Multi-view based face chin contour extraction

Chin contour is an important facial feature to build a 3D morphable model, the core step of which is to establish feature points correspondence between each face in the training set and the reference face. In this paper, robust face detection is implemented firstly using probabilistic method. A probability of detection is obtained for each image of different position and at several scales and poses. Then, the chin contours are extracted accurately using the active shape model (ASM), which depends on the parameters obtained from the face detection. From frontal (0°) to profile (90°) faces that are equally divided into 10 parts, we train 10 flexible models. Then, different flexible models are used to extract the face chin contour according to the corresponding face pose. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can extract the chin contours of different people across different poses with good accuracy.     

Human facial feature extraction for face interpretation and recognition

Facial features' extraction algorithms which can be used for automated visual interpretation and recognition of human faces are presented. Here, we can capture the contours of the eye and mouth by a deformable template model because of their analytically describable shapes. However, the shapes of the eyebrow, nostril and face are difficult to model using a deformable template. We extract them by using an active contour model (snake). In the experiments, 12 models are photographed, and the feature contours are extracted for each portrait.     

基于活动轮廓模型的人脸特征提取方法的研究

人脸面部特征提取是自动视觉翻译和人脸识别中的最关键的技术之一。本文对活动轮廓模型理论的基本原理、方法和技术等作了有益的探索和尝试,并在此基础上,提出了提取人脸面部特征的系列算法,特征是精确的轮廓描述而非简单的数字表达,实验中,我们用动态模板方法提取眼睛轮廓,用活动轮廓方法提取眉毛形状,结果证明,该方法具有较强的鲁棒性和自适应性。     

Automatic extraction of face contours in images and videos

The paper proposed an automatic and accurate extraction of the human face contour algorithm. Because a human face contour includes very important facial features to identifying or verifying a person, the accuracy of face contour extraction influences performance of face recognition. The automatic extraction human face contour algorithm includes a novel flowchart for improving accuracy of face contours extraction. To obtain the edge map of a face contour, the divided-and-conquer technique and Canny edge detector were used to avoid the features in the central part of face. The genetic algorithm is implemented to automatically find the parameters of Canny edge detector. Finally, the Poisson gradient vector flow (PGVF) active contour model used the edge map to extract face contours. Three datasets with temporal sequence images were tested for evaluation of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results demonstrated that the algorithm obtained accurate face contours.     

Forward/Backward contour tracing with feedback

This correspondence describes a contour extraction algorithm which can gradually improve its results until the extracted contours are closed. This is achieved by an architecture with a feedback path for local smoothing. The feedback path is activated only when one or more contours obtained are not closed in order to initiate smoothing in noisy areas of the image to remove local irregularities that cause the problems. A forward/backward boundary tracing mechanism is employed to facilitate locating any troubled areas. A smoothing method appropriate for reducing local irregularities is discussed. The proposed algorithm is very suitable for those applications that demand closed contours, such as character recognition and blob detection.     

结合边缘和区域的活动轮廓模型SAR图像目标轮廓提取

目的 目标轮廓表征了目标形状,可用于目标方位角估计、自动目标识别等,因此提取合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像中的目标轮廓受到了人们的广泛关注。受SAR图像乘性噪声的影响,传统的目标轮廓提取方法应用在SAR图像时失效。针对这一问题,提出一种将基于边缘的活动轮廓模型和基于区域的活动轮廓模型相结合的活动轮廓模型。方法 以真实SAR图像为基础,分析了向量场卷积（VFC）活动轮廓模型以及区域竞争（RC）活动轮廓模型各自的特点和优势,发现这两个模型存在一定的互补性,因此将这两个模型进行了结合,得到了一种新的SAR图像目标轮廓提取方法。结果 基于真实SAR图像的实验结果表明,本文方法能较好地应对SAR图像信噪比较低、目标边缘模糊等特点,能准确地获得SAR图像目标轮廓。结论 本文方法可用于执行实际的SAR图像轮廓提取任务,为后续的SAR图像自动识别和特征级图像融合等任务提供了较为优良的输入信息。     

新颖的物体轮廓提取：基于双边滤波的多级边缘检测*

提出了一种新颖的物体轮廓提取方法,即通过多级边缘检测来提取物体的主要边界。双边滤波器用来建立多级,同时Canny边缘算子相应地产生边缘图,组合边缘图构造出一幅多级图。次段被定义为边缘像素的连接结构,提取并连接这些次段可以构成闭合轮廓。最终图像中最相关的闭合轮廓被判定为真实的物体轮廓。实验结果表明,该物体轮廓提取方法具有较高的可靠性并且受噪声影响较小。     

