PFNA和DHS治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折疗效比较

目的：探讨比较PFNA和DHS治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折疗效,探讨内固定选择在高龄股骨粗隆间骨折治疗中的意义。方法同期选择80例高龄股骨粗隆间骨折患者,DHS固定40例,PFNA固定40例,对比两组病例,并进行统计学处理,观察两者的临床效果。结果两组患者在平均手术用时、术中术后出血量、术中术后并发症发生率、骨折愈合时间等方面差异有统计学意义(<0.05),PFNA组优于DHS组;在术后髋关节功能恢复方面两组差异无明显统计学意义(>0.05)。结论 PFNA治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折较DHS设计更合理,操作微创,固定牢固,具有创伤小、出血少、负重早等优点,疗效优于DHS。     

PFNA与人工股骨头置换治疗高龄Evans Ic型股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效比较

目的比较PFNA与人工股骨头置换术在高龄Evans Ic型股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果。方法 2009年6月~2012年9月间共48例高龄EvansIc型股骨粗隆间骨折患者接受PFNA与人工股骨头置换手术,其中PFNA23例,人工股骨头置换25例。对比两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后负重时间、术后并发症发生率以及术后3月、12月患髋Harris评分。结果有45例患者得到随访,平均随访时间19.3月,3例失访。2例PFNA内固定失败患者,重新用人工股骨头置换术治疗。PFNA组手术时间、术中出血量低于关节置换组,差异有统计学意义(0.05),人工股骨头置换组术后早期下床时间及术后3月髋关节Harris评分优于PFNA组,差异有统计学意义(0.05),两组间术后1年髋关节Harris评分以及术后并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(0.05)。结论对于高龄Evans Ic型股骨粗隆间骨折应首选PFNA固定;建议在严重骨质疏松或内固定失败的情况下应用人工股骨头置换术。     

动力髋螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折临床分析

目的：观察动力髋螺钉（dynamic hip screw,DHS）治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果。方法：使用DHS内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折32例,对其骨折的分类、手术方法、术后结果进行分析。结果：31例术后随访16个月,骨折均愈合,髋关节功能优良率为93.5％,无髋内翻和下肢短缩畸形发生;1例术后12天死于肾功能衰竭。结论：DHS是治疗粗隆间骨折较为理想的方法之一。     

人工股骨头置换治疗高龄体弱患者的股骨粗隆间不稳定型骨折

目的比较两类老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者的手术治疗方法,总结高龄体弱患者行人工股骨头置换的效果。方法对71例65岁以上股骨粗隆间骨折患者进行分类。A组行DHS内固定患者,B组行人工股骨头置换。比较两组患者术前、术后Harris评分、术后随访的一般情况。结果Harris功能评分,A组手术前后分别为94、89.4分;B组手术前后分别为91、90.6分。A组有3人术后出现内固定松动、骨折移位,B组1例在围手术期出现多脏器功能衰竭而死亡,假体无出现松动、下沉现象。结论对高龄体弱的非稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折患者,行人工股骨头置换是可行的治疗选择。     

高龄患者股骨粗隆间骨折两种手术方式对比观察

目的：探究高龄患者股骨粗隆间骨折不同手术方法的疗效。方法选取2012年8月~2014年1月我院收治的74例股骨粗隆间骨折的高龄患者进行研究,实验组42例采取人工股骨头置换手术,对照组32例使用PFNA髓内钉固定,对比疗效。结果实验组治疗的优良率为95.24%,对照组优良率为84.38%,优良率差异较大,有统计学意义(<0.05)。结论股骨粗隆间骨折的高龄患者,采取人工股骨头置换术治疗,可使并发症比较少,尽早恢复髋关节活动的功能,疗效较显著。     

股骨近端解剖锁定板与动力髋螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效对比分析

目的 评价股骨近端解剖锁定板与动力髋螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效.方法 回顾分析2007年7月～2009年1月收治并随访的58例股骨粗隆间骨折患者,分别采用股骨近端解剖锁定板(LPFP)和动力髋螺钉(DHS)进行治疗,根据Evans分型,其中Evans Ⅰ、Ⅱ型23例,采用LPFP固定8例,采用DHS固定15例;EvansⅢ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ型35例,采用LPFP固定22例,采用DHS固定13例,分别从术中情况、术后恢复及术后患髋功能进行分析比较.结果 手术时间、术中及术后出血量、术后患髋关节功能LPFP组与DHS组有明显差异(P＜0.05),即两组相比LPFP 组手术时间短,术中出血量少及术后引流量少,术后髋关节功能恢复好,但住院费用费用高;两组的切口长度、术中透视次数和骨折愈合时间相当(P＞0.05).结论 对于Evans Ⅰ、Ⅱ型两种固定方法均可,但对于EvansⅢ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ型股骨近端解剖锁定板明显优于动力髋螺钉.     

