利用验潮站数据进行三种潮汐模型的精度分析

采用全球分布的565个验潮站水位资料对NAO.99b,CSR4.0和TPXO7.2三种潮汐模型进行精度评估。结果表明:在全球海洋范围内,NAO.99b模型精度最高;在黄海海域,TPXO7.2模型的精度最高;在东海和南海海域,则是NAO.99b模型最优;在深海海域,三种模型精度差异不大;在浅海海域,采用同化方法的潮汐模型比采用经验方法的潮汐模型更有优势。     

一站多能理念下的验潮站建设实践

2016年,海南省海洋监测预报中心在海南岛沿岸按照“一站多能”理念建设了5个长期验潮站点。本次建设对验潮站外观设计、验潮站传统观测功能外延等方面进行了新的尝试：（1）利用验潮站的外观设计和空间布局建立了海洋科普教育基地,以便更好地开展海洋知识科普宣传活动;（2）增设温盐井和水质监测井,增强验潮站的海洋观监测功能;（3）建立亮化式带声光报警功能的四色警戒潮位标志物、LED显示屏和高清摄像系统等软、硬件设施,以此建立验潮站观测预警综合管理指挥决策平台。以上探索使得验潮站能够在完成海洋监测主体任务的基础上更好地服务周边群众,同时及时将灾害现场的信息反馈到指挥决策中心,有助于建立政府应急指挥与群众避险自救相结合的防灾减灾机制,进一步完善灾害预警监测体系。     

我国沿海长期验潮（海平面监测）站的建立和建议

叙述了长期验潮（海平面监测）站的要求和条件,介绍了光国沿长长期验潮站的有关情况和问题以及与水准点的关系,并提出我国海平面监测站的合理布局建议。     

利用长期验潮信息订正中期验潮站的调和常数

发现了由一个月逐时潮位观测资料调和分析求得的调和常数与年资料观测序列分析结果存在的明显偏差,而且这种偏差在同步观测的邻近验潮站之间具有一定的相关性。设计并实现了由长期验潮站观测资料或分析结果订正月观测资料调和常数的三种算法,实例验证了订正效果。     

中国沿海验潮站及其邻近地区陆地垂直运动分析

利用中国沿岸验潮站GNSS和邻近地区陆态网络GNSS基准站观测数据,结合卫星高度计和验潮站海平面观测数据分析了中国沿海验潮站及其邻近地区陆地垂直运动特征。中国沿海海平面观测以及验潮站和陆态网GNSS基准站观测结果显示,中国沿海省区市及沿海验潮站陆地垂直运动总体表现为：辽宁至江苏沿海上升、上海至福建泉州沿海沉降、福建厦门至广西沿海升降交替的格局,局部滨海平原地区如华北平原天津南部、河北平原的沧县则表现出显著的沉降特征。验潮站陆地的抬升与沉降是沿海相对海平面变化的重要组成部分,准确掌握验潮站及其邻近区域的陆地垂直运动特征,可为沿海相对海平面变化分析、海平面变化影响评估以及未来海平面上升预测提供依据。     

港外水域虚拟验潮站水位推算研究

港口航道图测绘期间出于潮位控制的需要,除了利用长期验潮站外需要另设其他短期/临时验潮站。如何深入利用常设短期验潮站积累的历史水位资料以有效减少验潮工作量,已成为海洋测绘实践需解决的现实课题。基于港口长期验潮站与常设短期验潮站的历史同步实测水位资料,采用潮汐差分订正与余水位传递技术,实现了一种精度可靠的港外水域虚拟验潮站水位恢复方法。归纳了港口短期验潮站进行潮汐差分订正的适用条件,列出了采用该种虚拟水位技术恢复水位方法的计算步骤。实例验证及精度评估表明,经潮汐差分订正后的虚拟验潮站采用“天文潮位+邻近验潮站传递余水位法”恢复水位的推算精度,可以满足相关技术规范要求。     