Virtual reality of recognition technologies of the improved contour coding image based on level set and neural network models

Image contour-based feature extraction method has been applied to some fields of image recognition and virtual reality. However, image contour features are easily susceptible to factors like noise, rotation and thresholds during extraction and processing. To solve the above problem, this paper proposes a contour coding image recognition algorithm based on level set and BP neural network models. Firstly, level set model is employed to extract the contours of images. Secondly, image coding method proposed herein is used to code images horizontally, vertically and obliquely. At last, BP neural network model is trained to recognize the image codes. Validity of the proposed algorithm is verified by using a set of actual engineering part images as well as MPEG and PLANE databases. The results show that the proposed method achieves high recognition rate and requires small samples, which also exhibits good robustness to external disturbances such as noise and image scaling and rotation.

     

Facial expression recognition – A real time approach

Face localization, feature extraction, and modeling are the major issues in automatic facial expression recognition. In this paper, a method for facial expression recognition is proposed. A face is located by extracting the head contour points using the motion information. A rectangular bounding box is fitted for the face region using those extracted contour points. Among the facial features, eyes are the most prominent features used for determining the size of a face. Hence eyes are located and the visual features of a face are extracted based on the locations of eyes. The visual features are modeled using support vector machine (SVM) for facial expression recognition. The SVM finds an optimal hyperplane to distinguish different facial expressions with an accuracy of 98.5%.     

基于先验知识的肝脏轮廓线提取算法研究

准确有效地提取肝脏CT序列的轮廓线是腹部软组织三维模型重建与可视化的关键问题之一。针对肝脏轮廓线提取准确性不高的问题, 提出了一种基于先验知识的肝脏轮廓线提取算法。首先利用拉普拉斯算法进行CT图像增强, 再利用基于边缘先验知识的套索模型对感兴趣区域进行半自动的初始化, 最后通过改进的Snake算法准确地提取肝脏CT图像的边缘。针对序列CT肝脏的边缘提取, 提出根据CT图像序列之间的相关性, 将上一幅图像的轮廓线提取结果作为下一幅CT图像边缘提取的初始化点, 接着批处理地提取CT序列的肝脏边缘。实验结果表明：该算法大大减少了手动初始化结果对目标边缘轮廓准确提取的依赖性, 并有效地解决了肝脏轮廓线的提取问题。     

Classification of silhouettes using contour fragments

In this paper, we propose a fragment-based approach for classification and recognition of shape contours. According to this method, first the perceptual landmarks along the contours are localized in a scale invariant manner, which makes it possible to extracts the contour fragments. Using a predefined dictionary for the fragments, these landmarks and the parts between them are transformed into a symbolic representation that is a compact representation. Using a string kernel-like approach, an invariant high-dimensional feature space is created from the symbolic representation and later the most relevant lower dimensions are extracted by principal component analysis. Finally, support vector machine is used for classification of the feature space. The experimental results show that the proposed method has similar performance to the best approaches for shape recognitions while it has lower complexity.     

基于轮廓层次和小波分析的工业字符识别

为了提高工业字符识别的准确率,增强字符识别算法对含噪声字符或发生形变字符的适应性,提出了一种改进的轮廓层次特征提取方法.对经过预处理归一化的字符,先提取轮廓层次特征,再对特征信号进行小波分解,从分解结果的低频部分中提取特征信息,最后将特征输入SVM(Support Vector Machines,支持向量机)训练和分类.实验结果表明,该特征提取方法降低了后续要处理的数据量,具有良好的抗干扰能力,实用价值较高.     

Passive Three Dimensional Face Recognition Using Iso-Geodesic Contours and Procrustes Analysis

We introduce a new model for personal recognition based on the 3-D geometry of the face. The model is designed for application scenarios where the acquisition conditions constrain the facial position. The 3-D structure of a facial surface is compactly represented by sets of contours (facial contours) extracted around automatically pinpointed nose tip and inner eye corners. The metric used to decide whether a point on the face belongs to a facial contour is its geodesic distance from a given landmark. Iso-geodesic contours are inherently robust to head pose variations, including in-depth rotations of the face. Since these contours are extracted from rigid parts of the face, the resulting recognition algorithms are insensitive to changes in facial expressions. The facial contours are encoded using innovative pose invariant features, including Procrustean distances defined on pose-invariant curves. The extracted features are combined in a hierarchical manner to create three parallel face recognizers. Inspired by the effectiveness of region ensembles approaches, the three recognizers constructed around the nose tip and inner corners of the eyes are fused both at the feature-level and the match score-level to create a unified face recognition algorithm with boosted performance. The performances of the proposed algorithms are evaluated and compared with other algorithms from the literature on a large public database appropriate for the assumed constrained application scenario.     

