Multipump Four-Wave Mixing in a Photonic Crystal Fiber for 6×10 Gb/s Wavelength Multicasting of DPSK Signals

We demonstrate differential phase-shift keying wavelength multicasting using four-wave mixing in a 64-m dispersion-flattened highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber. The power penalty is less than 2.9 dB for all the 10-Gb/s multicast channels spaced at 200 GHz.     

Phase-Regenerative Wavelength Conversion for BPSK and DPSK Signals

Phase-regenerative wavelength conversion is demonstrated experimentally. The simultaneous combination of two nonlinear optical processes, phase conjugation and frequency conversion (Bragg scattering), produces phase-sensitive gain at two new idler wavelengths in addition to the original signal wavelength. This single-stage approach does not require phase-locking of the tunable pump. At maximum pump depletion, amplitude and phase regeneration occur simultaneously.     

基于半导体光放大器的四波混频效应对正交频分复用光信号进行全光波长变换

实验研究了基于半导体光放大器(SOA)的四波混频(FWM)效应的单抽运光正交频分复用(OFDM)信号的波长变换系统.信号光源和抽运光源分别由两个不同输出波长的可调分布反馈式激光器(DFB-LD)产生.信号光源经2.5 Gb/s OFDM的电信号直接调制后再和抽运光源耦合,经光放大器后在SOA实现波长变换.实验结果显示,耦合信号经SOA四波混频效应后,产生新波长的信号光将携带OFDM信号,且转换效率与信号光和抽运光的功率、波长以及两者的偏振夹角有关.同时也测量了转换的OFDM信号的功率-误码曲线和接收星座图.     

基于高非线性光纤四波混频的全光纤波长变换

对光纤四波混频(FWM)效应的相位匹配条件进行了分析，并针对两种利用光纤FWM进行波长变换的具体方案进行了讨论，指出利用高非线性光纤的FWM是一种简单可行的波长变换技术，并对此项技术目前存在的难点问题进行了探讨。     

基于SOA双泵浦FWM全光波长变换的研究

本文报道了半导体光放大器(SOA)在偏振方向相互垂直的双泵浦光作用下,四波混频(FWM)效应实现的全光波长变换实验,其变换效率和信噪比在55nm的调谐范围内较高并且基本稳定.     

Tunable Optical Delay Using Four-Wave Mixing in a 35-cm Highly Nonlinear Bismuth-Oxide Fiber and Group Velocity Dispersion

In this paper, an optically controlled tunable delay scheme has been proposed using four-wave mixing (FWM) wavelength conversion in a 35-cm highly nonlinear bismuth-oxide fiber (Bi-NLF) together with group velocity dispersion (GVD) in a chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG). The Bi-NLF offers a very large nonlinearity and gives rise to significant FWM over a short fiber segment. With the use of a CFBG, a delay range over 185 ps has been experimentally demonstrated. To investigate the performance of the tunable delay, we have applied the scheme for variable delays of 10-Gb/s amplitude-shift keying (ASK) and differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) data signals. The bit error rate (BER) measurements show a power penalty of less than 3.5 dB for both amplitude- and phase-modulated data formats. To further increase the delay time, the CFBG has been replaced by a dispersion compensated fiber (DCF) that provides a wider bandwidth of operation. A variable delay up to 840 ps has been obtained using dual-pump FWM that offers a conversion bandwidth of about 40 nm. The large conversion range helps to minimize GVD-induced pulse distortion as a shorter DCF can be used for a given delay. The Bi-NLF provides an enhanced stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold, a reduced latency, and an increased compactness of the approach for practical applications.     

All-Optical RZ-DPSK WDM to RZ-DQPSK Phase Multiplexing Using Four-Wave Mixing in Highly Nonlinear Fiber

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an all-optical phase multiplexing scheme using four-wave mixing in a highly nonlinear fiber. Two 10-Gb/s pi/2-shifted return-to-zero (RZ) differential phase-shift-keying (DPSK) wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) signals are successfully phase-multiplexed into a 20-Gb/s RZ differential quadrature phase-shift-keying signal with a negative 1.6-dB power penalty. With more input DPSK WDM signals, the proposed scheme can be applied to obtain a multilevel phase-shift-keying signal with increased capacity and enhanced spectral efficiency.     

