岩石泊松比的应力依赖性

为了揭示泊松比的影响因素及现行测试方法存在的问题，阐述了岩石变形的阶段性和泊松比的主要影响因素，指出了岩石泊松比存在应力依赖性。通过单轴压缩试验、不同应力路径的加卸载试验，研究了标准岩石试样的泊松比在无侧限受压变形过程中的变化规律。试验发现，泊松比与应力水平密切相关，割线泊松比、切线泊松比和平均泊松比均随应力水平的提升而单调增大，卸载阶段的泊松比较加载阶段更为稳定，受应力水平的影响小。基于试验结果讨论了泊松比测试与取值方法，指出现行的基于单轴加载的测试方法的结果缺乏稳定性，与泊松比弹性常数的定义不符，如何获取岩石材料真实的弹性泊松效应值得进一步研究。     

大型输水管道的光弹性应力分析

本文介绍某输水工程中,大型地下输水管道的光弹性应力分析问题。在同时考虑回填土荷重,外部基础渗水,以及混凝土输水管自重条件下,确定输水管周边和指定载面的应力分布,实验中采用离心加载和中温冻结。较理想地解决了模型实验和实物之间的相似关系。用简支梁代替圆盘标定,解决了载荷放大倍数低时,确定材料冻结条纹值的问题。也提及应力分析和弯矩的计算问题。     

不同应力水平下砂岩力学特性的试验研究

为了探讨循环加载下应力水平对岩石力学特性的影响,利用WDT-1500材料试验机,对砂岩进行不同应力上限、不同应力下限、相同应力幅值和不同荷载频率条件下循环加载试验,对比分析不同加载条件下砂岩的力学特性,揭示了砂岩的动弹性模量和动泊松比随循环次数的演化规律,及随应力水平和应力幅值的变化规律。试验结果表明:砂岩的屈服应力是其在循环加载过程中力学特性出现变化的一个分界点,在分界点之上或之下动弹性模量和动泊松比的变化规律是不相同的;对于同一砂岩试样,动弹性模量和动泊松比随加载频率的增大而增大,随着应力幅值的增大而减小,并且应力幅值相同时,动弹性模量与应力水平具有一定的线性关系。     

低泊松比光弹性材料的实验研究

减低模型材料在临界温度下的泊松比μ和简化模型的固化程序一直是光弹性冻结法中重要的研究课题。本文给出了用六种环氧树脂和两种固化剂在不同条件下所作的研究结果。实验表明,在室温下固化的三种模型材料,其泊松比可降至0.45数量级,并且冻结条纹无松弛。     

变弹模光弹模拟中的层面温度的约束应力—Ⅲ.层面温度约束应力的消除方法

本文在温度约束应力产生的内在机理基础上,通过对变弹模光模光型冻结和退火过程中应力条纹图的观测比较,论证了温度约束应力条纹图的稳定性以及二维、三维模型层面温度约束的等效性,从而提出了模型实验中消除温度约束应力影响的“单一模型”法,并给出了该方法条纹参数叠加形式的表达式,这对消除岩体结构工程变弹模光弹模拟中温度约束应力的影响,提高实验精度具有重要意义。     

沥青路面黏弹性泊松比近似方法的比较

为了准确应用黏弹性泊松比分析沥青路面在车轮荷载作用下的动态响应,针对3种常用的黏弹性泊松比近似方法进行了比较研究.推导了这3种黏弹性泊松比(随时间变化泊松比、不可压缩泊松比和常数泊松比)的数值关系,进而建立了一种三维沥青路面黏弹性有限元模型,比较分析了不同温度、不同加载时间下,3种黏弹性泊松比近似方法对沥青路面横向正应力响应的影响.结果表明:不可压缩泊松比始终保持为0.5,适用于高温、低频加载条件;常数泊松比始终保持为0.1,适用于低温、高频加载条件;随时间变化泊松比在0.1～0.5之间变化,应用不受温度与加载模式的限制.采用正确的黏弹性泊松比近似方法对于流动性车辙的研究有重要意义.     

加载速率对锈蚀钢筋与混凝土粘结性能的影响

进行了加载速度对锈蚀钢筋与混凝土粘结强度影响的研究分析，试验研究表明高速率加载作用下，构件承载力，破坏形式，粘结应力分布都与静力加载作用下的结果有明显不同，较高的锈蚀率使粘结强度下降，较高的加载速率使粘结强度提高，且试验研究表明锈蚀率影响与加载速率影响互不相关，此外结合试验结果和结粘区域破坏过程是马尔柯夫过程的假定，给出了综合考虑锈蚀度，加载速率对粘结强度影响的拟合公式。     

基于加州承载比试验的隧道弃渣颗粒接触力场形状影响因素分析

对级配碎石而言，不同的颗粒表面性质会影响颗粒接触力场形状、大小及梯度，进而改变试样所受约束力。分析CBR试验过程中试样侧板及底板的受力演变，探究试样颗粒细观参数对试样颗粒接触力场及试样约束力的影响。通过对比不同刚度比、摩擦系数与粘结强度（设定其比值为1下）对试样接触力场形状的影响，发现：以刚度比值6为界，随法向刚度的增大，颗粒接触力场长细比先增加后减小；随摩擦系数或粘结强度增大，接触力场长细比相应减小。考虑颗粒相对运动中粘结强度比中法向及切向参数作用不同，以粘结强度比4为界，随法向粘结强度增大，其接触力场长细比先增加后减小；随切向粘结强度增大，所得接触力场长细比变化趋势则为先减小后增加。可为研究隧道弃渣制成的级配碎石颗粒细观参数与其接触力场形状间关联性提供一定参考     

循环应力对储气库岩石微观结构及力学性质影响数值模拟

针对储气库循环注采过程中循环应力对储气库岩石产生疲劳损伤的问题。利用颗粒离散元法建立岩心真三轴数值模型,根据岩心室内试验标定数值模型参数,然后对数值模型进行多周期等幅值轴向循环应力加载,研究循环应力对储气库岩石微观结构及力学性质的影响。结果表明:循环应力加载过程中,模型内生成的无黏结接触数量和微裂缝数量逐渐增多,而生成位置受原始裂缝控制明显,模型孔隙度逐渐减小,且模型内无黏结接触数量、微裂缝数量和孔隙度的变化速率均呈递减趋势;相同应力水平下模型侧向应变和轴向应变均增大,但侧向应变占主导地位;模型弹性模量逐渐降低,而模型泊松比和损伤量逐渐增加,且模型弹性模量、泊松比和损伤量的变化速率均呈递减趋势。     

考虑界面应力时含椭圆孔正交异性材料的反平面问题研究

研究了远场作用反平面剪切载荷时含纳米椭圆孔正交异性材料问题。基于Gurtin-Murdoch表面/界面理论模型引入界面应力,利用复变弹性理论和保角映射方法,给出了考虑界面应力时含椭圆孔正交异性材料反平面问题的解析解答,获得了应力场的闭合解。研究表明:当椭圆孔在纳米量级时,正交异性材料内应力场受孔隙尺寸影响显著。随着椭圆孔尺寸的增大,界面效应对应力场的影响逐渐减弱,趋近于经典弹性理论的解答。界面效应对正交异性材料内应力场的影响随着材料弹性主方向比55/44的增大逐渐减弱。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the