类肤色背景中提取人脸轮廓的方法研究

提出了一个基于肤色并融合多种信息的人脸轮廓提取方法。首先在TSL色彩空间求取肤色概率图,选取种子点,然后利用多源信息进行区域生长,提取出人脸轮廓;为克服区域生长计算量大的缺点,采用了变分辨率图像金字塔策略。经实例验证,该算法能够快速准确地从类肤色背景中较好地提取出人脸轮廓,且具有较高的抗噪性和应用适应性。     

基于肤色模型和梯度算子的正面人脸轮廓提取

文章提出了一种新的正面人脸封闭轮廓提取方法,首先采用肤色模型对肤色区域进行初定位,然后经过筛选去除非人脸区域,最后提取人脸初步轮廓,并结合梯度算子提取下巴轮廓,进而得到一个连续、封闭的人脸轮廓.该算法基本克服了下巴轮廓难以从颈部提取的问题,满足了人脸轮廓特征提取的要求,同时具有较高的时效性.     

基于特征点表情变化的3维人脸识别

目的 为克服表情变化对3维人脸识别的影响,提出一种基于特征点提取局部区域特征的3维人脸识别方法。方法 首先,在深度图上应用2维图像的ASM(active shape model)算法粗略定位出人脸特征点,再根据Shape index特征在人脸点云上精确定位出特征点。其次,提取以鼻中为中心的一系列等测地轮廓线来表征人脸形状;然后,提取具有姿态不变性的Procrustean向量特征(距离和角度)作为识别特征;最后,对各条等测地轮廓线特征的分类结果进行了比较,并对分类结果进行决策级融合。结果 在FRGC V2.0人脸数据库分别进行特征点定位实验和识别实验,平均定位误差小于2.36 mm,Rank-1识别率为98.35%。结论 基于特征点的3维人脸识别方法,通过特征点在人脸近似刚性区域提取特征,有效避免了受表情影响较大的嘴部区域。实验证明该方法具有较高的识别精度,同时对姿态、表情变化具有一定的鲁棒性。     

基于轮廓的形状射线描述模型

提出一种新的基于轮廓的形状描述和匹配方法。提取物体的轮廓并在轮廓上进行等间隔采样,利用参考点到采样点的距离、采样点处的轮廓方向及采样点间的空间关系来直观地表达目标的形状特征;通过在不同尺度、方向和位置进行最大表决来获得形状匹配的尺度、旋转和平移不变性;提出了结合局部和整体特征的相似度评分机制来实现目标的匹配和检测。实验表明,形状的射线描述模型不仅能对具有清晰轮廓的目标进行有效的检索和匹配,也可在复杂的图像背景中检测目标。     

基于改进蛇模型的步态轮廓提取

提出了一种基于Snake模型的改进算法，不仅能够精确地搜索到图像轮廓，且程序运行速度较快。该算法在CMU数据库上进行了实验，结果表明提取出的步态轮廓完整且封闭，能有效地提高识别率。     

人脸特征的定位与提取

人脸的特征定位与特征提取的好坏对于人脸图象识别效果有直接的影响．本文根据人脸图象的灰度特性以及特征的几何形状提出了一种简便有效的特征定位和特征提取的方法。本文所提出的方法能够比较准确而快速的提取较多的特征，因而能够适用于在大量人像中进行特征提取和识别。     

Automatical detection of face features and exact face contour

The approach based on the mathematical morphology and the variational calculus is presented for the detection of an exact face contour in still grayscale images. The facial features (eyes and lips) are detected by using the mathematical morphology and the heuristic rules. Using these features an image is filtered and an edge map is prepared. The face contour is detected by minimizing its internal and external energy. The internal energy is defined by the contour tension and the rigidity. The external energy is defined by using the generalized gradient vector flow field of the image edge map. Initial contour is calculated using the detected face features. The contour detection experiments were performed using the database of 427 face images. Automatically detected contours were compared with manually labeled contours using an area and the Euclidean distance-based error measures.