关于《2012》——我们的大自然

玛雅预言历法推测,人类的历史将在公元2012年进入新的阶段,地球将遭遇前所未有的自然灾害。大地崩裂、海啸汹涌……好莱坞电影《2012》呈现的末日地球让人不寒而栗。你可想知道这背后的自然故事？     

臭氧层，地球的保护伞

在离地面10～50公里的大气平流层中,集中了大气中约90％的臭氧,这一层大气层称为臭氧层。在臭氧层里,臭氧的生成和消亡处于动态平衡,维持着一定的浓度。在标准状态下,若沿垂直方向将大气中的臭氧压缩,其厚度约有3毫米,相当于两个5分钱硬币叠在一起那么厚。臭氧由三个氧原子组成,而且非常稀少;1千万个大气分子中只有三个臭氧分子。     

环保是一种实际行动

环保,不是一种口号,而是一种实际行动。 我生活在一个城镇里,这里有许多小化工企业。机器不分早晚地运转着,而且总会有有害气体排出,污染空气。有时气味非常刺鼻,有时机器轰隆作响,扰乱居民生活,有时天上烟雾缭绕,太阳时隐时现像蒙上了—层雾……这样的气体不但污染空气,破坏大自然与北极地区的大气圈,而且对人体也极有影响,但企业为什么还要这么做呢？因为这样才可以为企业为个人增加效益,满足他们的财富欲。     

高校化学实验室有害气体的分析与管理

通过对高校实验室各种有害气体的分析，提出了加强实验室管理的建议，以促进高校实验室的科学管理，保护操作人员及周围人员的身体健康，保护实验室周围的大气环境。     

应急情况下多种有毒有害气体的快速检测

应急情况下,按照现行监测规范和大连石化公司目前配备的仪器设备条件,检测液化气、汽油、苯、丁酮、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯和苯乙烯等有毒有害气体,至少需要60min;而根据文章的快速检测法,检测上述10种有毒有害气体,只需要5min,效率提高了10倍以上,完全满足应急情况下快速定性定量检测上述10种有毒有害气体的需要。     

谁是地球的主人？

小时候,老师和课本都告诉我们：“要做大自然的主人”,“人定胜天”,“与天斗”,“其乐无穷”。于是,见识了大炼钢铁、兴修水利、工业学大庆,农业学大寨, 插秧插到湖心，种田种到山顶，青石板上夺高产，狼窝掌上创丰收的时代壮举。     

写给地球人的信

致愚昧自私的人类们: 曾经我为了顺应你们的生存条件不断地改变自己,你们需要适度的阳光,于是我造出大气层:你们需要氧气,于是我种下了一颗颗参天大树……可谓是要风得风,要雨得雨.     

环境小知识 用植物的生长状况来监测环境污染

科学家通过观察发现，植物对各种有害气体的抵抗性有很大差异，有些植物对有害气体十分敏感，在很低浓度下就会受善而有些植物在较高浓度下也不受害或受害很轻。以氟化物为例，不同的植物对氟化物在不同时间有不饲的敏感性，如杏树最敏感的时间在上午10时，而水杉则在下午2时，一年中的4～5月份，各种植物抗氟化物污染的能力都急剧下降。     

永不停歇的脚步

<正>2008年6月的北京,似火的骄阳烘烤着大地,柳树低垂着头,懒洋洋地站在那里,小草瘫软在地上,就连院子里常见的几只野猫也不知道躲到哪儿去了。一阵急促的脚步声震荡     

节日里的坏习惯

一到了重要的节日,中国人基本都要烧纸、放鞭炮,我们的传统习惯中,不知不觉制造了许多环境污染。许多人比较尊重传统文化和习惯,而忽略了其中产生的有害气体,不仅危害了自己,同时也危害了他人。     

绿色时间 绿色空间 绿色教育行为——安徽铜陵二中拓展绿色创建内涵

1958年建校的铜陵市第二中学是目前市区唯一一所完全中学,学校现有45个教学班,在籍学生达2600余人。 为创建绿色学校,让绿色充满校园,铜陵二中在注重课堂教学的同时进行课堂外环境理念的渗透,充分利用研究性学习开展形式多样的活动,如开展“校园护绿小组”活动,对铜陵大气污染的调查活动和铜陵地区地质、自然灾害情况的调查;组织学生“走出去”,清理街道、居民区等地杂草、杂物、乱张贴活用块石围堰法护土,防止水土流失。     

扬起绿色风帆 播撒绿色种子

<正>坐落在省级森林公园——南屏山山麓的安徽省全椒慈济中学,创办于1998年,是由全椒县人民政府主办,台湾慈济基金会捐资兴建的一所示范高中。学校占地面积161亩,现有54个教学班。     

与绿同在踏绿而行——本刊第二届理事会换届会议侧记

春风吹拂干山绿,庐州花红又一春。4月1日下午,《绿色视野》杂志第二届理事换届会议隆重召开,来自淮北矿业集团等50家新一届理事成员单位的代表济济一堂,安徽省17市宣教科长、主任和部分县环保局长列席会议。与会企业代表就如何充分发挥媒体与企业的互动作用,及时反映企业的呼声,研究产业发展等问题进行深入交流探讨。     

