基于桥梁结构的FBG传感器温度与应变交叉敏感问题的研究

对光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器在桥梁结构健康监测中产生的温度与应变交叉敏感问题进行了研究。采用参考光纤光栅法在应变传感光纤光栅附近额外加入一个温度测量光纤光栅,对应变光栅实现温度补偿功能。设计了基于参考光纤光栅法的FBG传感器及FBG传感器封装的机械结构,并通过实验来验证FBG传感器的性能。实验数据表明,温度传感光纤光栅几乎不受应变的影响,应变传感光栅的中心波长变化与温度变化呈一阶线性关系,修正后的测量结果更加精确,达到了双参数同时测量的目的,应变与布拉格波长的线性关系非常好,相关系数达到0.99以上。参考光纤光栅法能够很好地解决FBG传感器温度与应变交叉敏感的问题。     

光纤Bragg光栅靶式流量传感器设计

基于工业流体流量测量技术、光纤布拉格光栅(fiber Bragg grating,FBG)传感检测技术与靶式流量计原理,针对单个光纤Bragg光栅传感系统对温度交叉敏感的问题,设计并且制作了一种基于双光纤Bragg光栅流量传感器。该传感器采用靶盘结构作为光纤Bragg光栅流量传感器的受力元件,对温度起到了补偿作用,并且有效地提高了应变测量灵敏度。实验表明,该流量传感器的线性误差为0.31%。     

Small diameter fiber Bragg gratings and applications

Small diameter optical fibers are preferred in sensing systems as they have less influence on mechanical performance of smart composite. The static and dynamic monitoring capabilities of the small-diameter fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) are experimentally studied in this paper. Firstly, a small-diameter FBG is used as a strain sensor. Secondly, a temperature sensor is fabricated using a specific FBG. Thirdly, a simple sensing system is proposed in order to discriminate temperature at sensing point. Finally, utilization of these small diameter FBGs for vibration monitoring is discussed. The experiments revealed that the central wavelengths of the small-diameter fiber Bragg gratings shift linearly with strain or temperature. The FBG is more sensitive than a thermocouple inside the thermostat. Acquisition and analysis of the dynamic signal indicates that the designed FBG can be used for dynamic signal monitoring.     

一种倾角及温度同时测量的光纤传感器

叙述了一种用于倾斜角及温度同时测量的传感器。该传感器由光纤锥和光纤布拉格光栅构成,当传感器倾角发生改变时引起光纤锥的通光损耗改变,通过测量通光损耗的变化而测量倾角,通过测量光纤光栅的反射波长的变化而实现温度测量,此外光纤布拉格光栅还有提高倾角测量灵敏度的作用。     

Simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature by integrating an external Fabry-Perot cavity with a fiber Bragg grating

A fiber sensor for simultaneous measurements of refractive index and temperature based on the integration of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with an external Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity is presented. The fringe contrast of the interference spectrum generated by the F-P cavity is used to determine the external refractive index, while the wavelength shift of the FBG is used to measure temperature. The result showed that the refractive index and temperature sensitivity for the integrated sensor is 8.1 × 10(-6) and 0.01006 nm/°C, respectively.     

光纤光栅压力传感器的研究进展与趋势

由于在灵敏度、绝缘性、抗腐蚀和分布式测量等方面具有优势,光纤光栅压力传感器在能源化工、航空航天和土木工程等领域中逐渐地受到人们关注,并成为研究热点。通过综述近年来迅速发展的光纤光栅压力传感器的研究进展,介绍了利用光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)轴向应变构建压力传感器的工作原理、结构和特点,并按照光纤光栅安装方式对此类压力传感器进行了分类,同时概述了光纤光栅横向压力传感的实验研究,并对光纤光栅压力传感器的发展趋势进行了述评。     

应用光纤光栅和虚拟仪器的切削力测量技术

在分析光纤光栅应变传感器原理的基础上,针对切削力测量的需要,设计出了光纤光栅传感器各项参数,简化了测试仪器结构,避免了温度对测量精度的影响。在虚拟仪器平台上开发了测试数据处理和自动化管理的程序,介绍了LabVIEW环境中建立切削力经验公式的简单方法。     

压差式光纤Bragg光栅流量传感器

采用文丘里管式节流管和光纤Bragg光栅压强机构设计了一种压差式光纤光栅流量传感器。该传感器中将两根光纤光栅分别粘贴在两个垂直固定于圆筒壁内的等腰三角形悬臂梁中心线上,有效解决了温度与应变的交叉敏感问题,提高了测量精度。实验测试结果表明,光纤光栅流量传感器中布拉格波长漂移量与流量的函数关系为二次曲线,实验结果与理论分析值符合得较好,其相对误差为2.9%。为了进一步减小误差,应选用光纤、粘结剂及波纹膜片三者杨氏模量相近的材料。     