人工髋关节置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折48例

目的 探讨人工髋关节置换术治疗高龄患者股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效.方法 采用人工股骨头假体,全髋关节假体,结合钢丝捆绑手术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折患者48例.结果 本组48例术后下床时间3～10天,平均6天.X线片骨折复位满意,随访4个月～3年,无假体松动、下沉,无钢丝松动及断裂.髋关节功能按Harris评分,优良率为83%.结论 采用人工关节置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折创伤小,卧床时间短,可早期离床活动,减少并发症,有利于关节功能恢复,提高老年患者术后生活质量.     

动力髋螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折48例分析

目的 探讨动力髋螺钉(DHS)治疗股骨粗隆间骨折48例的经验。方法 48例股骨粗隆间骨折采用DHS内固定手术治疗，与39例保守治疗比较。结果 经8．24个月，平均14个月随访，手术组比非手术组疗效好。结论 术中粗隆部尽可能解剖复位，标准的DHS固定及术后早期功能锻炼是取得良好疗效的关键。     

长柄骨水泥型双极人工股骨头置换治疗A2高龄股骨转子间骨折30例

目的探讨长柄骨水泥型双极人工股骨头置换治疗A2高龄股骨转子间骨折患者的临床疗效。方法自2009年8月~2013年4月对我院30例A2型高龄转子间骨折患者,男12例,女18例,年龄74~98岁,平均年龄79.5岁。按AO分型:A2.1型20例,A2.2型4例,A2.3型6例。均采用髋关节后外侧切口入路,使股骨粗隆间解剖关系基本恢复,置入长柄骨水泥型双极人工股骨头,术后5~7天下床活动。结果随访12~24个月,骨折复位良好,患者生活能基本自理,优良率83.3%。结论人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折,可缩短卧床时间,及早行患髋功能锻炼,减少并发症,疗效可靠。     

加长生物型股骨柄人工髋关节置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果

目的探讨应用加长生物型股骨柄人工髋关节置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果。方法回顾性分析内蒙古自治区赤峰市医院骨关节科及内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院骨关节科2010年2月至2015年8月对41例高龄股骨粗隆间骨折患者采用经髋关节后外侧入路加长生物型股骨柄人工髋关节置换术治疗,术后根据Harris髋关节评分评价临床效果。结果本组41例手术时间为41~95 min,平均62 min;术中出血量约180~450 mL,平均300 mL;术后下床时间为3~5 d,平均为4 d,术后卧床时间短;住院时间为12~18 d,平均15 d。术后均无深静脉血栓、肺栓塞、脂肪栓塞、关节脱位、死亡等相关并发症发生。术后复查髋关节X线片均显示假体位置及粗隆间骨折复位均良好;随访1~5年,无感染、假体松动、下沉及断裂、髋内外翻畸形等。采用Harris评分标准评定髋关节功能,优良率为88.7%。结论应用加长生物型股骨柄人工髋关节置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折,髋关节功能恢复快,有效提高患者术后生活质量。     

Total hip arthroplasty in healed tuberculous hip

Total hip arthroplasty was performed in a patient who had tuberculous hip, quiescent for the last 15 years, without pre or postoperative anti-tuberculous chemotherapy. At a 27 month follow up, there has been no evidence of reactivation. A brief review of relevant literature is also presented.     

Subsequent hip fracture in osteoporotic hip fracture patients

Purpose: A significant number of patients who have experienced previous surgical treatment for an osteoporotic hip fracture experience a subsequent hip fracture (SHF) on the opposite side. This study aims to analyze the risk factors and the correlation between osteoporosis and SHF on the opposite side in order to assess the usefulness of bisphosphonate treatment for the prevention of SHFs. Materials and Methods: We included 517 patients treated from March 1997 to April 2009 in this study. The inclusion criteria included previous unilateral hip fracture, without osteoporotic treatment, and a T-score less than -3.0 at the time of the fracture. We studied these patients in terms of death, SHF, alcoholism, living alone, dementia, dizziness, health status, osteoporotic treatment after fracture and bone mineral density (BMD). In total, 34 patients experienced a SHF. We selected another 34 patients without a SHF who had similar age, sex, body mass index, BMD, diagnosis, treatment and a follow up period for a matched pair study. We compared these two groups. The average follow up was 8.3 years and 8.1 years, respectively. Results: The mortality rate of the 517 patients was 138 (27%). The BMD at the time of fracture demonstrated no statistical difference between the two groups (p>0.05). Nine patients (26%) within the SHF group were prescribed Risedronate and 18 patients (53%) received the same treatment in the non-SHF group. There was a statistical relationship with the treatment of osteoporosis (p=0.026). The average BMD of patients with SHF was -5.13 and -5.02 in patients without SHF was (p>0.05). Conclusion: Although primary surgical treatments are important for an excellent outcome in osteoporotic hip fractures, treatment of osteoporosis itself is just as important for preventing SHFs.     