越南沿海若干验潮站长期观测资料的潮汐分析

为掌握越南沿海潮汐分布特征和变化规律,利用越南沿海HONDAU、HONNGU、DANANG、QUYNHON、VUNGTAU和RACHGIA共6个验潮站长期观测资料进行了调和分析,计算了主要分潮O1、P1、K1、Q1、M2、S2、N2、K2以及交点分潮Mn等长周期分潮的调和常数。计算结果表明,越南沿海地区潮汐特征复杂,极易受季节性海平面变化的影响。分析得到的18.61年交点分潮Mn空间分布不均匀,且明显高于其理论平衡潮振幅,可能与非潮汐低频海平面变化有关。     

HY-2A测高数据对重力异常反演精度的影响分析

通过联合HY-2A、TP、Envisat卫星的高度计数据,分析HY-2A测高数据对中国南海重力异常影响。首先,将HY-2A和TP、Envisat数据进行对比,通过共线处理和交叉点平差前后的不符值RMS统计分析表明,HY-2A数据精度优于TP变轨后及Envisat数据精度;利用逆Venning-Meinesz公式分别计算中国南海海域(0°~23°N,103°E~120°E)15'×15'的重力异常,将反演结果与船测结果对比,HY-2A数据加入反演得到的重力异常精度在±6.13m Gal,其精度要优于没有HY-2A反演得到的结果,并分析反演重力异常与船测重力差值分布规律。结果表明,HY-2A数据对于提高海洋重力异常计算精度具有一定意义。     

验潮站的布设和潮位资料应用中若干问题的初步探讨

本文对我国目前验潮站的布设现状进行了评析，并对站址的选择及潮位资料的处理和应用进行了初步探讨。提出了验潮站设置的若干基本原则和潮位观测及资料应用的注意事项，从而对经济建设和科学研究具有一定的意义。     

Preliminary results of the global ocean tide derived from HY-2A radar altimeter data

The HY-2A satellite, which is equipped with a radar altimeter and was launched on August 16, 2011, is the first Chinese marine dynamic environmental monitoring satellite. Extracting ocean tides is one of the important applications of the radar altimeter data. The radar altimeter data of the HY-2A satellite from November 1, 2011 to August 16, 2014 are used herein to extract global ocean tides. The constants representing the tidal constituents are extracted by HY-2A RA data with harmonic analysis ...     

Accuracy assessment of global ocean tide models in the South China Sea using satellite altimeter and tide gauge data

In this study, to meet the need for accurate tidal prediction, the accuracy of global ocean tide models was assessed in the South China Sea(0°–26°N, 99°–121°E). Seven tide models, namely, DTU10, EOT11 a, FES2014, GOT4.8,HAMTIDE12, OSU12 and TPXO8, were considered. The accuracy of eight major tidal constituents(i.e., Q₁, O₁, P₁,K₁, N₂, M₂, S₂ and K₂) were assessed for the shallow water and coastal areas based ...     

基于GNSS浮标和验潮资料的HY-2A卫星高度计绝对定标

为探测我国HY-2A卫星高度计海面高测量绝对偏差及其在轨运行状态,本文利用GNSS浮标星下点同步测量和验潮资料海面高传递方法在山东千里岩和珠海担杆岛海域开展定标研究。为验证GNSS浮标定标方法的准确性,还对国外卫星Jason-2和Saral进行了定标实验。实验表明GNSS浮标绝对海面高测量精度达2 cm,对Jason-2和Saral高度计多个周期定标得到的海面高偏差均值分别为5.7 cm和-2.3 cm,与国际专门定标场的结果符合较好。2014年9月和2015年5月HY-2A卫星高度计浮标定标结果分别是-65 cm和-91 cm,因两次结果差异显著,故又利用千里岩验潮站资料对HY-2A卫星高度计第56至73周期进行了定标分析,结果证明HY-2A卫星海面高存在约-51 cm/a的漂移,置信度为95%的回归分析表明浮标和验潮定标结果符合。本文研究结果表明在我国尚无专门定标场的情况下,可利用GNSS浮标对我国高度计实施灵活、精准的在轨绝对定标,在有高度计轨迹经过验潮站的情况下可使用验潮资料结合精密大地水准面模型进行绝对定标。     