光纤光栅空分光复用传感系统的研究

介绍了一种光纤光栅空分复用传感系统,并将光纤光栅的传感特性应用于结构健康检测系统中。宽带光源发出的光波进入光栅阵列时,利用光开关选通不同光路实现FBG空分复用传感系统。系统采用等腰三角形悬臂梁调谐装置对FBG进行挠度加载,利用非平衡M-Z干涉技术对传感信息进行解调,将包含被测应变信息的FBG波长信号转变成相位信号,从而得到被测应变的大小,成功地实现了空分复用传感。该系统可用于静态应变和动态应变的检测,具有高分辨力、大测量范围的特点,其传感分辨率为7.3 nε,灵敏度的实验值为0.82°/με。     

一种光纤光栅传感实验仪的可靠性分析

光纤光栅作为一种传感单元可以测试应变、温度和压力等物理量.近年来,可用于光纤光栅信号解调的技术和仪器相继出现,并在不同的场合得到了很好的应用.但由于制造、安装和操作等原因,这些仪器的可靠性问题也开始引起不同程度的关注.仪器的可靠性分析是其设计过程中不可缺少的重要环节之一.以一种基于匹配解调技术的准分布式光纤光栅解调仪为例,介绍了该仪器的基本组成和原理;采用故障树法从机械和光电器件的可能出现的如光纤光栅脆断、螺钉松动和脱焊等故障和失效形式出发,根据光路配置、电路以及机械结构分析了可能的故障模式,计算了可靠性.结论有利于对这类仪器的故障诊断和维护.     

Simultaneous measurement of humidity and temperature using a polyvinyl alcohol tapered fiber bragg grating

An optical fiber sensor based on a multimode tapered fiber cascading fiber Bragg grating has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated for the simultaneous measurement of humidity and temperature. The sensor was constructed using a tapered fiber that was coated with polyvinyl alcohol and a fiber Bragg grating with high reflectivity. The measurement of humidity and temperature was achieved by monitoring changes in reflective optical power and spectral shift, respectively. Due to the different measurement methods, the effect of temperature on humidity measurement may be ignored. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the highest sensitivities of 0.33 µW/%RH and 10.9?pm/°C were achieved when the diameter of the taper waist was 26?µm and the thickness of coating was 3.3?µm. Due to the advantages of good linearity, low cost of fabrication and convenient operation, the proposed sensor is promising for simultaneously measuring humidity and temperature.     

Monitoring of sea bed level changes in nearshore regions using fiber optic sensors

This work reports the implementation and test of a pressure optical sensor suitable to measure, in situ, the sea bed level changes in the nearshore regions. The sensor is based on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) embedded in a polymeric resin block. The increase of the pressure on the top face of the sensor, due to the change of sediments layer height, results in a change of the FBG Bragg wavelength. The sensor response reveals the capacity to discriminate sea bed level changes down to 2.5 cm, under field survey conditions. Finally, the sensor was successfully tested in a field trial survey at Costa da Caparica, Portugal.     

A diaphragm-type fiber Bragg grating pressure sensor with temperature compensation

A diaphragm-type fiber Bragg grating (FBG) pressure sensor with two bare FBGs directly bonded on a circular diaphragm along the radial direction has been proposed and studied. Measurement principle and simulation analysis of the pressure sensor are introduced. Using the wavelength shift difference of the two FBGs which respectively measure the positive and negative strain as sensing signal, the pressure sensitivity is increased and the temperature cross-sensitivity is compensated. Experimental results indicate that the measurement sensitivity is 1.57 pm/kPa in a range from 0 to 1 MPa, the correlative coefficient reaches 99.996%, and the temperature compensation performance is distinct. This kind of pressure sensor could be used to measure and monitor the static/dynamic pressure of gas or liquid.     

Multiplex and simultaneous measurement of displacement and temperature using tapered fiber and fiber Bragg grating

A simple method to work out the multiplexing of tapered fiber based sensors is proposed and demonstrated. By cascading a tapered fiber with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG), the sensor head is provided with a wavelength identification, different FBGs provide the sensor heads with different reflective peaks and they can be distinguished in optical spectrum. By compositing several such sensor heads with a multi-channel beam splitter, a star-style topological structure sensor for multipoint sensing is achieved. At the same time, the output intensity at the peak wavelength is sensitive to one external physical parameter applied on the related FBG-cascaded tapered fiber and the central wavelength of the peak is only sensitive to temperature, so that that parameter and temperature can be measured simultaneously. A sensor for dual-point measurement of the displacement and temperature simultaneously is experimentally demonstrated by using a 2 × 2 coupler in this paper. Experiment results show that the sensor works well and the largest sensitivities reach to 0.11 dB/μm for displacement in the range of 0-400 μm, and ～0.0097 nm/°C for temperature between 20 °C and 70 °C.     

