The performance of ELISA and dot-blot methods for the detection of crab flesh in heated and sterilized surimi-based products

Polyclonal anti-lobster arginine kinase antiserum was used as a probe to test for the presence of crab flesh (invertebrate tissues) in surimi-based products. Arginine kinase is a cytoplasmic enzyme present in many invertebrates and is absent from vertebrates. Antibodies against lobster arginine kinase interacted strongly with snow crab but they gave only a low response in molluscs such as limpet, squid and scallop. Surimi (washed fish mince) exhibited a slight residual immunobinding response. Arginine kinase could easily be detected in crab-supplemented surimi preparations with a correlation between the level of crab added to surimi and the level of immunological response. Using direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an immunodot procedure, the results showed that an addition of 10–25 g of crab flesh per kg surimi-based products could be detected even after a high sterilization process.     

Analysis of soyabean proteins in meat products: a review

The use of soyabean proteins as meat extenders has spread significantly due to the interesting nutritional and functional properties that are present in soyabean proteins. Together with these, health and economical reasons are the major causes for the addition of soyabean proteins to meat products. Nevertheless, despite the good properties associated to soyabean proteins, there are many countries in which the addition of these proteins is forbidden or in which the addition of soyabean proteins is allowed up to a certain extent. Thus, the need of analytical methods enabling the detection of added soyabean proteins in meat products is obvious. Microscopic, electrophoretic, immunologic, and chromatographic methods are the most widely used for this purpose. However, the detection of soyabean proteins in meat products presents difficulties related to the composition (meat species, meat quality, soyabean protein source, presence of other non-meat proteins, etc.) and the processing of the meat products, and, although these analytical methods have tried to overcome all these difficulties, there is still not a method enabling quantitative assessment of soyabean proteins in all kinds of meat products.     

Easy determination of the addition of soybean proteins to heat-processed meat products prepared with turkey meat or pork-turkey meat blends that could also contain milk proteins

The addition of non-meat proteins to processed meat products is limited by regulations. Therefore, this work has investigated the determination of added soybean proteins in commercial heat-processed meat products prepared with turkey meat or pork-turkey meat blends that could also contain milk proteins. The method consisted of extracting proteins from the meat products in a Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8) and analysing the extract by high-performance liquid chromatography with a linear gradient water-acetonitrile containing 0.05% (v/v) TFA. This method enabled the detection and quantitation of up to 0.08 and 0.28% (w/w), respectively, of soybean proteins (related to 6 g initial product) in these products. Satisfactory precision and recovery data were established. Accuracy was evaluated by a comparison of soybean protein contents determined by the proposed method and the existing AOAC official method based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from which no statistically significant differences were observed.     

Production of a horse-specific monoclonal antibody and detection of horse meat in raw meat mixtures by an indirect ELISA

A stable hybridoma cell line (DD3) has been produced secreting a monoclonal antibody specific for horse muscle proteins. The DD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) did not show significant cross-reactivity when tested against beef, chicken, pig and soya proteins or bovine caseins, gelatine and bovine serum albumin. The DD3 mAb was used in an indirect ELISA format for the detection of defined amounts of horse meat (10–500 g kg-¹) in beef meat mixtures. Immunorecognition of monoclonal antibodies adsorbed to horse meat adsorbed onto the ELISA plate was made with rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulins conjugated to the enzyme horseradish peroxidase. Subsequent enzymic conversion of the substrate gave clear optical density differences when assaying mixtures of minced beef containing different amounts of horse meat.     

An improved,rapid, ELISA technique for detection of pork in meat products

The demand for analysts to determine the purity, quality and safety of food products is increasing. Adulteration of meat products with meat form other species is a particular problem. Determination of species of origin is possible using immunological assays. This paper reports a novel approach to the problem and discusses improvements and modifications of such immunologically based assays. These increase the sensitivity to 10 my g ^?1 of the adulterant species (pork) and permit automation and standardisation of the assay, increasing the reliability and rapidity compared with other methods.     

肉及肉制品碘含量检测新方法的验证

对即将实施的碘含量检测新方法进行验证分析,通过选取具有代表性的样本进行实验,研究了新方法对肉及肉制品检测结果准确性和精密度的影响.结果表明,与现有检测方法相比,新检测方法的准确性更好、精密度更高,更加适用于肉及肉制品中碘含量的测定.     

