基于网格的一种新的动态演化算法

近年来,越来越多的演化计算研究者对动态优化问题产生了很大的兴趣,并产生了很多解决动态优化问题的方法。提出一种新的动态演化算法,与传统的演化算法有所不同,它是建立在划分网格基础上的,故而称它为网格优化算法。通过测试典型的动态优化问题,并与经典的SOS算法进行比较,证明了算法的有效性。     

A single front genetic algorithm for parallel multi-objective optimization in dynamic environments

This paper proposes a new parallel evolutionary procedure to solve multi-objective dynamic optimization problems along with some measures to evaluate multi-objective optimization in dynamic environments. These dynamic optimization problems appear in quite different real-world applications with actual socio-economic relevance. In these applications, the objective functions, the constraints, and hence, also the solutions, can change over time and usually demand to be solved online whilst the size of the changes is unknown. Although parallel processing could be very useful in these problems to meet the solution quality requirements and constraints, to date, not many parallel approaches have been reported in the literature. Taking this into account, we introduce a multi-objective optimization procedure for dynamic problems that are based on PSFGA, a parallel evolutionary algorithm previously proposed by us for multi-objective optimization. It uses an island model where a process divides the population among the remaining processes and allows the communication and coordination among the subpopulations in the different islands. The proposed algorithm makes an exclusive use of non-dominating individuals for the selection and variation operator and applies a crowding mechanism to maintain the diversity and the distribution of the solutions in the Pareto front. We also propose a model to understand the benefits of parallel processing in multi-objective problems and the speedup figures obtained in our experiments.     

A self-organizing random immigrants genetic algorithm for dynamic optimization problems

In this paper a genetic algorithm is proposed where the worst individual and individuals with indices close to its index are replaced in every generation by randomly generated individuals for dynamic optimization problems. In the proposed genetic algorithm, the replacement of an individual can affect other individuals in a chain reaction. The new individuals are preserved in a subpopulation which is defined by the number of individuals created in the current chain reaction. If the values of fitness are similar, as is the case with small diversity, one single replacement can affect a large number of individuals in the population. This simple approach can take the system to a self-organizing behavior, which can be useful to control the diversity level of the population and hence allows the genetic algorithm to escape from local optima once the problem changes due to the dynamics.     

Combining genetic algorithms with BESO for topology optimization

This paper proposes a new algorithm for topology optimization by combining the features of genetic algorithms (GAs) and bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO). An efficient treatment of individuals and population for finite element models is presented which is different from traditional GAs application in structural design. GAs operators of crossover and mutation suitable for topology optimization problems are developed. The effects of various parameters used in the proposed GA on the optimization speed and performance are examined. Several 2D and 3D examples of compliance minimization problems are provided to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed new approach and its capability of obtaining convergent solutions. Wherever possible, the numerical results of the proposed algorithm are compared with the solutions of other GA methods and the SIMP method.     

A double-multiplicative dynamic penalty approach for constrained evolutionary optimization

The present paper proposes a double-multiplicative penalty strategy for constrained optimization by means of genetic algorithms (GAs). The aim of this research is to provide a simple and efficient way of handling constrained optimization problems in the GA framework without the need for tuning the values of penalty factors for any given optimization problem. After a short review on the most popular and effective exterior penalty formulations, the proposed penalty strategy is presented and tested on five different benchmark problems. The obtained results are compared with the best solutions provided in the literature, showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

基于免疫量子遗传算法的多峰函数寻优

针对多峰函数优化中的全局及局部寻优问题,提出了一种结合免疫克隆算子的量子遗传算法,给出了实现流程。该算法集量子遗传算法的快速性和免疫克隆算法全局搜索性于一身。它不仅有效克服了量子遗传算法容易陷于局部最优的缺点,也避免了普通免疫克隆算法计算缓慢的缺点。用多峰值函数进行了全局寻优的仿真实验,并与基本遗传算法,量子遗传算法的计算结果进行了比较,结果表明所提算法能以较快的速度搜索到全局最优解,并且其鲁棒性远高于普通量子遗传算法和遗传算法。     

改进的动态自适应学习教与学优化算法

为了克服教与学优化(TLBO)算法在求解函数优化问题时容易陷入局部最优、后期收敛速度慢、解精度较低等的弱点,提出了一种动态自适应学习和动态随机搜索机制的改进教与学优化算法。首先,在教师的教学过程中,引入一个线性变化的动态学习因子,来调整在迭代寻优过程中学生自身知识对本次学习的贡献价值。其次,为了提高算法的解精度,教师个体将执行动态随机搜索算法以加强对种群内的最优个体所在解空间的勘探。在14个标准测试函数上进行仿真实验,将所提算法与其他相关算法进行对比,结果表明所提算法不仅在求解精度,而且其收敛速度均优于标准TLBO算法,适合求解较高维的函数优化问题。     

动态多目标优化的预测遗传算法

为了在动态环境中很好地跟踪最优解,考虑动态优化问题的特点,提出一种新的多目标预测遗传算法.首先对 Pareto 前沿面进行聚类以求得解集的质心;其次应用该质心与参考点描述 Pareto 前沿面;再次通过预测方法给出预测点集,使得算法在环境变化后能够有指导地增加种群多样性,以便快速跟踪最优解;最后应用标准动态测试问题进行算法测试,仿真分析结果表明所提出算法能适应动态环境,快速跟踪 Pareto 前沿面.     

