偕胺肟基纤维的合成及对铀的吸附性能研究

以聚丙烯腈纤维为原料,通过与羟胺反应制得偕胺肟基纤维,考察了合成条件对铀吸附性能的影响.结果表明,用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)作添加剂,温度为70℃时合成的偕胺肟基纤维中偕胺肟基的含量可高达11.45mmol·g-1.考察了吸附温度、溶液的pH和浓度对吸附性能的影响.结果表明,温度较高、浓度较大时吸附速率较快.当pH为5时,吸附量可高达24.82mg·g-1.由对UO22+、Mg2+,Ca2+3种离子的吸附数据可知,铀/镁,铀/钙的选择性系数分别为20.26和4.01,表明该偕胺肟基纤维对铀具有较强的吸附选择性.     

偕胺肟基螯合纤维的制备

以聚丙烯腈纤维为原料,加入羟胺试剂,将腈基转变为偕胺肟基团,使聚丙烯腈纤维改性成含有偕胺肟基团的螫合纤维。探讨了聚丙烯腈纤维改性的工艺参数,结果表明:聚丙烯腈在温度为65~75℃,pH值6~7的羟胺溶液中反应3 h,螫合纤维产率最高达到41％。用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对螯合纤维进行了表征,部分腈基转化成了偕胺肟基团。     

偕胺肟基乙烷桥键介孔二氧化硅对铀的吸附研究

采用水热法合成了氰基化乙烷桥键的介孔材料,经胺肟功能化后制备出偕胺肟基介孔SiO_2材料(AO-PMOs)。利用AO-PMOs对铀溶液进行吸附实验,探讨了铀溶液初始质量浓度、pH值以及吸附时间对AO-PMOs吸附铀的影响,并采用FTIR,SEM,EDS技术进行表征分析。结果表明:在溶液初始pH值为5,铀质量浓度为10 mg/L,吸附剂投加量为20 mg,反应温度为303 K的条件下,吸附效果较佳,吸附率最大为99.04%,吸附量可达25 mg/g。该吸附过程与准二级动力学模型(R~20.99),Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型(R~20.98)能较好地拟合。偕胺肟基在AO-PMOs吸附铀过程起主要作用。     

偕胺肟类化合物的合成与应用新进展

偕胺肟类化合物具有优良的金属离子吸附性能、多样化的品种,已被广泛应用在材料、化工等行业中。本文介绍了偕胺肟类化合物及其中间体的合成方法,包括氰乙基化、聚合以及偕胺肟化;综述了上述合成方法以及偕胺肟类化合物的应用研究进展,并由此提出了偕胺肟类化合物未来的发展方向。     

偕胺肟基化合物的合成及表征

以盐酸羟胺和氰基化合物为原料,设计、合成了标题化合物.利用红外光谱、核磁共振(H谱、C谱)、元素分析、质谱等方法确定了标题化合物的结构,优化了标题化合物的合成条件.     

纳米硫化镉/偕胺肟复合纤维的制备及抗菌性能研究

以聚丙烯腈纤维(PAN)为原料,改性制得含有偕胺肟基团的螯合纤维(AOCF),使其与纳米硫化镉反应,制得纳米硫化镉/偕胺肟复合纤维(nano-CdS/AOCF)。运用扫描电镜(SEM)及X-衍射能谱仪(EDX)对样品进行了表征,并研究了纤维对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抗菌性能。结果表明,在纤维表面生成了分散均匀的纳米硫化镉,纳米硫化镉/偕胺肟复合纤维具有良好的抗菌性能。     

纳米硫化汞/偕胺肟复合纤维的制备及抑菌性能研究

以聚丙烯腈纤维(PAN)为原料,改性制得含有偕胺肟基团的螯合纤维(AOCF),使其与纳米硫化汞反应,制得纳米硫化汞/偕胺肟复合纤维(nano-HgS/AOCF).运用扫描电镜(SEM)及X-衍射能谱仪(EDX)对样品进行了表征,并研究了纤维对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌性能.结果表明,偕胺肟纤维表面生成了分散均匀的纳米硫化汞,0.15g的nano-HgS/AOCF对大肠杆菌的抑菌能力与5.0万单位的青霉素相当,而对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌能力与2.0万单位的青霉素相当.     