New strategies for the development of innovative fermented meat products: a review regarding the incorporation of probiotics and dietary fibers

Over the last decades, consumer´s preference for and their attention to food products presented as healthy and with favorable nutritional information has been significantly increased. In this line, both the addition of dietary fiber and the incorporation of probiotic strains in the elaboration of fermented meat products has been established as a useful tool for the development of healthy products. Thus, the aim of this review is to present an overview of the studies involving fermented meat products with added dietary fiber and probiotic microorganisms, and also, to discuss about some of the challenges regarding the reformulation of this innovative product category.     

食品添加剂在改善肉制品色泽中的应用

概述了食品添加刺在改善肉制品色泽应用的原理与方法.     

植物蛋白基肉制品的营养安全性分析

随着全球人口不断增长、环境压力、动物福利及可持续性发展等问题的出现,传统养殖业及肉制品产业正面临着日益严峻的挑战.人口不断增长,消费者对蛋白质需求不断增加,植物蛋白基肉制品作为一种肉类替代品可以满足消费者需求并解决粮食紧缺问题.肉类替代品也因其资源天然性、绿色制造、可持续发展等方面的优势而受到广泛关注.食品安全问题是社...     

An assessment of commercially available reagents for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of soya protein in meat products

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedure based on a limited supply of specially prepared experimental immunoreagents and designed to measure levels of soya protein in raw or processed mixed meat products has already been published. This report describes a modified method with commercially available immunoreagents suitable for routine use; its response to a range of commercial soya ingredients has been checked using a particular soya protein isolate (Unisol, Unimills BV) as arbitrary standard. Individual soya components and possible cross-reacting food materials have also been investigated. Both the original and modified methods have been applied to a set of model beefburgers containing known levels of Unisol. There was good agreement between observed and calculated levels in raw and heat-set beefburgers; sterilised samples gave a decreased but linear response. The procedure is recommended for the examination of meat products in non-specialised laboratories.     

Reduction of ochratoxin A in dry-cured meat products using gamma-irradiation

This study investigated the efficiency of gamma (γ)-irradiation in the reduction of ochratoxin A (OTA) present in dry-cured meat products prepared from intentionally contaminated raw materials from OTA-treated pigs. OTA concentrations determined in the samples (n = 24) ranged from 25.8 μg kg^–1 in bacon to 17.8 μg kg^–1 in smoked ham. After γ-irradiation at doses of 3, 7 and 10 kGy (i.e. the doses used in the food industry), a dose-depended OTA reduction was observed; however, it was not statistically significant. The mean OTA reduction achieved with 3-, 7- and 10-kGy γ-doses was approximated to 8.5%, 13.9% and 22.5%, respectively. The storage of irradiated samples (1 month, 4°C) did not significantly affect OTA levels. Based on the correlation between the OTA reduction level and basic chemical composition of dry-cured meat samples, OTA reduction may be linked to the samples’ fat content. The results indicate that γ-irradiation can reduce OTA levels in dry-cured meat products, but only to a limited extent due to the complexity of the matrix.     

肉制品中苯甲酸、山梨酸测定方法的研究

采用高效液相色谱法可以同时完成苯甲酸、山梨酸的测定。色谱条件:流动相为甲醇∶乙酸铵=7∶93,流速1.0mL/min,于230nm波长处同时测定肉制品中苯甲酸、山梨酸。因肉制品成分复杂,在苯甲酸出峰处干扰峰多,非常容易引起误判,所以采用改变流动相pH值的方法来建立苯甲酸、山梨酸的确认方法。该法的回收率大于90%,采用气-质联机确认,二者结果一致。本方法也同样适用于其它复杂食品的测定。     

出口肉及制品中盐酸克伦特罗的ELISA检测方法的建立

介绍了酶联免疫吸附法测定出口肉及制品中的盐酸克伦特罗的方法。利用盐酸克伦特罗试剂盒对出口肉及制品中残留的盐酸克伦特罗用酶标仪进行测定分析,结果显示,盐酸克伦特罗的交叉反应为100%,猪肉罐头和牛肉中的检测限(LOD)为0.026(μg/kg)和0.028(μg/kg),样品的平均回收率在83.6%～91.3%之间,相对标准偏差为3.5%～5.6%,经HPLC确证假阳性率≤2.0%。表明酶联免疫分析定量法可快速、准确实现对食品中盐酸克伦特罗残留量的快速筛选。     

