VARTM工艺铺层取向对复合材料力学性能的影响

采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑(VARTM)工艺制作了玻璃纤维增强不饱和聚酯复合材料层合板,对其进行了拉伸、弯曲、冲击性能测试,并对铺层取向与玻璃纤维复合材料层合板力学性能的影响关系进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,0°取向玻纤增强复合材料在单一方向上的力学性能最佳,±θ取向比θ取向玻纤增强复合材料有更好的力学性能;θ单向铺层复合材料在外载荷作用下发生破坏,其断口破坏的角度与铺层角度一致,而在±θ多向铺层复合材料的断口形貌更复杂。通过合理的铺层设计可获得满足工程需要的复合材料制品。     

玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料拉-拉疲劳行为研究

本文以乙烯基酯树脂和环氧树脂为基体,制备玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料拉-拉疲劳试件,研究应力振幅、铺层方式、树脂体系对树脂基复合材料疲劳性能的影响。结果表明,随着应力振幅的增加,GFRP试件的拉伸模量呈现单调下降;随着玻璃纤维布层数的增加,GFRP拉-拉疲劳性能会大幅下降;环氧树脂复合材料的疲劳性能要明显优于乙烯基酯树脂复合材料。     

含褶皱缺陷玻璃纤维增强复合材料层合板拉伸渐进失效分析

为研究褶皱缺陷对玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料层合板拉伸性能的影响,采用Abaqus有限元软件,结合USDFLD子程序,建立含褶皱缺陷的玻璃纤维增强复合材料层合板渐进失效分析模型。通过数值仿真分析方法对含褶皱缺陷层合板在拉伸载荷作用下的强度退化和渐进失效过程进行研究,分析褶皱高宽比对层合板拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:拉伸强度预测值以及损伤初始位置与文献中实验结果吻合较好,验证了建立的仿真分析模型;随着褶皱高宽比的增加,拉伸失效载荷和强度显著降低;在拉伸载荷作用下,在褶皱变形区域与富树脂区域相接的铺层位置存在应力集中;层合板损伤由富树脂区域逐渐向褶皱变形区域扩展,最终在褶皱变形区域完全失效;受褶皱影响,层合板在拉伸过程中发生弯曲变形,在线弹性阶段,相同载荷条件下变形随着褶皱高宽比的增加而增加。     

汽车复合材料层合板准静态力学性能的试验测定

以应用于某新能源电动汽车的复合材料层合板为研究对象,利用万能试验机和静态应变测试分析系统等提出了可靠的复合材料层合板准静态拉伸和压缩力学性能试验测定方法,从而为复合材料结构在汽车轻量化中的设计和应用提供了试验依据。该层合板结构采用±45°交叉铺层方法,由2层碳纤维、1层芳纶纤维和2层玻璃纤维层叠构成。试验结果表明,该复合材料层合板在准静态拉伸时呈现沿±45°方向和层间分离挤压的断裂失效模式,这与其内部纤维铺层方向是一致的。同时,由于在复合材料板材中加入了增韧和板材失效时起连接作用的芳纶纤维和玻璃纤维铺层,该复合材料层合板的整体力学性能较常见碳纤维增强复合材料板材,其弹性模量和强度性能均有所降低。     

基于协同优化的CFRP层合板设计

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)层合板是碳纤维复合材料产品设计过程中常用的一种结构形式,其弹性性质很大程度依赖于铺层方式和芯材厚度。基于经典层合板理论,提出了多层次协同优化的方法,利用Matlab数学软件寻优求解和Abaqus有限元软件模拟仿真的方法对层合板进行优化设计,最后通过物理实验对层合板优化结果进行分析验证。结果表明,增加铝蜂窝夹芯厚度可以大幅提升层合板弯曲刚度,有效减少碳纤维层的铺层数,降低制造成本;将0°层尽可能置于远离中面的位置可在不改变层合板质量的同时有效提升层合板弯曲刚度,使材料利用率达到最大化。     