含咪唑啉基偕胺肟化共聚物对Cu(Ⅱ)吸附性能

本文以丙烯酰胺（AM）、丙烯腈（AN）、1-(2-N-烯丙基氨乙基)-2-油酸基咪唑啉（NIPA）为原料,制备了咪唑啉基偕胺肟化聚合物AM/AO/NIPA。对其进行了FTIR、SEM和TG表征,通过静态吸附实验考察了pH、吸附时间、溶液初始浓度对聚合物AM/AO/NIPA和吸附剂聚丙烯酰胺（PAM ）吸附低浓度Cu2+过程的影响,并拟合吸附动力学和等温吸附曲线探讨了吸附机理。结果表明：聚合物AM/AO/NIPA的铜吸附容量受溶液pH影响不大;当聚合物AM/AO/NIPA加入量为0.05 g时,在30 ℃,pH=5,吸附3 h后,对铜离子质量浓度为100 mg/L的溶液吸附达到平衡 ,此时吸附容量为37.32 mg/g;整个吸附过程服从准二级动力学模型,以化学吸附为主;对Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型均能较好的拟合。通过Langmuir模型拟合计算得到,偕胺肟化聚合物AM/AO/NIPA的Cu2+饱和吸附量为267.38 mg/g,超过相同条件下吸附剂PAM的饱和吸附量3倍以上。AM/AO/NIPA循环使用5次后,其吸附量保留率可高达92.99%。     

纤维素基磁性聚偕胺肟树脂的研究：Ⅳ.树脂吸附KMnO4机理

研究了酸,碱处理的纤维素基芯和酸碱处理的纤维素基磁性聚偕胺肟树脂吸附ＫＭｎＯ４的行为,发现纤维素工磁芯和纤维素基磁性聚偕胺肟树脂都能吸附ＫＭｎＯ４。     

亚氨基二乙醛肟树脂的合成及其性能的研究

介绍了苯乙烯二乙烯基苯为基体的亚氨基二乙醛肟树脂(IDAO)的合成,研究了树脂对金属离子的吸附性能,并讨论了pH对吸附的影响以及吸附的动力学效应。结果表明 IDAO 树脂对重金属离子(Cu(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)等),特别是高价重金属离子(Fe(Ⅲ)、Cr(Ⅳ)、V(Ⅴ))有很强的吸附作用,而对碱金属、碱土金属不吸附。     

大孔螯合树脂对Pb2+的吸附行为及机理

通过静态和动态吸附实验,研究了Pb2+在D418树脂上的吸附行为,从热力学和动力学方面对吸附过程进行了分析,并通过红外光谱探讨了吸附机理. 结果表明,在所研究的条件范围内,Pb2+在D418树脂上的吸附是吸热过程,同时符合Freundlich和Langmuir等温吸附方程;液膜扩散为Pb2+在D418树脂上吸附速率的主要控制步骤,随着溶液初始浓度的增大,吸附速率逐渐减小;313 K温度下树脂的静态饱和吸附容量为375 mg/g,在298 K下用3 mol/L的硝酸作为解吸剂,解吸率可达97%;最佳的解吸剂用量为5倍床层体积. 该树脂吸附操作简单,易再生,不产生二次污染,有望用于含铅废水的治理及铅的富集.     

Gallium recovery from Bayer's liquor using hydroxamic acid resin

Gallium, which is extensively used in the production of semiconductor materials, is present at the parts per million level in Bayer's liquor. The low concentration of gallium in the liquor, along with the high concentration of aluminum, prompted the use of chelating ion exchangers as an alternative separation process. A chelating ion exchange resin with hydroxamic groups attached to the copolymer of acrylonitrile‐divinylbenzene has been prepared by suspension polymerization followed by hydrolysis and chelation with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. Adsorption studies of gallium, using the above hydroxamic acid resin, were carried out. Adsorption was dependent on particle size of the resin and optimum conditions are determined for obtaining 0.3‐ to 0.5‐mm particles by varying the composition of the emulsion, using a secondary polymerization technique, and adding of diluents. Acrylic acid, as a diluent in the copolymer matrix, was found to increase the particle size and stability of the resin. IR studies, carried out for the products obtained at various stages, confirmed the conversion of polymer to resin with a hydroxamic acid group and its complex formation with gallium. Both batch and column studies were carried out for the determination of the capacity of the resin with synthetic Bayer's liquor containing gallium and commercial Bayer's liquor. Scaled‐up column studies were carried out with commercial Bayer's liquor to test the cyclability and stability of the resin. It was observed that chelated ion exchange resin could be recycled up to 30 times. The optimal liquid to solid phase ratio was found to be 1:12. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 847–855, 2004     

腈纶的偕胺肟化改性及结构性能研究

以普通商用腈纶为骨架材料,通过对其进行预处理、交联和改性等工艺过程,合成了一种含偕胺肟基的高分子纤维吸附材料,分别用扫描电镜、红外光谱仪、电子拉力机以及化学分析等方法对材料的微观形态结构、分子结构、机械强度及交换容量进行了表征。结果表明:所采用的合成工艺简单、可靠,材料具有良好的机械强度,其偕胺肟基含量达到了9.8～11.4mmol/g。     

一种多羟基螯合树脂的合成及其对硼的吸附

以氨基葡萄糖和聚苯乙烯为原料合成新的螯合树脂,检测了螯合树脂的氯含量和红外光谱;然后利用氨基葡萄糖螯合树脂与硼的螯合性质,通过实验研究其对硼的吸附能力,并研究了温度、时间等影响螯合树脂吸附的因素。根据热力学有关原理,计算出树脂吸附硼的热力学数据,从而得出树脂对硼的吸附效果。结果表明:合成的螯合树脂对硼有一定的吸附效果;较高温度有利于吸附,为吸热反应;ΔG小于0,吸附过程可以自发的进行。     