Polarization-Independent Optical Demultiplexing Using XPM-Induced Wavelength Shifting in Highly Nonlinear Fiber

Polarization-independent all-optical demultiplexing of 160-Gb/s optical time-division-multiplexed data based on cross-phase-modulation-induced wavelength shifting in highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) has been experimentally demonstrated with a maximum power penalty of 0.8 dB due to signal polarization variations. The method uses a simple and easy-to-implement single-path polarization-diversity scheme by placing a short piece of polarization-maintaining fiber before the HNLF.     

光纤中的四波混频及其受色散的影响

讨论了四波混频的效率及色散对四波混频的影响，并推导了四波混频光的效率公式。另外，在光纤线路中由于每段光纤的零色散波长略有不同，四波混频的发生与有均匀零色散波长光纤中的不同，本文对这种情况下的四波混频也进行了分析研究。     

Four-Wave Mixing Between Coherent Signal and Incoherent Pump Light in Nonlinear Fiber

We report an experimental and theoretical investigation of the four-wave mixing (FWM) process between a coherent signal light and an incoherent pump light in a highly nonlinear fiber. In the experiment, two main phenomena are observed: 1) the peak power of the spectrum of the coherent signal light decreases along the fiber rather than be amplified; 2) the spectrum of the coherent signal is broadened. A theory of the FWM process between incoherent pump and coherent signal is proposed by considering the incoherence of the pump which has amplitude and phase fluctuations. The theoretical results agree with the experimental results.     

Optical Phase Add–Drop for Format Conversion Between DQPSK and DPSK and its Application in Optical Label Switching Systems

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an optical phase “add–drop” scheme to enable the format conversion between a 20-Gb/s differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK) and 10-Gb/s differential phase-shift keying. Meanwhile, the incoming DQPSK could be directly forwarded to another wavelength through the proposed optical phase “drop” scheme, which is implemented by four-wave-mixing effect in highly nonlinear fiber. By orthogonally encoding the label and payload of the optical packet on the in-phase ( $I$) and quadrature ( $ Q $) components of DQPSK, the proposed scheme could be applied in the optical label switching networks. The label erasing and rewriting of optical packets can be achieved through the proposed optical phase “drop” and “add” schemes, respectively.      

Wavelength Conversion of High-Speed Phase and Intensity Modulated Signals Using a Highly Nonlinear Chalcogenide Glass Chip

We report all-optical wavelength conversion of high-speed differential phase-shift keyed (DPSK) and on–off keyed (OOK) signals using the nonlinear Kerr-effect in an optical chip. This was enabled by four-wave mixing (FWM) of the signal with a continuous-wave (CW) pump laser in a 7-cm-long dispersion-shifted planar rib waveguide in highly nonlinear $hbox{As}_{2} hbox{S} _{3}$ glass. Both conversion of 40-Gb/s DPSK and 160-Gb/s OOK signals by 33 and 15 nm, respectively, are shown. These are first demonstrations of signal processing by CW-pumped FWM in a chalcogenide waveguide, highlighting its capability to perform phase-preserving operations at high bit rates in chip-scale devices.      

基于SOA中四波混频效应的全光波长变换

基于半导体光放大器的四波混频效应进行了 2 .5 Gbit/s的光脉冲的波长变换。向上波长变换间距为 1 0 nm,向下变换间距大于 1 0 nm。对基于半导体光放大器四波混频效应的波长变换技术进行了较为详尽的试验报道     

Performance Investigation of One-to-Six Wavelength Multicasting of ASK–DPSK Signal in a Highly Nonlinear Bismuth Oxide Fiber

We investigate the wavelength multicast performance of a 20 Gb/s (Gigabit per second) orthogonally modulated ASK–differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) signal. The multicast is achieved using four-wave mixing in a 32 cm highly nonlinear bismuth oxide fiber. Six multicast channels each operating at 20 Gb/s are obtained at a 200-GHz spacing, resulting in a 120 Gb/s throughput. Widely opened eye diagrams are obtained in the detection of both the ASK and DPSK components of the multicast channels. Bit error rate measurements have also been performed for both the amplitude and the phase of the signals. A power penalty of less than 3 dB is obtained in all the six multicast channels.      