国产碳纤维CCF300增强QY8911双马树脂含孔复合材料拉压疲劳试验研究

碳纤维树脂基复合材料（CFRP）层合板的疲劳性能决定了结构的安全性和可靠性。其寿命预测的研究具有重要的工程意义。依据碳纤维复合材料拉压疲劳试验标准,对含孔国产碳纤维CCF300／QY8911复合材料进行了5个不同应力水平下拉压疲劳试验,分析了疲劳试样断口,表征了中央含孔国产碳纤维CCF300／QY8911复合材料在疲劳载荷作用下的破坏过程,获得含孔复合材料层合板的条件疲劳极限,在此基础上,建立了复合材料的S-N曲线。利用该曲线可对中央含孔复合材料进行疲劳寿命预测。10^6下的条件疲劳极限为平均应力的48％（即150．3MPa）。     

碳纤维/石英纤维混杂树脂基复合材料力学性能研究

研究了石英纤维与T700级碳纤维层间混杂树脂基复合材料的拉伸、压缩和面内剪切性能。研究结果表明,对于单向铺层的材料,相较纯石英纤维树脂基复合材料,混杂工艺能够使石英纤维树脂基复合材料的拉伸模量,从41.5 GPa增大到86.7 GPa,性能提升约109%,拉伸破坏强度保持相对稳定;压缩模量从40.1 GPa增大到77.1 GPa,压缩破坏强度保持相对稳定;对于材料的面内剪切性能没有明显影响。对于试验设计的多向铺层的材料,拉伸模量也提升了约55%,压缩模量提升了约50%,层合板的剪切模量提升60%。研究表明纤维混杂工艺能够明显改善石英纤维复合材料的刚度性能。     

碳纤维复合材料结构电阻特性研究

为研究碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)的电阻特性,制作了3种不同铺层的试件(单向层合板[0]8、[90]8与交叉层合板[45/-45/90/0]),对试件端部进行了粘接铜箔处理以使试件稳定导电,分别测量试件电阻并对数据进行分析。结果表明,对比电阻值和电导率两个方面都得到了相似的结果,即铺层角度对碳纤维层板结构导电性有较大影响;定量比较3种不同铺层角度试件的电导率发现,[45/-45/90/0]铺层试件的平均电导率约为[0]8铺层试件的0.7倍,约为[90]8铺层试件的60倍。     

铺层结构对EP/GF复合材料沉头螺栓连接失效的影响

以环氧树脂(EP)为基体,单层玻璃纤维(GF)布为增强体,利用真空辅助树脂传递模塑工艺制备了具有[0°]_(_(6s)),[45°/–45°]_(_(3s)),[0°/90°]_(_(3s)),[90°]_(_(6s))铺层结构的EP/GF复合材料层合板,通过拉伸失效实验研究了铺层结构对复合材料层合板沉头螺栓连接承载能力的影响,并进一步分析了4种铺层结构的沉头螺栓连接层合板在拉伸时的失效行为。结果表明,[45°/–45°]_(_(3s))与[0°/90°]_(_(3s))铺层结构的层合板均发生了承载失效,具有较高的螺栓连接承载能力,其中[0°/90°]_(3s)铺层结构的层合板最大拉伸载荷最高,为6.7 k N,[45°/–45°]_(3s)铺层结构的层合板具有最大的失效位移,为14.17 mm;[0°]_(6s)铺层结构的层合板发生了剪切开裂失效,其螺栓连接承载能力低于上述两种铺层结构;[90°]_(6s)铺层结构的层合板发生了净张力失效,其螺栓连接承载能力最低。     

基于材料物性参数时变特性的复合材料层合板固化残余应变应力数值模拟

热固性树脂基复合材料层合板成型过程形成的残余应力是影响材料质量的重要因素。针对复合材料固化过程建立了基于复合材料物性参数时变特性的复合材料固化过程的三维多场耦合计算模型。该模型包含经典的热-化学模型、树脂固化动力学模型、残余应力模型;在此基础上将材料物性参数时变特性引入多场耦合计算模型中,模型计算结果通过与文献中实验结果比较,验证所建立的固化模型的可靠性;在此基础上,对AS4/3501-6复合材料层合板的固化残余应变应力进行数值模拟,研究了固化过程中残余应变/应力的变化规律,分析工艺参数对应力应变的影响。通过与光纤光栅应变试验比较,验证其正确性。研究结果表明:模型可以很好地仿真复合材料固化过程;温度、树脂体积分数、铺层角度对层合板应力/应变都有较为显著的影响,为正相关关系,其中树脂的体积分数影响最为显著。     