Metabolomic approach for the detection of mechanically recovered meat in food products

Mechanically recovered meat (MRM) is generated by mechanical treatment of remnants following hand deboning. EU regulations exclude MRM from the definition of meat; as a consequence there is a need for robust analytical procedures to differentiate MRM from hand-deboned meat (HDM) and desinewed meat. Present study represents the development of an analytical platform for the detection of adulteration of meat products with MRM. Small molecular weight compounds were extracted from meat samples and analysed using GC–MS. Obtained metabolite profiles were modelled with OPLS-DA for the accurate classification of MRM, HDM and desinewed pork and chicken samples. Separation of three classes of products for fresh chicken and pork meat samples was achieved. In addition, the procedure also enabled proper prediction of samples not included in the model as well as pork commercial meat products. Compounds that could be potential markers for MRM detection in commercial products were also selected.     

Immunological detection of keratan sulfate in meat products with and without mechanically separated chicken meat

Keratan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan found in the structure of cartilage proteoglycans, aggrecan and fibromodulin. This study was undertaken to detect this glycosaminoglycan in meat products containing mechanically separated chicken meat (MSCM) having cartilage particles. Dry-defatted samples of MSCM and meat products with or without MSCM were digested with papain, and a non-dialyzable fraction from each papain digest was examined by immunodiffusion analysis using anti-keratan sulfate monoclonal antibody (IgM). No precipitine line was formed with the antibody for all samples of meat products without MSCM, while a sample of MSCM and all samples of meat products with MSCM gave clear precipitine lines with the antibody. The immunodiffusion test described here appears to be a simple sensitive specific method for qualitative analysis of keratan sulfate, which in combination with other methods may be useful for detection of MSCM in meat products.     

肉制品中亚硝酸盐残留的控制

简述了亚硝酸盐在肉制品加工中的作用,以及过量使用亚硝酸盐的危害,通过亚硝酸盐作用机理的简述,以及亚硝酸盐作用效应的分析,探讨了亚硝酸盐在肉制品中残留情况的控制方法。     

发酵肉制品中生物胺的影响因素及控制技术

生物胺是一种低分子量的有机物,主要通过氨基酸的脱羧作用生成.介绍了发酵肉制品中产生生物胺的条件、影响生物胺产生的因素以及提出了发酵肉制品中生物胺含量积累的控制措施,旨在为今后进一步研究发酵肉制品中的生物胺提供一定的理论基础.     

发酵肉制品生产加工中HACCP的应用研究

HACCP体系是一种预防性食品质量控制体系,在现代食品工业(尤其是肉制品工业)中应用不断增多。对发酵肉制品(金华火腿)生产过程中可能产生的影响产品质量的危害(HA)因素进行分析,探讨HACCP系统可行性和有效性,根据其原则和程序,找出生产过程控制的关键点(CCP),并确定各CCP的控制标准、监控程序、纠偏措施、验证程序和记录保持程序,将生产过程中的危害因素降到最低限度,提高产品质量及安全性,为发酵肉制品企业推行HACCP管理建立一套模型。     

A survey of the use of soy in processed Turkish meat products and detection of genetic modification

To screen for possible illegal use of soybeans in meat products, the performance characteristics of a commercial polymer chain reaction (PCR) kit for detection of soybean DNA in raw and cooked meat products were established. Minced chicken and beef products containing soybean at levels from 0.1% to 10.0% were analysed by real-time PCR to amplify the soybean lectin gene. The PCR method could reliably detect the addition of soybean at a level of 0.1%. A survey of 38 Turkish processed meat products found only six samples to be negative for the presence of soybean. In 32 (84%) positive samples, 13 (34%) contained levels of soy above 0.1%. Of soybean positive samples, further DNA analysis was conducted by real-time PCR to detect whether genetically modified (GM) soybean had been used. Of 32 meat samples containing soybean, two samples were positive for GM modification.