Relative Intensity Noise Performance of Wavelength Converters Based on Four-Wave Mixing in Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers

We present a numerical and experimental study of the relative intensity noise (RIN) induced by the four-wave mixing (FWM) based wavelength conversion process in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). The study is based on the RIN evaluation of the converted signal, under various operating conditions (input power levels and wavelength detuning) and input noise characteristics. A detailed numerical model is employed to simulate the FWM process, taking into account the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise, the wavelength dependent gain, and the interaction of four waves in the SOA (two input waves and two product waves). It is shown that for low noise input signals, the output RIN is determined by the power levels of the pump and signal and the wavelength detuning. Operation under saturation allows reduction of the output RIN levels with respect to the input     

利用高非线性微结构光纤实现波长变换的研究

利用自相位调制(SPM)效应和窄带滤波器在高非线性微结构光纤(MF)中实现了全光波长变换,获得了对10 Gb/s脉冲信号超过±4 nm的波长变换带宽。作为非线性介质的25 m长MF的非线性系数γ=36 km-1.W-1,约是传统色散位移光纤非线性系数的20倍。高非线性MF在波长1 550 nm处色散值约为+150 ps/nm-km。     

Performance Enhancement of Multiwavelength Conversion of RZ-DPSK Based on Four-Wave Mixing in Semiconductor Optical Amplifier

In this letter, we propose two methods to enhance the performance of multichannel wavelength conversion of return-to-zero differential phase-shift-keying signal in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) based on four-wave-mixing effect. The first one is optimizing the relative time delay of the multichannel signal to reduce the crosstalk-induced penalty in SOA. The second one is using the synchronous clock pumping to raise the power of converted signal. The experiment on wavelength conversion of two channels at 10-Gb/s signal showed the power penalty was improved more than 1 dB in the first method and about 1.5 dB in the second method.     

2R Regeneration of Time-Interleaved Multiwavelength Signals Based on Higher Order Four-Wave Mixing in a Fiber

All-optical 2R regeneration of two-wavelength time-interleaved signals is demonstrated using higher order four-wave mixing in a fiber. In this regeneration scheme, a single fiber and a pump are shared by the two channels. The results show that interchannel crosstalk can be avoided when pulses in the two channels are time separated by more than ~3 times their pulsewidth. A possible power monitoring to determine suitable time-interleaving condition is also discussed.     

Tunable All-Optical Wavelength Conversion of 160-Gb/s RZ Optical Signals by Cascaded SFG-DFG Generation in PPLN Waveguide

We report, for the first time, tunable all-optical wavelength conversion of 160-Gb/s return-to-zero (RZ) optical signals based on cascaded sum- and difference-frequency generation in a periodically poled LiNbO₃ waveguide. The distorted signals due to limited phase-matching bandwidth during conversion were compensated by spectral reshaping. We achieved error-free tunable wavelength conversion with a bit-error rate of less than 10^-9 for 160-Gb/s RZ signals in a 23-nm tuning range over the C-band     

高非线性光纤中受激布里渊散射的抑制和光参量放大

受激布里渊散射 (SBS)的抑制是实现光纤参量放大的重要技术要求 ,已有文献报道多采用对抽运光进行相位调制的方法 ,将光功率分散到多个频率分量上来达到这一目的。提出一种二次调相的方法 ,在已有 2GHz相位调制的商品光源上施加 36 5MHz的二次相位调制 ,将高非线性光纤 (HNLF)的受激布里渊散射阈值由未加任何调制时的 10dBm至少提高到 2 3 5dBm ,达到了参量放大的要求。在此基础上 ,进行了连续波 (CW )抽运的光纤参量放大实验。实验中采用长度为 14 5 0m ,非线性系数γ =11 9W-1km-1,色散斜率S =0 0 15 5ps/(nm2 ·km)的高非线性光纤 ,使用外腔可调谐激光器 (ECL)作为信号光源 ,小信号增益带宽达到 2 6nm(增益 >10dB) ,峰值增益达到2 4dB。同时还观察到了由于非线性拉曼放大作用造成的长波长信号光增益大于短波长信号光增益的不对称性。