复合材料面内剪切性能测试方法的研究

对常用的剪切实验方法进行了简单介绍,并采用典型的±45°偏轴拉伸法和V形开口轨道剪切法对双轴向玻璃纤维布制成的层合板的常温和低温剪切性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,V形开口轨道剪切法测得的剪切强度和模量高于±45°偏轴拉伸法,玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料在低温状态下的剪切性能与常温相比有所提高。     

Glass-Reinforced Composites Based on a Novel Oligoimide-Epoxy Resin System

A novel matrix resin system, oligoimide-epoxy resin, has been developed to prepare glass fiber reinforced composites. Benzidine bismaleimide-diaminodiphenyl methane (BBM-DDM) and ethyl-ene bismaieimide-diaminodiphenyl methane (EBM-DDM) oligo-mers having more —NH₂ groups were prepared through the Michael addition reaction. These oligoimides were used for curing of commercial epoxy resin (i.e., diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A) at 120°–140°C to fabricate crosslinked oligoimide-epoxy resin glass fiber reinforced composites without the evolution of byproduct. The fabricated composites (i.e., laminates) were characterized by their chemical resistance and mechanical properties.     

Structural degradation and mechanical fracture of hybrid fabric reinforced composites

This investigation involves the study of accelerated environmental aging in two polymer composite laminates reinforced by hybrid fabrics based on carbon, Kevlar and glass fibers. Composite laminate configurations are defined as a laminate reinforced with E‐glass fiber and Kevlar 49 fiber hybrid fabric (GK) and another laminate reinforced with E‐glass fiber and AS4 carbon fiber hybrid fabric (GC). Both laminates were impregnated with epoxy vinyl ester thermosetting resin (Derakane 470‐300) consisting of four layers. Morphological studies (photo‐oxidation process and structural degradation) of environmental aging were conducted, in addition to comparative studies of the mechanical properties and fracture characteristics under the action of uniaxial tensile and three‐point bending tests in specimens in the original and aged conditions. With respect to uniaxial tensile tests for both laminates, good mechanical performance and little final damage (small loss of properties) was caused by the aging effect. However, for the three‐point bending tests, for both laminates, the influence of aging was slightly higher for all parameters studied. The low structural deterioration in the laminates is attributed to the high performance with the heat of the matrix (Derakane 470‐300) and the characteristics of the hybrid fabric, exhibiting fiber/matrix interface quality. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:657–668, 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers     

单向玻璃纤维-铝合金层板的几种力学性能研究

本文用实验方法研究了单向玻璃纤维-铝合金层板的拉伸性能、疲劳性能和冲击性能。利用金属体积分数理论验证了这类层板的拉伸性能。通过对其疲劳性能的实验研究，发现裂纹扩展速率的大小及刚度的下降与加载的最大循环应力密切相关的规律。实验发现该层板具有比铝合金好得多的冲击性能。     

Hot water resistance of glass‐fiber and glass‐bead reinforced thermoplastics

The hot water resistance of three kinds of short glass fiber or glass bead‐reinforced plastics [polyphenyleneether (PPE), polyphenylenesulfide (PPS), and polyoxymethylene (POM)] was studied by hot water immersion testing, tensile testing and water‐hammer fatigue testing. It was found that the degradation of the strength was observed only for the reinforced plastics under hot water immersion and that the change of the tensile strength was most drastic in glass fiber‐reinforced PPS (GFPPS). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations of the tensile fracture surface revealed that the change in tensile strength was attributable to the deterioration of the interface between the glass fiber and the matrix resin. The results of acoustic emission analysis also supported the conclusion that the change in strength was due to the deterioration of the interface. Although the change in the tensile strength of glass fiber‐reinforced PPE (GFPPE) was small compared with that of GFPPS, debonding between the glass fiber and the matrix resin and surface cracks was observed on the surface of the GFPPE specimens.     

