五元氮杂环阿魏酸衍生物的合成

目的：合成4个五元氮杂环阿魏酸衍生物。方法：以阿魏酸乙酯为起始原料,经Williamson醚化、亲核取代反应和水解反应,合成五元氮杂环阿魏酸衍生物。结果：所合成的目标化合物未见文献报道,目标化合物的结构经IR、1H-NMR、13C-NMR及MS确证。结论：所设计的合成技术简单易行。     

含三唑氮杂环结构的黄酮类外源抗氧化剂的合成与分析

7-溴乙氧基黄酮与3-取代-4-氨基-1,2,4-三唑-5-硫醇类化合物缩合反应得到7-(3-取代-4-氨基-1,2,4-三唑-5-)硫乙氧基黄酮,该类化合物进一步与乙酸酐反应得到其乙酰化衍生物,共设计合成了8个含N-取代三唑杂环结构的黄酮衍生物,分别用红外(IR)、核磁共振氢谱(~1H NMR)及碳谱(~(13)C NMR)、质谱(ESI-MS)、元素分析(EA)对化合物的结构进行了确证。测定了这些化合物抗氧化活性,包括清除超氧自由基(O_2~-·)、羟自由基(·OH)、亚硝基自由基(NO_2·)和2,2-二苯基-1-苦味酰基自由基(DPPH·)的活性及总还原能力。结果表明,在0.5mg/mL质量浓度时,多数化合物具有抗氧化活性,但均弱于对照芦丁和维生素C的抗氧化作用。     

The Search for Effective New Dyes for Chemical Fibres

Promising new approaches to manufacture of dyes for chemical fibres based on colored compounds of natural origin and products of chemical modification of trinitrotoluene (Trotil) and trinitrobenzene are demonstrated. Synthesis of dyes that protect textile materials from biodamage based on incorporation of pharmacophoric groups in the molecule is described.__________Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 5–9, March–April, 2005.     

Variant for Prediction of Deformation of Synthetic Fibres

A new function with certain advantages over the previously used functions is proposed for use as the integral relaxation kernel for predicting the stress—strain states of synthetic fibres and other textiles by calculation in the region of nondestructive loads using an indicial equation. The range of prediction of the viscoelastic properties was expanded and the working equations were simplified. Correction of the calculation of the viscoelastic properties with the points on the experimental stress—strain diagram will allow increasing the reliability of prediction of deformed states.     

Sewing Threads of Cotton and Synthetic Fibres

A comprehensive series of mono- and di-substituted derivatives of Brilliant Green has been prepared and the various electronic absorption spectra have been determined. Substituents in the 3- or 4-position have little effect on the intensity of the first band, but the wavelength of maximum absorption is shifted to an extent which is linearly related to the appropriate Hammett substituent constant. Substitution in the 2-position leads to a pronounced increase in the intensity of the long-wavelength band.     

Trends in the Development of Synthetic Fibres for Armor Material

Aramid fibres are still the fundamental variety of organic high-strength high-modulus fibres used in soft armor. In our opinion, fibres with high mechanical, primarily strength, indexes and with the corresponding level of supermolecular structure and its organization should be used for articles with different classes of protection. New kinds of chemical fibres and thread whose potentials as initial materials for soft armor could exceed the level of current textile materials are being developed throughout the world.     

The Properties of Textile Materials Made from Modified Synthetic Fibres

Textured PCA fibre, which has a higher active surface and altered surface microtopography in comparison to standard PCA fibre, is characterized by better wettability. Capillary impregnation of knit fabric containing 50% textured PCA fibre and 50% cotton fibre is much greater (by 4.4 times) than capillary absorption of fabric based on standard PCA fibre. The knit investigated is a shrinkable fabric (group 3) used for mass production based on normative shrinkage values (12-14%). Incorporation of textured PCA fibres in the structure of knits based on cotton fibres increases the strength properties of the fabric by five times and markedly increases its stretchability.     

合成纤维空气过滤材料的应用分析和评价

通过比较,分析评价了合成纤维过滤材料的各项性能,说明了它在空气过滤中获得广泛应用的原因。     

The Synthesis of a Number of Ethoxyquin Analogues and their Evaluation as Antioxidants in Fish Oil

The synthesis, physical characteristics and spectra data of six alkoxy derivatives of 1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline are described. The compounds which are analogues of the antioxidant ethoxyquin (1,2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline) were tested for antioxidant activity. It was found that the compounds which had a methoxy, n-propoxy or isopropoxy group in the 6-position of the molecule showed activity comparable to that of ethoxyquin, while compounds with a methoxy or ethoxy group in the 8-position had virtually no antioxidant activity. The substance with methoxy groups in both 6 and 8 positions showed a diminished antioxidant activity compared to ethoxyquin.     

Variant of the Relaxation and Retardation Spectra for Amorphous Crystalline Synthetic Fibres

The relaxation (retardation) spectrum of amorphous crystalline synthetic fibres is totally determined by the mean statistical relaxation (retardation) time and the structural coefficient that essentially characterizes the intensity of the relaxation (creep) process. With respect to the physical meaning, the relaxation function (retardation function) is obtained by integration of the relaxation (retardation) spectrum. Methods are developed for determining the relaxation and retardation spectra.     

