS, applied to the resected bed before sutured renorrhaphy over oxidized nitrocellulose bolsters. Surgical and pathology variables, including ischaemia time, blood loss, tumour size, and serum creatinine values before and after LPN, were measured. Glomerular filtration rates were calculated before and after LPN. Haemostasis was ascertained by visual examination.

RESULTS

Intraoperative haemostasis was achieved in all cases. No associated complications occurred within 3 weeks of LPN. The two groups were comparable in age (median, 65 vs 69 years, P = 0.62), gender, tumour number and location, median ischaemia time (34 vs 28 min, P = 0.148), and blood loss (200 vs 150 mL, P = 0.518). One patient in Group 1 developed a urinary fistula. One patient in Group 2 experienced self‐limited gross haematuria.

CONCLUSIONS

Both the porcine‐ and bovine‐derived agents provided acceptable haemostasis without adverse events during LPN and in the early postoperative period. Occurrences of delayed haemorrhage and urinary fistula were not likely to be related to the choice of prothrombotic agent.