Automatic identification of music performers with learning ensembles

This article addresses the problem of identifying the most likely music performer, given a set of performances of the same piece by a number of skilled candidate pianists. We propose a set of very simple features for representing stylistic characteristics of a music performer, introducing ‘norm-based’ features that relate to a kind of ‘average’ performance. A database of piano performances of 22 pianists playing two pieces by Frédéric Chopin is used in the presented experiments. Due to the limitations of the training set size and the characteristics of the input features we propose an ensemble of simple classifiers derived by both subsampling the training set and subsampling the input features. Experiments show that the proposed features are able to quantify the differences between music performers. The proposed ensemble can efficiently cope with multi-class music performer recognition under inter-piece conditions, a difficult musical task, displaying a level of accuracy unlikely to be matched by human listeners (under similar conditions).     

Classifying mental tasks based on features of higher-order statistics from EEG signals in brain-computer interface

In order to characterize the non-Gaussian information contained within the EEG signals, a new feature extraction method based on bispectrum is proposed and applied to the classification of right and left motor imagery for developing EEG-based brain-computer interface systems. The experimental results on the Graz BCI data set have shown that based on the proposed features, a LDA classifier, SVM classifier and NN classifier outperform the winner of the BCI 2003 competition on the same data set in terms of either the mutual information, the competition criterion, or misclassification rate.     

Data gravitation based classification

Data gravitation based classification (DGC) is a novel data classification technique based on the concept of data gravitation. The basic principle of DGC algorithm is to classify data samples by comparing the data gravitation between the different data classes. In the DGC model, a kind of “force” called data gravitation between two data samples is computed. Data from the same class are combined as a result of gravitation. On the other hand, data gravitation between different data classes can be compared. A larger gravitation from a class means the data sample belongs to a particular class. One outstanding advantage of the DGC, in comparison with other classification algorithms is its simple classification principle with high performance. This makes the DGC algorithm much easier to be implemented. Feature selection plays an important role in classification problems and a novel feature selection algorithm is investigated based on the idea of DGC and weighted features. The proposed method is validated by using 12 well-known classification data sets from UCI machine learning repository. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed method is very efficient for data classification and feature selection.     

基于行为特征分析的微博恶意用户识别

近年来,社交网络数据挖掘作为物理网络空间数据挖掘的一大热点,目前在用户行为分析、兴趣识别、产品推荐等方面都取得了令人可喜的成果。随着社交网络商业契机的到来,出现了很多恶意用户及恶意行为,给数据挖掘的效果产生了极大的影响。基于此,提出基于用户行为特征分析的恶意用户识别方法,该方法引入主成分分析方法对微博网络用户行为数据进行挖掘,对各维度特征的权重进行排序,选取前六维主成分特征可以有效识别恶意用户,主成分特征之间拟合出的新特征也能提升系统的识别性能。实验结果表明,引入的方法对微博用户特征进行了有效的排序,很好地识别出了微博社交网络中的恶意用户,为其他方向的社交网络数据挖掘提供了良好的数据清洗技术。     

A comparative study of wavelet families for EEG signal classification

Over the past two decades, wavelet theory has been used for the processing of biomedical signals for feature extraction, compression and de-noising applications. However the question as to which wavelet family is the most suitable for analysis of non-stationary bio-signals is still prevalent among researchers. This paper attempts to find the most useful wavelet function among the existing members of the wavelet families for electroencephalogram signal (EEG) analysis. The EEGs considered for this study belong to both normal as well as abnormal signals like epileptic EEG. Important features such as energy, entropy and standard deviation at different sub-bands were computed using the wavelet functions—Haar, Daubechies (orders 2-10), Coiflets (orders 1-10), and Biorthogonal (orders 1.1, 2.4, 3.5, and 4.4). Feature vectors were used to model and train the Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) and the classification accuracies were evaluated for each case. The results obtained from PNN classifier were compared with Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. From the statistical analysis, it was found that Coiflets 1 is the most suitable candidate among the wavelet families considered in this study for accurate classification of the EEG signals. In this work, we have attempted to improve the computing efficiency as it selects the most suitable wavelet function that can be used for EEG signal processing efficiently and accurately with lesser computational time.     

Automatic recognition of epileptic EEG patterns via Extreme Learning Machine and multiresolution feature extraction

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders- approximately one in every 100 people worldwide are suffering from it. In this paper, a novel pattern recognition model is presented for automatic epilepsy diagnosis. Wavelet transform is investigated to decompose EEG into five EEG frequency bands which approximate to delta (δ), theta (θ), alpha (α), beta (β), and gamma (γ) bands. Complexity based features such as permutation entropy (PE), sample entropy (SampEn), and the Hurst exponent (HE) are extracted from both the original EEG signals and each of the frequency bands. The wavelet-based methodology separates the alterations in PE, SampEn, and HE in specific frequency bands of the EEG. The effectiveness of these complexity based measures in discriminating between normal brain state and brain state during the absence of seizures is evaluated using the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). It is discovered that although there exists no significant differences in the feature values extracted from the original EEG signals, differences can be recognized when the features are examined within specific EEG frequency bands. A genetic algorithm (GA) is developed to choose feature subsets that are effective for enhancing the recognition performance. The GA is also examined for weight alteration for both sensitivity and specificity. The results show that the abnormal EEG diagnosis rate of the model without the involvement of the genetic algorithm is 85.9%. However, the diagnosis rate of the model increases to 94.2% when the genetic algorithm is integrated as a feature selector.     