Research on the fiber Bragg grating sensor for the shock stress measurement

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor with an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometer for the shock stress measurement is proposed and demonstrated. An analysis relationship between the shock stress and the central reflection wavelength shift of the FBG is firstly derived. In this sensor, the optical path difference of the unbalanced Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometer is ~3.1 mm and the length of the FBG is 2 mm. An arctangent function reduction method, which can avoid sine function's insensitive zone where the shock stress measurement has a reduced accuracy, is presented. A shock stress measurement of water driven by one stage gun (up to 1.4 GPa), with good theoretical accuracy (~10%), is launched.     

基于多模-单模-多模结构和光纤布拉格光栅同时测量温度和折射率

利用单模光纤(SMF)中的包层模与纤芯导模之间的干涉,提出了一种基于多模-单模-多模(MSM)结构与布拉格光栅(FBG)级联可同时测量温度和折射率的传感器.基于MSM结构的干涉谱和FBG的透射峰对温度和折射率具有不同响应灵敏度的特点,利用敏感矩阵实现了对温度和折射率的同时测量.实验测得MSM结构和FBG的温度灵敏度分别为0.055 2 nm/℃和0.015 8 nm/℃,MSM结构的折射率灵敏度为109.702 nm/RIU,而FBG对折射率变化不敏感.温度和折射率的测量精度分别为士0.32℃和士0.002 3.实验显示提出的MSM结构的温度灵敏度比单模-多模-单模(SMS)结构传感器提高了5倍,同时由于SMF中的包层模对外界环境的变化较敏感,该MSM结构也可应用于其他传感领域.     

可同时测量温度和压力的高灵敏度光纤光栅传感器

报道一种新颖的基于单个光纤布拉格光栅的传感器。该传感器将光栅的一部分封装在周围填充聚合物的金属空腔里,另一部分固定在金属柱体内。由于固定的光栅部分不受应变的影响,而封装在聚合物的光栅同时受温度和应变的影响,因此该结构可实现温度和应变的分离传感。同时,这种聚合物封装的结构把施加在聚合物上的横向应力巧妙地转化为施加在光栅上的轴向应变,可大大提高其应变传感灵敏度。实验结果表明该传感器不但可以实现压力和温度的同时测量,而且其压力灵敏度系数可达9.65×10-3MPa-1,约为裸光栅的4770倍。     

Long-period fiber grating sensor induced by electric-arc discharge for dual-parameter measurement

A long-period fiber grating sensor induced by electric-arc discharge has been fabricated and demonstrated for the simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain. The proposed sensor was fabricated by inscribing a sing-mode fiber with periodic electric-arc discharge technology that was produced from a commercial fusion splicer. The resonance dips formed by the coupling between cladding modes and core mode have different sensitivity responses, so the simultaneous measurement for multiple parameters was realized by monitoring the wavelength shifts of the resonance dips. Because of the easy fabrication and low cost, the sensor is promising for applications for which simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain is required.     

Differential strain measurement using multiplexed fiber Bragg grating sensors

We investigate differential measurement of strain using fiber Bragg gratings and spatial demultiplexing methods. Differential measurement is shown to improve strain resolution in the presence of noise by an average of 34% compared to absolute measurements of the Bragg wavelengths. Spatial demultiplexing of the gratings provides potentially high-resolution sensing without calculating the sensor wavelengths. The differential method is still temperature dependent. We apply the differential technique to the problem of oil-water boundary detection in production columns, with promising preliminary results.     

Fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor for practical use

Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is a promising measurement technology for future sensor system applications. Little attention has been given to the FBG sensor housing, however it is important that the FBG is embedded in a conventional electrical sensor housing so that it may be installed easily in instrumentation systems. We have experimentally fabricated a practical pass-through type FBG temperature sensor which is embedded in the conventional thermocouple housing. A small radius U-turn fiber spliced to the FBG is placed inside the top of a stainless sheath. Employing a high numerical aperture fiber with polyamide recoating, we have determined that the bending loss of the small radius U-turn fiber and heat resistance is less than 0.1 dB and up to 250 degrees C respectively. The wavelength shift of this sensor due to temperature change is 10.3 pm/degrees C equal to that of general FBG. Consequently the practical use of this sensor has been confirmed.