Synthesis of Chelating Resin PETU and Its Adsorption to Ag(I)

A novel chelating resin (PETU) with thiourea groups in its main chain was synthesized by the reaction of O,O'-butane-1,4-diyl dicarbonisothiocyanatidate and triethylene tetraamine. The adsorption of Ag(I) on PETU was investigated by batch tests. The results showed that adsorption data fitted Boyd's diffusion equation of liquid film and the adsorption was controlled by liquid film diffusion. Under the temperatures between 15～60 ℃, the adsorption capacity decreased with the increase of temperature, and increased with the increase of initial concentration of Ag(I). The experimental data fitted Langmuir and Freundlich equations, and the correlation coefficients for Langmuir equation were between 0.9965～0.9998, and those for Freundlich equation were between 0.8211～0.9810, and increased with the adsorption temperature. △H, △G and △S calculated by thermodynamic formulae were all negative, which meant that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous, and the entropy decreased during the process. XPS results showed that N, S and O atoms were the electron donors to coordinate with Ag.     

Adsorption behavior of metal ions by amidoxime chelating resin

The adsorption properties of poly(acrylamidoxime) chelating resin for Cu(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Zn(II), Pb(II), Cr(III), and U(VI) are investigated by the batch technique. Based on the research results of the binding capacity effect of the pH value on sorption kinetic experiments, it is shown that this resin has higher binding capacity to uranyl ions, fast kinetics, and very good selectivity from binary metal ion mixtures with Cu(II) and Pb(II). The uranyl ion sorption strongly depends on the pH value of the solution. The highest value of 99% is at pH 5, but at pH 1 there is no retention. The adsorbed UO can be eluted by sulfuric acid and sodium carbonate. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 1994–1999, 2000     

Synthesis and performance characteristics of methylmethacrylate–divinylbenzene copolymer-based chelating resin for gallium metal recovery

A chelating ion exchange resin based on a methylmethacrylate and divinylbenzene copolymer has been designed through suspension polymerisation and subsequent functionalisation to hydroxamic acid as chelating group. The chelating resin has been characterized by infrared spectroscopy, its particle size, stability in acid/alkaline media, specific gravity and its use in gallium recovery. The use of resin has been demonstrated to effect gallium recovery with an efficiency of about 80%.     

层析法分离提取葡萄籽原花青素的进一步研究

以吸附量和解吸率为指标,比较了7种大孔吸附树脂对原花青素的静态吸附解吸性能并考查了AB—8树脂对原花青素的吸附特性及机理。实验结果表明:AB—8树脂是较理想的吸附剂;在溶液中AB—8树脂对原花青素的吸附达到平衡的时间为240 min,吸附行为符合Langmuir等温方程;最佳动态吸附参数原花青素提取液浓度4.0 mg/mL,吸附流速2 BV/h(1BV=13.03 mL)用40%乙醇溶液洗脱。AB—8树脂适合于柱层析操作分离原花青素。     

偕胺肟聚丙烯腈微球的制备及其应用

以丙烯腈为单体,利用沸腾法制备了聚丙烯腈微球,并与一定浓度的盐酸羟胺溶液发生肟化反应,得到含有偕胺肟基的微球。系统地探讨和研究了pH值、反应物浓度、反应温度和时间等对聚丙烯腈微球肟化的影响。结果表明：聚丙烯腈微球在pH值为 6～7,温度65～75 ℃,盐酸羟胺溶液浓度40 g/L,反应时间3.0 h时腈基转化率最高。进一步研究了含有偕胺肟基的聚丙烯腈微球在处理镀镍废液中的应用,改性后的含偕胺肟基团的微球用量为4.0 g时,可一次性处理电镀废液100 mL、累积处理300 mL的废液达国家排放标准。     

聚苯乙烯硫代氨基脲螯合树脂的制备及其对重金属离子的吸附性能研究

以苯乙烯为单体采用分散聚合法合成聚苯乙烯微球,1,4-二氯甲氧基丁烷与聚苯乙烯反应得到氯甲基化聚苯乙烯,用氯甲基化聚苯乙烯与硫代氨基脲反应得到的聚苯乙烯硫代氨基脲螯合树脂。采用红外光谱法、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱对其结构及元素组成进行分析。考察了聚苯乙烯硫代氨基脲螯合树脂对Ag+、Cu2+、Pb2+和Cr3+重金属离子的吸附性能。聚苯乙烯硫代氨基脲螯合树脂对Ag+、Cu2+、Pb2+和Cr3+的吸附容量分别为16.38 mg/g、15.25 mg/g、13.69 mg/g和13.12 mg/g。