HY-2A卫星海面高度数据质量评估

对HY-2A卫星雷达高度计数据进行筛选获取有效的观测点,利用HY-2A卫星第18~23周期数据和同时在轨的Jason-2数据进行交叉点选取,对两颗卫星在交叉点海面高度异常值的差值进行统计与分析,提出了基于交叉点差值统计特征的筛除HY-2A轨道数据方法,评估了HY-2A卫星雷达高度数据质量。结果显示,HY-2A卫星18~23周期阈值筛选去除的点个数占总海洋观测点约12%,HY-2A海面高度异常与Jason-2海面高度异常的标准偏差在7.0 cm,数据精度满足设计精度要求。     

HY-2A卫星雷达高度计数据的全球统计评价及质量分析

自HY-2A卫星发射以来,针对HY-2A卫星雷达高度计产品的交叉定标、真实性检验及质量评估工作一直在持续开展。本文主要以HY-2A卫星高度计第44周期的IGDR产品数据为例,通过使用全球分布图、二维直方图和每日均值统计的方法完成了与Jason-2IGDR产品的比对验证,同时对主要环境校正参数及地球物理产品的数据质量稳定性进行了分析,结果显示高度计产品数据质量较稳定,此外利用HY-2A卫星升降轨交叉点海面高度差、与Jason-2卫星交叉点海面高度差以及沿轨海平面异常数据分析的方法进行了HY-2A卫星高度计观测系统的性能评估,结果显示,HY-2A卫星海面高度精度约为7.48cm,精度接近Jason-2,能满足海洋应用与科学研究的需要。     

HY-2A卫星高度计有效波高信息提取业务化算法

2011年8月16日我国成功发射了第一颗自主海洋动力环境卫星HY-2A,有效波高是其搭载的雷达高度计可获取的重要海洋动力环境参数之一。本文详细介绍了应用于HY-2A雷达高度计的有效波高信息提取业务化算法,该算法通过迭代最小二乘拟合方法提取有效波高信息。同时,基于HY-2A雷达高度计业务化运行获取的有效波高数据,分别与Jason-2卫星高度计有效波高和NDBC浮标海浪波高数据进行了比对分析。比较结果表明,HY-2A雷达高度计与Jason-2有效波高的标准偏差为-0.26m,RMS为0.58m;HY-2A高度计与NDBC浮标数据间的标准偏差为-0.22m,RMS为0.37m。结果证明了目前应用于HY-2A雷达高度计业务化运行中的有效波高信息提取算法的可行性。     

HY-2A/GM高度计数据反演的初步海洋重力场

HY-2 A(Haiyang-2 A), launched in 2011, is the first ocean dynamic environment satellite of China and is equipped with a radar altimeter as one of the primary payloads. HY-2 A shifted the drift orbit in March 2016 and has been accumulating geodetic mission(GM) data for more than three years with 168-day cycle. In this paper, we present the preliminary gravity field inverted by the HY-2 A/GM data from March 2016 to December 2017 near Taiwan(21°–26°N, 119°–123°E). The gravity anomaly is computed by Inverse Vening Meinesz(IVM) formula with a onedimensional FFT method during remove-restore procedure with the EGM2008 gravity model as the reference field. For comparison, CryoSat-2 altimeter data are used to inverse the gravity field near Taiwan Island by the same method. Comparing with the gravity field derived from CryoSat-2, a good agreement between the two data sets is found. The global ocean gravity models and National Geophysical Data Center(NGDC) shipboard gravity data also are used to assess the performance of HY-2 A/GM data. The evaluations show that HY-2 A and CryoSat-2 are at the same level in terms of gravity field recovery and the HY-2 A/GM altimeter-derived gravity field has an accuracy of 2.922 mGal. Therefore, we can believe that HY-2 A will be a new reliable data source for marine gravity field inversion and has the potentiality to improve the accuracy and resolution of the global marine gravity field.     