A hybrid immigrants scheme for genetic algorithms in dynamic environments

Dynamic optimization problems are a kind of optimization problems that involve changes over time.They pose a serious challenge to traditional optimization methods as well as conventional genetic algorithms since the goal is no longer to search for the optimal solution(s) of a fixed problem but to track the moving optimum over time.Dynamic optimization problems have attracted a growing interest from the genetic algorithm community in recent years.Several approaches have been developed to enhance the performance of genetic algorithms in dynamic environments.One approach is to maintain the diversity of the population via random immigrants.This paper proposes a hybrid immigrants scheme that combines the concepts of elitism,dualism and random immigrants for genetic algorithms to address dynamic optimization problems.In this hybrid scheme,the best individual,i.e.,the elite,from the previous generation and its dual individual are retrieved as the bases to create immigrants via traditional mutation scheme.These elitism-based and dualism-based immigrants together with some random immigrants are substituted into the current population,replacing the worst individuals in the population.These three kinds of immigrants aim to address environmental changes of slight,medium and significant degrees respectively and hence efficiently adapt genetic algorithms to dynamic environments that are subject to different severities of changes.Based on a series of systematically constructed dynamic test problems,experiments are carried out to investigate the performance of genetic algorithms with the hybrid immigrants scheme and traditional random immigrants scheme.Experimental results validate the efficiency of the proposed hybrid immigrants scheme for improving the performance of genetic algorithms in dynamic environments.     

改进的模糊聚类PCA算法对噪声数据的处理

模糊C均值（FCM）算法是模式识别领域中应用最广的聚类算法之一。但是FCM算法存在很多缺点,其中以对噪声数据敏感,鲁棒性较差最为突出。针对这种情况,许多学者都提出了改进算法。介绍一种改进算法即PCA算法,并对PCA在处理噪声数据方面作出了实践性尝试,实验数据进一步证明了PCA算法的好处,这对合理使用模糊聚类算法提供了一定的理论依据。     

一种动态频谱共享通信系统接入控制算法*

针对动态频谱共享通信系统的MAC设计,设计了集中式网络环境下的MAC帧结构,提出了一种基于接入点延时反馈竞争信道信息的时隙ALOHA访问控制算法。在分析时隙ALOHA算法的稳定性基础上,提出使用倍乘因子与伪贝叶斯算法相结合的方法以保证系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明,当发送概率与实际值相差较大时,该算法能达到快速调整的效果,获得稳定的吞吐量。     

改进聚类排序的多目标优化算法

针对高维多目标优化问题提出一种改进型的聚类排序算法,旨在提升原算法所得解的多样性。对该算法的改进,主要集中在两方面。首先,引入了一种双层权值向量系统。相对于原始权值向量方法,该方法可以建立目标空间当中的内部权值向量。内部向量与边缘权值向量的合并,可以促进整体权值向量的多样性。此外,引入一种新的聚类算子,可避免特定权值向量中附着过多的解。实验结果表明,相对比于原始的聚类排序算法和其他两种对比算法,所提出的算法在不同特性的测试问题上具有较好的性能。     

基于杂合机制的免疫遗传算法在动态问题中的应用

针对遗传算法在求解动态问题时存在多样性缺失,无法快速响应环境变化的问题,提出一种基于杂合子机制的免疫遗传算法．该算法借鉴免疫系统中多样性与记忆机理,从保持等位基因多样性出发,在免疫变异中引入杂合映射机制,使种群能够探索更大的解空间．同时,通过引入记忆策略,使算法迅速跟踪最优解变化轨迹．该方法在动态０-１优化问题的求解中取得了较好的效果．     

A multi-objective genetic algorithm with fuzzy c-means for automatic data clustering

This article presents a multi-objective genetic algorithm which considers the problem of data clustering. A given dataset is automatically assigned into a number of groups in appropriate fuzzy partitions through the fuzzy c-means method. This work has tried to exploit the advantage of fuzzy properties which provide capability to handle overlapping clusters. However, most fuzzy methods are based on compactness and/or separation measures which use only centroid information. The calculation from centroid information only may not be sufficient to differentiate the geometric structures of clusters. The overlap-separation measure using an aggregation operation of fuzzy membership degrees is better equipped to handle this drawback. For another key consideration, we need a mechanism to identify appropriate fuzzy clusters without prior knowledge on the number of clusters. From this requirement, an optimization with single criterion may not be feasible for different cluster shapes. A multi-objective genetic algorithm is therefore appropriate to search for fuzzy partitions in this situation. Apart from the overlap-separation measure, the well-known fuzzy J_m index is also optimized through genetic operations. The algorithm simultaneously optimizes the two criteria to search for optimal clustering solutions. A string of real-coded values is encoded to represent cluster centers. A number of strings with different lengths varied over a range correspond to variable numbers of clusters. These real-coded values are optimized and the Pareto solutions corresponding to a tradeoff between the two objectives are finally produced. As shown in the experiments, the approach provides promising solutions in well-separated, hyperspherical and overlapping clusters from synthetic and real-life data sets. This is demonstrated by the comparison with existing single-objective and multi-objective clustering techniques.     