基于经验模态分解和SVM的脑电信号分类方法

脑电信号的非线性、非平稳性造成对运动想象脑电信号的分类识别存在特征提取困难、可区分性低以及分类识别性能差等问题。本文提出一种基于经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition, EMD)和支撑向量机(Support Vector Machine, SVM)的运动想象脑电信号分类方法,充分利用EMD算法在处理非线性、非平稳信号的自适应性以及SVM在小样本条件的高识别性能和强泛化能力。首先利用EMD算法将C3、C4导联信号分解为一系列本征模函数(Intrinsic Mode Function, IMF),然后从IMF的信息和能量等维度提取特征将脑电信号转换至区分性更强的特征域,最后利用SVM进行分类识别。采用国际BCI竞赛2003中的Graz数据进行验证,所提方法可以得到94.6%的正确识别率,为在线脑-机接口系统的研究提供了新的思路。     

基于数据挖掘的恶意代码检测综述

数据挖掘是一种基于统计学的自动发掘数据规律的方法,它能通过分析海量样本的统计规律来建立判别模型,从而让攻击者难以掌握免杀的规律,近年来得到了广泛关注和快速发展。综述了数据挖掘技术应用于恶意代码检测领域所取得的研究成果;对所涉及的特征提取、特征选择、分类模型及其性能评估方法等方面的研究成果进行了深入分析和比较;最后提出了基于数据挖掘的恶意代码检测所面临的挑战,并对研究方向进行了展望。     

基于眼动辅助脑电信号的手部动作分类方法

提出一种利用小波包变换和支持向量机对手部动作的运动想象脑电信号进行分类的方法。在相关眼动辅助情况下采集想象手部动作时的C3、C4 、P3和P4通道脑电信号,用小波包变换的方法提取4种特征节律波,分别计算每种节律波能量占4种节律波能量之和的比值作为特征,然后将16维特征向量输入支持向量机分类器进行手部动作分类。对上翻、下翻、展拳、握拳4种手部动作的分类实验中平均识别率为82。3%,表明眼动辅助能有效提高运动想象脑电信号可分性。     

术语关系自动抽取方法研究

将术语关系抽取转化为分类问题,给出了基于机器学习的术语关系自动抽取流程。针对现有产生式和判定学习算法的缺点,提出了混合分类算法HC。该算法使得一部分特征值通过训练数据估计而来,另一部分特征值通过判定函数训练得到。实验结果表明,该算法优于原来的产生式学习算法和判断学习算法,在人工标注的小训练集上获得了较好的分类效果。     

基于随机森林算法的推荐系统的设计与实现

如今随着推荐系统势头的加强,如何对用户行为进行快速而准确的预测变得愈加重要。通过分析网上社区帖子的点赞和点踩数据,实现了基于随机森林的推荐系统。该系统将实际问题转化为分类模型,并实现了数据处理、特征提取和参数调整。同时,该系统还对用户浏览帖子后是否产生交互行为进行了预测。最后,通过实验仿真并利用F1值对实验结果进行评估。实验结果证明了系统的有效性和效率。     

FSL-SP的研究

在机器学习领域,特征选择对于提高学习机器的性能和效率具有重要意义,但是当前特征选择算法普遍存在着具体实现独立性强、可扩展性差的问题,使得对多种算法性能的统一对比评估实施困难,算法的替换和扩展比较复杂。以面向对象的设计理念为指导,基于设计模式中的策略模式,提出特征选择算法工具库FSL的设计构想,通过将一些常用的特征选择算法按照策略模式进行包装,以便机器学习算法用户的使用,同时确保其较强的可扩展性。     

蛋白质亚细胞定位预测的机器学习方法

蛋白质亚细胞定位与其功能密切相关.蛋白质在细胞中的正确定位是细胞系统高度有序运转的前提保障.研究细胞中蛋白质定位的机制和规律,预测蛋白质的亚细胞定位,时于了解蛋白质的性质和功能,了解蛋白质之间的相互作用,探索生命的规律和奥秘具有重要意义.基于机器学习方法的蛋白质亚细胞定位预测是生物信息学研究的热点之一.从数据集的建立、蛋白质序列特征刻画和蛋白质亚细胞定位预测算法3个方面,总结和评述了在过去十几年里机器学习方法在蛋白质亚细胞定位研究中的应用情况和取得的成果,分析了机器学习方法在蛋白质亚细胞定位预测方面存在的问题和面临的挑战,指出了蛋白质亚细胞定位研究的主要方向.     