Influence of the fiber surface properties on the mechanical strength of unidirectional fiber composites

The influence of the thermodynamic adhesion between fibers and matrix on the mechanical properties of a continuous fiber reinforced composite is studied for two systems: carbon fiber reinforced poly(ether ether ketone) and glass fiber reinforced poly(ether imide). The fibers are modified chemically and characterized by measuring the contact angle formed by molten resin on the fibers. Various fiber treatments yield a wide range of contact angles, which are determined optically. Unidirectional fiber reinforced laminates are manufactured and transverse flexural strength is measured with the values reported as a function of the specific work of adhesion. It is shown that adhesion at the fiber-resin interface correlates with both the composite strength and the void morphology within the laminate after consolidation.     

Fatigue crack growth in fiber reinforced plastics

Crack extension during fatigue loading is one of the primary causes of failure in engineering materials. While the fatigue crack resistance of homogeneous and even adhesive systems has received detailed study and characterization, relatively few and scattered results are available for fiber composites. One difficulty with obtaining such data for composites is their tendency to develop complex patterns of intra- and interlaminar damage which expand in a stable manner during fatigue. Such damage usually does not severely reduce the load carrying capacity of a structure but the complexity of the damage geometry has so far frustrated efforts to apply any unifying theories of growth. Measurement of the rate of macroscopic crack growth, through thickness crack extension, has been possible for certain composites and crack direction where the stable damage is constrained. These include cracks in 0°/90° laminates, woven fabric laminates, chopped strand mat laminates, sheet molding (SMC) materials, and short fiber reinforced thermoplastics. Macroscopic interlaminar cracks in continuous fiber systems have also received some recent attention. Fatigue crack growth in glass fiber composites for which most data are available, involves significant contributions from both static and cyclic load effects. A simple model for predicting fatigue crack growth rates from traditional S-N curve and fracture toughness data has proven useful for certain well behaved systems. Limited study has also been made of the effects of moisture and salt water on the fatigue crack growth rate.     

Improvement of Hardness and Wear Resistance of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites by the Incorporation of Silica/Carbon Hybrid Nanofillers

The tribological performance of hybrid composite (epoxy reinforced with woven, nonwoven tissue glass fibers, silica and carbon black nanoparticles) was investigated. Two methods were used to ensure good dispersion of nanoparticles in epoxy resin which were ultrasonic processor and magnetic stirrer. The effect of silica and/or carbon black nanoparticle content on microindentation hardness and wear properties of the neat glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites was investigated. The results from the wear test indicated that, under all applied loads, incorporation of silica and carbon black nanoparticles either single or combined significantly improved the wear resistance of neat glass fiber reinforced epoxy. A significant increase in hardness of the hybrid nanocomposite laminates was achieved. Analysis of variance was developed to study the optimal wear testing parameters on composite samples. The most significant parameter is the time, followed by nanoparticle (silica and carbon black) content.     

Structure–properties relations in titanium‐based thermoplastic fiber–metal laminates

This paper investigates the interfacial, tensile, and fatigue properties of a titanium alloy fiber–metal laminate (Ti‐FML) based on woven glass‐fiber‐reinforced polyetherimide (GF/PEI). Initial tests, using the single cantilever beam (SCB) geometry have shown that it is not necessary to surface treat the titanium alloy in order to achieve a high value of metal–composite interfacial fracture toughness. Tensile tests have shown that the mechanical properties of the FML lie between those offered by its constituent materials. Tension–tension fatigue tests have shown that the fatigue lives of these laminates are superior to those offered by the plain titanium alloy. The mechanical properties of this glass fiber/PEI FML have also been compared with those offered by an FML based on a unidirectional carbon‐fiber‐reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK) composite. Here, it has been shown that although the fatigue properties of this woven GF/PEI composite are inferior to those of the CF/PEEK FML, they do offer a higher temperature capability due to the higher glass transition temperature of the PEI matrix. Polym. Compos. 27:264–270, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

吸水对连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能影响的研究

采用连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯(PP)预浸布制备复合材料层压板,通过人工加速老化的方法,对不同铺层的连续玻璃纤维增强PP复合材料进行常温、60℃、80℃的海水浸泡实验,研究连续玻璃纤维增强PP复合材料的弯曲强度随老化时间、老化温度等因素的变化规律及性能退化趋势。研究表明,老化初期吸水趋势符合菲克扩散,老化程度与时间和温度成正比关系。对试样断裂部分拍摄扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图像,观察不同环境条件下样品老化情况,老化温度越高、时间越长,增强纤维与树脂基体界面腐蚀越严重。