发展绿色产品应对绿色壁垒

本文提出更新观念，建立绿色产业技术支撑体系，发展绿色产品，来应对绿色壁垒。     

绿色学校

在日常的学校教育中，教学与学校的管理通常是分开的。学校教育往往注重科学素养的培养，而忽视人文精神的养成。学生在一个类似虚拟的空间中学习规定好的知识，很少涉及有关当地或与生活密切相关的内容，他们更有机会能学以致用。其结果是学校教育偏重知识的积累，但在能力和爱心的培养方面却显不足。绿色学校则试图将整个学校作为学生学习的资源，从校园环境到学校的运作、管理，都可以为学生提供很多联系身边的实际，进行有意义的学习的机会。这与我们当前教育改革中强调的学生的主体性与实践性不谋而合。学生在帮助改善学校的校园环境和…     

Modeling Stream Shade: Riparian Buffer Height and Density as Important as Buffer Width1

DeWalle, David R., 2010. Modeling Stream Shade: Riparian Buffer Height and Density as Important as Buffer Width. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(2):323-333. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00423.x Abstract: A theoretical model was developed to explore impacts of varying buffer zone characteristics on shading of small streams using a path-length form of Beer’s law to represent the transmission of direct beam solar radiation through vegetation. Impacts of varying buffer zone height, width, and radiation extinction coefficients (surrogate for buffer density) on shading were determined for E-W and N-S stream azimuths in infinitely long stream sections at 40°N on the summer solstice. Increases in buffer width produced little additional shading beyond buffer widths of 6-7 m for E-W streams due to shifts in solar beam pathway from the sides to the tops of the buffers. Buffers on the north bank of E-W streams produced 30% of daily shade, while the south-bank buffer produced 70% of total daily shade. For N-S streams an optimum buffer width was less-clearly defined, but a buffer width of about 18-20 m produced about 85-90% of total predicted shade. The model results supported past field studies showing buffer widths of 9-11 m were sufficient for stream temperature control. Regardless of stream azimuth, increases in buffer height and extinction coefficient (buffer density) were found to substantially increase shading up to the maximum tree height and stand density likely encountered in the field. Model results suggest that at least 80% shade on small streams up to 6-m wide can be achieved in mid-latitudes with relatively narrow 12-m wide buffers, regardless of stream azimuth, as long as buffers are tall (≈30 m) and dense (leaf area index ≈6). Although wide buffers may be preferred to provide other benefits, results suggest that increasing buffer widths beyond about 12 m will have a limited effect on stream shade at mid-latitudes and that greater emphasis should be placed on the creation of dense, tall buffers to maximize stream shading.     

开发研制绿色化学产品

叙述绿色化学是一门从源头上彻底阻止污染的化学，简介了几种绿色化学产品及研究开发的进展。     

绿色建筑评析

介绍了绿色建筑发展背景,阐述了绿色建筑的概念和设计主旨,将可持续发展的概念与建筑相结合探讨了绿色建筑未来的发展方向。     

开发研制绿色化学产品

叙述绿色化学是一门从源头上彻底阻止污染的化学,简介了几种绿色化学产品及研究开发的进展。     

Guidelines for Riparian Vegetative Shade Restoration Based Upon a Theoretical Shaded‐Stream Model1

Abstract: Guidelines for riparian vegetative shade restoration were developed using a theoretical model of total daily radiation received by a shaded stream. The model assumed stream shading by nontransmitting, vertical or overhanging, solid vegetation planes in infinitely long reaches. Radiation components considered in the model were direct beam shortwave on the stream centerline, diffuse atmospheric shortwave, shortwave reflected by vegetation, atmospheric longwave, and longwave emitted by vegetation. Potential or extraterrestrial shortwave irradiation theory was used to compute beam shortwave radiation received at the stream centerline, and view factor theory was used to compute diffuse radiation exchange among stream, vegetation, and atmospheric planes. Model shade effects under clear skies were dominated by reductions in receipt of direct beam shortwave radiation. Model shade effects with cloudy skies were dominated by the “view factor effect” or the decreases in diffuse shortwave and longwave radiation from the atmosphere balanced against increases in longwave radiation from vegetation. Model shade effects on shortwave radiation reflected by vegetation were found to be negligible. The model was used to determine the vegetation height (H) to stream width (W) ratios needed to achieve 50, 75, and 90 % shade restoration for mid‐latitude conditions on clear and cloudy days. Ratios of vegetation height to stream width, for dense nontransmitting vegetation, generally ranged from 1.4 to 2.3 for 75% shade restoration at a mid‐latitude site (40°N). The model was used to show H/W needed for E‐W vs. N‐S stream azimuths, varying stream latitudes between 30° and 50°N, channels with overhanging vegetation, channels undergoing width changes, as well as the limits to shade restoration on very wide channels.