基于脑电网络图特征的情绪识别研究

针对情绪脑电信号提出一种网络图特征学习与情绪识别算法。首先,利用情绪脑电数据构建对应的情绪脑电网络;其次,在由情绪脑电网络尺度定义的高维空间构建脑电网络样本间的局部邻接关系图以挖掘样本集的分布特性,进而得到样本集的图拉普拉斯矩阵;在此基础上,进一步利用谱图理论对情绪脑电网络的最优低维空间映射进行求解,在保留原始样本局部邻接关系的前提下实现对情绪脑电网络的降维与重新表达,并将每个情绪脑电网络样本表示成1组脑电网络特征集;最后利用提取到的情绪脑电网络特征集,结合支持向量机分类学习算法,针对情绪识别任务进行识别模型的训练和学习,实现对情绪状态的准确解码与识别。在国际公开情绪脑电数据集的实验结果表明：相较于传统情绪识别算法,本文所提方法能有效提升情绪识别准确率,在基于公开数据集的多类情绪识别任务中分别达到91.85%（SEED数据集, 3类）、79.36%（MAHNOB-HCI数据集,3类）和79%（DEAP数据集,4类）的稳健识别效果。     

脑电情绪识别的深度学习研究综述

情绪是情感的外在体现,影响人类的认知、感知、理性决策等日常活动.情绪识别作为实现计算机全面智能的一项基础任务,在情感计算和人机交互领域被深入研究和广泛应用.相比面部表情、语音或其他生理信号,利用脑电进行情绪识别具有时间分辨率高、成本低、识别效果好、可靠性高的优势.近年来,越来越多的深度学习框架被应用于基于脑电信号的情绪识别,并取得了比传统机器学习方法更加优异的效果.基于深度脑电特征的情绪识别是当前的研究热点之一,也具有一定的挑战性.目前,可供参考的针对此研究热点的综述文献较少.对近年来国内外相关文献进行调研分析,从模型输入、深度框架、实验设置、实验结果等方面对深度学习在基于脑电的情绪识别中的应用研究做了总结概况,并在DEAP和SEED这两个公开的脑电-情绪数据集上对具有代表性的方法进行了定性和定量的多方面对比,分析和总结这些方法的不足,同时也对未来可能的研究方向进行了展望.     

A random forest classifier for lymph diseases

Machine learning-based classification techniques provide support for the decision-making process in many areas of health care, including diagnosis, prognosis, screening, etc. Feature selection (FS) is expected to improve classification performance, particularly in situations characterized by the high data dimensionality problem caused by relatively few training examples compared to a large number of measured features. In this paper, a random forest classifier (RFC) approach is proposed to diagnose lymph diseases. Focusing on feature selection, the first stage of the proposed system aims at constructing diverse feature selection algorithms such as genetic algorithm (GA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Relief-F, Fisher, Sequential Forward Floating Search (SFFS) and the Sequential Backward Floating Search (SBFS) for reducing the dimension of lymph diseases dataset. Switching from feature selection to model construction, in the second stage, the obtained feature subsets are fed into the RFC for efficient classification. It was observed that GA-RFC achieved the highest classification accuracy of 92.2%. The dimension of input feature space is reduced from eighteen to six features by using GA.     

稳定分布噪声环境下的EEG-MUSIC源定位

EEG作为一种无损的新医学技术近几年已经被广泛地研究,EEG-MUSIC是一种基于EEG的脑源病灶空间定位算法,它只能在高斯噪声下工作。特殊情况下的脑电传感器阵列数据中可能伴有一种强脉冲噪声,这种噪声可以用α稳定分布描述。稳定分布噪声环境下,传统的EEG-RAP-MUSIC失效。为此用FLOM矩阵代替自相关矩阵,提出了一种适合稳定分布噪声环境的脑源定位新方法FLOM-EEG-RAP-MUSIC。计算机仿真表明,所提出的方法能较好地在稳定分布噪声环境下工作,具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Learning feature-projection based classifiers

This paper aims at designing better performing feature-projection based classification algorithms and presents two new such algorithms. These algorithms are batch supervised learning algorithms and represent induced classification knowledge as feature intervals. In both algorithms, each feature participates in the classification by giving real-valued votes to classes. The prediction for an unseen example is the class receiving the highest vote. The first algorithm, OFP.MC, learns on each feature pairwise disjoint intervals which minimize feature classification error. The second algorithm, GFP.MC, constructs feature intervals by greedily improving the feature classification error. The new algorithms are empirically evaluated on twenty datasets from the UCI repository and are compared with the existing feature-projection based classification algorithms (FIL.IF, VFI5, CFP, k-NNFP, and NBC). The experiments demonstrate that the OFP.MC algorithm outperforms other feature-projection based classification algorithms. The GFP.MC algorithm is slightly inferior to the OFP.MC algorithm, but, if it is used for datasets with large number of instances, then it reduces the space requirement of the OFP.MC algorithm. The new algorithms are insensitive to boundary noise unlike the other feature-projection based classification algorithms considered here.