Anatomical hip model for the mechanical testing of hip protectors

An anatomical hip model has been developed to simulate the impact load on the hip of a falling person wearing a hip protector. The hip consists of an artificial pelvis made of aluminium, linked by a ball-and-socket joint to an anatomically shaped steel femur (thigh bone). The femur is embedded in silicone material with a hip-shaped surface to allow realistic positioning of the protectors with accessory underwear. Additionally, the silicone simulates the damping and load-dispersal effect of soft tissue. A triaxial load sensor is integrated in the neck of the femur to measure the axial and cross-sectional force components in response to external impact forces on the hip. The performance of the hip model was investigated in drop tests and validated against biomechanical data. In a first series of measurements, the shock absorption of 10 different hip protectors, including both energy-absorbing and energy-shunting systems, was analysed. To determine the importance of hip protector placement, each protector was tested in the correct anatomical alignment over the hip and anteriorly displaced by 3 cm. Considerable differences were found between individual hip protectors in their effectiveness to reduce impact forces on the femur. Position of the hip protector also influenced the forces applied to the femur.     

Total hip arthroplasty using S-ROM prosthesis for dysplastic hip

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological results of total hip arthroplasty using a proximal modular femoral stem in patients who had secondary coxarthrosis associated with a dysplastic hip.

Materials and Methods

Forty-two patients (45 hips) with secondary coxarthrosis were evaluated after undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty using an S-ROM proximal modular femoral stem. The average follow-up was 80 months (range: 60 to 96 months). Clinical and radiological assessments were performed based on the Harris hip score and the radiological changes around the prosthesis.

Results

The average Harris hip score improved from 52.2 points to 88.5 points. All femoral stems showed stable fixation; there were 37 cases by bony ingrowth and 8 cases by stable fibrous ingrowth. Neither osteolysis nor progressive radiolucent lines around the femoral stem were found at the last follow-up. Forty-one hips (91.9%) revealed excellent or good clinical results at the most recent follow-up.

Conclusion

For advanced secondary coxarthrosis, total hip arthroplasty with the use of the proximal modular femoral stem yielded good mid-term results with respect to the clinical and radiological criteria.     

人工髋关节置换治疗严重髋关节疾病

背景：终末期髋关节疾病施行人工全髋关节置换难度大,涉及面多,包括置换入路、置换中截骨、假体的植入、类型的选择等,专家学者各不相同,意见不统一,争议较多。 目的：探讨人工全髋关节置换治疗终末期髋关节疾病的方法及临床效果。 方法：回顾性分析52例(57髋)人工髋关节置换患者,进行长期随访,随访时间14-86个月,平均随访时间为27个月。随访并记录置换前后(末次随访时)的目测类比评分、Harris评分,分析比较置换前后评分并对结果进行统计学分析。 结果与结论：52例患者中目测类比评分由置换前的(7.0±1.2)分降至置换后的(2.0±0.7)分,Harris评分从置换前的(35.9±5.4)分增加到末次随访的(89.7±3.1)分,与置换前相比差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。52例患者置换后均可扶拐或助行器下地行走,3个月后能独立行走,生活自理,X射线评估无假体松动,治疗效果满意。说明精心的置换前准备、科学严谨的操作技术可预防髋部假体松动、感染、疼痛等并发症,置换后科学正确的康复锻炼是减少置换后疼痛、功能最大程度恢复的重要措施。     

双髋关节动力髋置换过程中3种麻醉药物的比较

背景：关于小花猪实验麻醉方面的文献报道较少,且部分文献报道不同麻醉药物在实验中效果不是很理想。 目的：比较双髋关节动力髋置换过程中单药麻醉与不同联合麻醉对小花猪的麻醉效果。 方法：18头小花猪随机分为3组,速眠新Ⅱ单药组颈部肌肉注射速眠新Ⅱ(0.2 mL/kg),速眠新Ⅱ+戊巴比妥钠组在双侧颈部肌肉分开注射速眠新Ⅱ(0.2 mL/kg)与戊巴比妥钠(15 mg/kg),速眠新Ⅱ+氯胺酮组于一侧颈部肌肉注射速眠新Ⅱ(0.2 mL/kg)与氯胺酮(10 mg/kg)混合液。麻醉后行双髋关节动力髋置换。 结果与结论：速眠新Ⅱ单药组诱导期较其他2组持续时间长(P < 0.05),麻醉期较其他2组持续时间短(P < 0.05);苏醒期各组之间两两比较差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。速眠新Ⅱ+氯胺酮组呼吸频率较其他2组增快(P < 0.05),速眠新Ⅱ+戊巴比妥钠组心率较其他2组增快(P < 0.05);速眠新Ⅱ单药组及速眠新Ⅱ+氯胺酮组收缩压较速眠新Ⅱ+戊巴比妥钠组高(P < 0.05);速眠新Ⅱ+戊巴比妥钠组休克指数较其他2组增高(P < 0.05)。提示联合用药比单药麻醉效果好,速眠新Ⅱ与氯胺酮联合较速眠新Ⅱ与戊巴比妥钠联合麻醉诱导快、维持效果好、安全性高且置换后苏醒快,是比较理想的麻醉方法。