一种量子行为粒子群优化动态聚类算法*

为了改善量子行为粒子群优化算法的收敛性能,避免粒子早熟问题,提出了一种基于完全学习策略的量子行为粒子群优化算法。由此设计了一种新的数据聚类算法,新的聚类算法通过特殊的粒子编码方式在聚类过程中能够自动确定最佳的聚类数目。在五个测试数据集上与其他两种动态聚类算法进行聚类实验比较,实验结果表明,基于完全学习策略的量子行为粒子群优化动态聚类算法能够获得较好的聚类结果,有着良好的应用前景。     

Multiobjective optimization of trusses using genetic algorithms

In this paper we propose the use of the genetic algorithm (GA) as a tool to solve multiobjective optimization problems in structures. Using the concept of min–max optimum, a new GA-based multiobjective optimization technique is proposed and two truss design problems are solved using it. The results produced by this new approach are compared to those produced by other mathematical programming techniques and GA-based approaches, proving that this technique generates better trade-offs and that the genetic algorithm can be used as a reliable numerical optimization tool.     

Evolving dynamic Bayesian networks with Multi-objective genetic algorithms

A dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) is a probabilistic network that models interdependent entities that change over time. Given example sequences of multivariate data, we use a genetic algorithm to synthesize a network structure that models the causal relationships that explain the sequence. We use a multi-objective evaluation strategy with a genetic algorithm. The multi-objective criteria are a network's probabilistic score and structural complexity score. Our use of Pareto ranking is ideal for this application, because it naturally balances the effect of the likelihood and structural simplicity terms used in the BIC network evaluation heuristic. We use a basic structural scoring formula, which tries to keep the number of links in the network approximately equivalent to the number of variables. We also use a simple representation that favors sparsely connected networks similar in structure to those modeling biological phenomenon. Our experiments show promising results when evolving networks ranging from 10 to 30 variables, using a maximal connectivity of between 3 and 4 parents per node. The results from the multi-objective GA were superior to those obtained with a single objective GA. Brian J. Ross is a professor of computer science at Brock University, where he has worked since 1992. He obtained his BCSc at the University of Manitoba, Canada, in 1984, his M.Sc. at the University of British Columbia, Canada, in 1988, and his Ph.D. at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1992. His research interests include evolutionary computation, language induction, concurrency, and logic programming. He is also interested in computer applications in the fine arts. Eduardo Zuviria received a BS degree in Computer Science from Brock University in 2004 and a MS degree in Computer Science from Queen's University in 2006 where he held jobs as teacher and research assistant. Currently, he is attending a Ph.D. program at the University of Montreal. He holds a diploma in electronics from a technical college and has worked for eight years in the computer industry as a software developer and systems administrator. He has received several scholarships including the Ontario Graduate Scholarship, Queen's Graduate Scholarship and a NSERC- USRA scholarship.     

一类动态非线性约束优化问题的新解法

动态非线性约束优化是一类复杂的动态优化问题,其求解的困难主要在于如何处理问题的约束及时间（环境）变量。给出了一类定义在离散时间（环境）空间上的动态非线性约束优化问题的新解法,从问题的约束条件出发构造了一个新的动态熵函数,利用此函数将原优化问题转化成了两个目标的动态优化问题。进一步设计了新的杂交算子和带局部搜索的变异算子,提出了一种新的多目标优化求解进化算法。通过对两个动态非线性约束优化问题的计算仿真,表明该算法是有效的。     

Multiobjective topology optimization of structures using genetic algorithms with chromosome repairing

In this work, a genetic algorithm (GA) for multiobjective topology optimization of linear elastic structures is developed. Its purpose is to evolve an evenly distributed group of solutions to determine the optimum Pareto set for a given problem. The GA determines a set of solutions to be sorted by its domination properties and a filter is defined to retain the Pareto solutions. As an equality constraint on volume has to be enforced, all chromosomes used in the genetic GA must generate individuals with the same volume value; in the coding adopted, this means that they must preserve the same number of “ones” and, implicitly, the same number of “zeros” along the evolutionary process. It is thus necessary: (1) to define chromosomes satisfying this propriety and (2) to create corresponding crossover and mutation operators which preserve volume. Optimal solutions of each of the single-objective problems are introduced in the initial population to reduce computational effort and a repairing mechanism is developed to increase the number of admissible structures in the populations. Also, as the work of the external loads can be calculated independently for each individual, parallel processing was used in its evaluation. Numerical applications involving two and three objective functions in 2D and two objective functions in 3D are employed as tests for the computational model developed. Moreover, results obtained with and without chromosome repairing are compared.