中国HY-2卫星雷达高度计有效波高真实性检验

Chinese Haiyang-2(HY-2) satellite is the first Chinese marine dynamic environment satellite. The dual-frequency(Ku and C band) radar altimeter onboard HY-2 has been working effective to provide operational significant wave height(SWH) for more than three years(October 1, 2011 to present).We validated along-track Ku-band SWH data of HY-2 satellite against National Data Buoy Center(NDBC) in-situ measurements over a time period of three years from October 1, 2011 to September 30, 2014, the root mean square error(RMSE) and mean bias of HY-2SWH is 0.38 m and(–0.13±0.35) m, respectively. We also did cross validation against Jason-2 altimeter SWH data,the RMSE and the mean bias is 0.36 m and(–0.22±0.28) m, respectively. In order to compare the statistical results between HY-2 and Jason-2 satellite SWH data, we validated the Jason-2 satellite radar altimeter along-track Ku-band SWH data against NDBC measurements using the same method. The results demonstrate the validation method in this study is scientific and the RMSE and mean bias of Jason-2 SWH data is 0.26 m and(0.00±0.26) m,respectively. We also validated both HY-2 and Jason-2 SWH data every month, the mean bias of Jason-2 SWH data almost equaled to zero all the time, while the mean bias of HY-2 SWH data was no less than –0.31 m before April2013 and dropped to zero after that time. These results indicate that the statistical results for HY-2 altimeter SWH are reliable and HY-2 altimeter along-track SWH data were steady and of high quality in the last three years. The results also indicate that HY-2 SWH data have greatly been improved and have the same accuracy with Jason-2SWH data after April, 2013. SWH data provided by HY-2 satellite radar altimeter are useful and acceptable for ocean operational applications.     

基于珠海万山定标场沿岸验潮仪的HY-2B雷达高度计定标研究

随着我国海洋二号B卫星(HY-2B)于2018年10月发射成功,国家卫星海洋应用中心于珠海万山进行了HY-2B的在轨测试。试验利用沿岸验潮仪,在珠海万山直湾岛HY-2B过境轨道375的星下点附近进行了由2018年11月3日至12月12日的验潮仪定标试验。在试验期间,HY-2B共重访定标场星下点3次,定标结果表明：3个周期的HY-2B雷达高度计测量海面高度定标结果良好,定标参数分别为(3.06±3.48) cm、(2.85±1.03) cm、−7.41 cm;定标参数在前3个周期存在一定漂移,需要后续的定标工作以确定漂移原因。     

First six months quality assessment of HY-2A SCAT wind products using in situ measurements

The first Chinese microwave ocean environment satellite HY-2A, carrying a Ku-band scatteromenter （SCAT）, was successfully launched in August 2011. The first quality assessment of HY-2A SCAT wind products is presented through the comparison of the first 6 months operationally released SCAT products with in situ data. The in situ winds from the National Data Buoy Center （NDBC） buoys, R/V Polarstern, Aurora Australis, Roger Revelle and PY30-1 oil platform, were converted to the 10 m equivalent neutral winds. The temporal and spatial differences between the HY-2A SCAT and the in situ observations were limited to less than 5 min and 12.5 km. For HY-2A SCAT wind speed products, the comparison and analysis using the NDBC buoys yield a bias of-0.49 m/s, a root mean square error （RMSE） of 1.3 m/s and an increase negative bias with increasing wind speed observation above 3 m/s. Although less accurate of HY-2A SCAT wind direction at low winds, the RMSE of 19.19° with a bias of 0.92° is found for wind speeds higher than 3 m/s. These results are found consistent with those from R/Vs and oil platform comparisons. Moreover, the NDBC buoy comparison results also suggest that the accuracy of HY-2A SCAT winds is consistent over the first half year of 2012. The encouraging assessment results over the first 6 months show that wind products from HY-2A SCAT will be useful for scientific community.