Changes in the Properties of Synthetic Fibres in Thermal Aging

Thermal aging of complex lavsan, nitron, and anid fibres and lavsan and nitron yarn was investigated in the temperature region above the glass transition temperature (120, 150, 180°C) in the free state and with shrinkage for up to 300 h. It was shown that thermal aging of chemical fibres in the general case includes periods of structural and thermochemical aging. The kinetic characteristics of thermal shrinkage of chemical fibres and yarn in the first period of thermal aging were investigated. An exponential curve of shrinkage in time was obtained and can be used to predict the behavior of fibres and yarn in the first period of aging in the free state. The kinetics of the change in the strength and relative elongation at break was investigated in prolonged thermal aging of chemical fibres and yarn in the free (with shrinkage) and fixed (without shrinkage) states. The exponential dependence of the change in the fibre breaking characteristics on the duration of heat treatment was demonstrated. The change in the properties in prolonged thermal aging in the free and fixed states in the first stage of aging takes place differently. With shrinkage, the strength decreases and the deformability increases as a result of relaxation phenomena in the first stage, followed by a symbatic decrease in the strength and deformability as a result of thermal degradation processes in the second stage. In heat treatment in the fixed state, the change in the mechanical properties in the first stage is slight, while the strength and deformability simultaneously decrease in time as a result of thermal aging in the second stage. The quantitative characteristics found can be used to predict the change in the mechanical properties of chemical fibres and yarn in conditions of prolonged exposure to heat.     

Stabilization of Camelina Oil with Synthetic and Natural Antioxidants

Camelina oil was found to have a much lower Oil Stability Index and higher p-anisidine rates in the oven storage test than either rapeseed or sunflower oils. Stabilization of camelina oil was evaluated with 21 food grade synthetic and natural antioxidants and antioxidant formulations, using both the Oil Stability Index (OSI) and the oven storage test. The Oil Stability Index of camelina oil was able to be increased above that of rapeseed oil with TBHQ and its formulation with citric acid, and above that of sunflower oil with EGC, EGCG, carnosic acid, propyl gallate, rosemary extract with ascorbyl palmitate or with gallic acid. para-Hydroxyphenols were found to be more effective than ortho-hydroxyphenols and monohydroxyphenols had no significant effect on the OSI. Good correlation (R ² = 0.96) was found between the stabilizing effect of ortho-hydroxyphenols and the molarity of the phenyl hydroxyl groups per weight of antioxidant. The oven storage test carried out with six of the evaluated antioxidants indicated that p-anisidine rates of camelina oil stabilized with commercial formulations of TBHQ with citric acid or rosemary extract with ascorbyl palmitate were about the same as that of sunflower oil, an almost 90% rate reduction when compared to camelina oil. Accordingly, camelina oils stabilized with TBHQ/citric acid and rosemary extract/ascorbyl palmitate formulations were more stable than rapeseed and sunflower oils, respectively in terms of OSI induction times and p-anisidine rates.     

The Effect of Natural and Synthetic Antioxidants on the Oxidative Stability of Biodiesel

A significant problem associated with the commercial acceptance of biodiesel is poor oxidative stability. This study investigates the effectiveness of various natural and synthetic antioxidants [α-tocopherol (α-T), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), 2, 5-di-tert-butyl-hydroquinone (DTBHQ), ionol BF200 (IB), propylgallate (PG), and pyrogallol (PY)] to improve the oxidative stability of soybean oil (SBO-), cottonseed oil (CSO-), poultry fat (PF-), and yellow grease (YG-) based biodiesel at the varying concentrations between 250 and 1,000 ppm. Results indicate that different types of biodiesel have different natural levels of oxidative stability, indicating that natural antioxidants play a significant role in determining oxidative stability. Moreover, PG, PY, TBHQ, BHA, BHT, DTBHQ, and IB can enhance the oxidative stability for these different types of biodiesel. Antioxidant activity increased with increasing concentration. The induction period of SBO-, CSO-, YG-, and distilled SBO-based biodiesel could be improved significantly with PY, PG and TBHQ, while PY, BHA, and BHT show the best results for PF-based biodiesel. This indicates that the effect of each antioxidant on biodiesel differs depending on different feedstock. Moreover, the effect of antioxidants on B20 and B100 was similar; suggesting that improving the oxidative stability of biodiesel can effectively increase that of biodiesel blends. The oxidative stability of untreated SBO-based biodiesel decreased with the increasing indoor and outdoor storage time, while the induction period values with adding TBHQ to SBO-based biodiesel remained constant for up to 9 months.     

Calculated and Experimental Estimation of Absorbed Mechanical Work in Deformation of Synthetic Fibres

Methods are proposed for obtaining the elastic and absorbed components of deformation and mechanical work expended in the region of a nondestructive mechanical effect from the stress-strain diagrams or by calculated prediction. The closeness of the values of the absorbed and correspondingly the elastic components obtained with the measured or predicted stress-strain diagram totally confirm the satisfactory reliability of modeling the physicomechanical properties of a fibre in the form of an integral equation in which the nonlinear-hereditary kernel analytically reflects the activating character of the mechanical effect combined with the concept of the deformation-time analogy in normalized form [5].     

新型节能减排环保型合纤用染料的发展

节能减排和环境保护是我国经济发展的基本国策,我国印染行业为了实现行业振兴开发了和正在开发不少节能减排新工艺与新技术。丈中阐述了为适应印染行业需要而发展的新型合成纤维用节能减排环保型染料和它们的应用,它们在振兴印染工业中将起着重要的作用。     

Activation of Synthetic Fibres with Transition Metal Salts in Dyeing with Anionic Dyes

The results of studies of the role of transition metal salts in increasing the sorption capacity of synthetic fibres are analyzed. A possible mechanism of activation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres by transition metal compounds with organic ligands in dyeing with anionic dyes is proposed.__________Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 40–42, January–February, 2005.