Estimation to the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate and bottom shear stress in the tidal bottom boundary layer of the Yellow Sea

High frequency velocity fluctuations were measured by using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) in the tidal bottom boundary layer (BBL) of the Yellow Sea (YS) for 25 h. The turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate and the bottom shear stress were estimated and analyzed. Results show that: (1) in the tidal BBL of the YS, the variations of the dissipation rate and the bottom shear stress during 25 h are (1.8×10^－8—3.4×10^－5) W?kg^－1 and (6.6×10^－4—7.5×10^－1) N?m^－2 respectively, indicating that there are strong dissipations in the tidal BBL of the YS; (2) in the well-mixed tidal BBL, the turbulence is mainly shear-induced locally and the production and dissipation are generally in equilibrium; (3) for the seas where the semidiurnal tidal current is dominant, both the dissipation rate and the bottom shear stress exhibit a strong quarter-diurnal variation; (4) the mean bottom drag coefficient C_d (0.45) is 0.0017 (corresponding C_d (1.00)=0.0015), but it has significant variations (0.0005—0.0082). The mean bottom roughness length is 2.8×10^－5 m     

Effects of lanthanum and gadolinium on proliferation and differentiation of primary osteoblasts

The effects of La³⁺ and Gd³⁺ on the proliferation, differentiation and adipogenic transdifferentiation of rat calvarial osteoblast-like cells (ROB cells) were evaluated by MTT method， measuring the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Oil red O measurement. Both of La³⁺ and Gd³⁺ inhibited the proliferation of ROB cells at all concentrations (1×10^-5, 1×10^-6, 1×10^-7, 1×10^-8, 1×10^-9 mol?L^-1). La³⁺ at concentration of 1×10^-5 mol?L^-1 significantly increased the alkaline phosphatase activity of ROB cells up to 3 folds (P<0.01). However, the effects reversed to inhibit at other concentrations. Gd³⁺ played a negative role in the alkaline phosphatase activity. La³⁺ inhibited the adipogenic transdifferentiation of ROB cells at all concentrations in a dose-dependent way. However, Gd³⁺ promoted the adipogenic transdifferentiation of ROB cells at 1×10^-8 and 1×10^-9 mol?L^-1. These findings suggested that the effects of rare earth elements on the proliferation, differentiation and adipogenic transdifferentiation of ROB cells were dependent on their concentrations and species     

Design and synthesis of a packaging polymer enhancing the sensitivity of fiber grating pressure sensor

A packaging polymer (PP-1) that can enhance the sensitivity of fiber Bragg grating(FBG) pressure sensor was designed and synthesized from hydroxyl terminated polypropylene oxide oligomers, toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 1,4-butandiol as chain extender, catalyzer, foam agent and foam stabilizer. The testing results show that the Young’s modulus, Poisson’ ratio of the packaging polymer are 9.0×10⁶ N?m^-2 and 0.49 respectively. The static pressure sensitivity of fiber optical Bragg gratings packaged by PP-1 was discussed. The theoretical pressure sensitivity of FBG packaged with the polymer cylinder is -1.73×10^-3 MPa^-1, which is 896 times of that of the bare FBG(-1.93×10^-6 MPa^-1). And its measured pressure sensitivity is -1.10 10^－3 MPa^-1, which is 558 times of that of the bare FBG.     

黑老虎植株不同部位木脂素和萜类成分分析

黑老虎(Kadsura coccinea)为传统中药材，为深入了解木脂素类和萜类成分在植株不同部位的分布和积累状况，采用广泛靶向代谢组学技术鉴定其叶、茎、根中的代谢物，基于结构配置解析木脂素和萜类的多样性和丰度。结果显示：在黑老虎植株中共鉴定出39个木脂素类化合物，根(32个，特有13个)>茎和叶(同为24个)，3个部位含17个相同的木脂素类化合物；同时，鉴定出41个萜类成分，根(39个)>茎和叶(同为36个)，3个部位含34个相同的萜类化合物。黑老虎根部木脂素类化合物丰度(114.62×10⁶)远高于叶(23.37×10⁶)和茎(25.96×10⁶),萜类化合物丰度为根(74.16×10⁶)>叶(37.06×10⁶)>茎(17.36×10⁶),根部与叶、茎相同及特有的木脂素和萜类化合物丰度均较高。日本南五味子木脂素G、乙酰表戈米辛R、Kadcoccilactone F等在黑老虎根中高度富集，在叶、茎、根中都鉴定出Kadcoccilactone Q-R、Kadcoccilactone M等三萜类化合物，表明黑老虎具有较高的研究与利用价值。     

镓镁锌氧化物透明导电薄膜的制备及其表征

采用磁控溅射方法制备了镓镁锌氧化物(GaMgZnO) 透明导电薄膜,通过 X 射线衍射仪、四探针仪和分光光度计的测试分析,研究了沉积温度对 GaMgZnO 薄膜微观结构和电光性能的影响．结果显示: 所制备的样品均为六角纤锌矿结构的多晶薄膜并具有c轴择优取向生长特点,其结晶质量和电光性能与沉积温度密切相关．当沉积温度为 550 K 时,GaMgZnO 薄膜的晶粒尺寸最大(51.72 nm) 、晶格应变最小(1.11×10^-3)、位错密度(3.73×10^-3line·m^-2) 、电阻率最低(1.63×10^-3 Ω·cm) 、可见光区平均透过率(82．41%) 、品质因数最大(5.06×10² Ω^-1·cm^－1) ,具有最好的结晶质量和光电综合性能．另外采用光学表征方法 获得了薄膜样品的光学能隙, 结果表明由于受 Burstein-Moss 效应的影响,GaMgZnO薄膜的光学能隙均大于未掺杂ZnO的数值．     

Methoprene对SpltNPV增殖及其LC50的影响

 通过对斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒(SpltNPV)在其不同龄期宿主体内增殖情况的研究,探索保幼激素类似物(JHA)methoprene促进SpltNPV在其宿主体内增殖的途径,为今后广泛利用methoprene进行高效率、低成本增殖昆虫杆状病毒杀虫剂提供理论依据和方法.运用正交组合的方法筛选3种主要因子(病毒感染浓度、methoprene用量和methoprene施用时间)对提高病毒增殖产量进行最佳组合实验.实验确立了以1×10⁷PIBs/mL感染6龄刚蜕皮的斜纹夜蛾幼虫,并于感染第1天滴加10μL methoprene的最佳组合方法,病毒总产量和平均病毒产量分别可达1 856.0×10⁸PIBs和62.2×10⁸PIBs.并测定了methoprene处理对SpltNPV病毒LC₅₀的影响.经methoprene处理后,病毒的LC₅₀由1.578×10⁷PIBs/mL增加至9.151×10⁷PIBs/mL.     

东海陆架坡折处温度微结构观测

对2004年3月7日至9日东方红2号科学考察船利用自由沉降的微结构剖面仪TurboMAP-II在东海陆架坡折海区获取的高垂向分辨率的温度资料进行了分析和计算，并将计算得到的热扩散系数与由流速剪切得到的湍混合率进行了比较. 结果表明，观测海区的温跃层附近存在着由小尺度内波、Kelvin—Helmholz不稳定及盐指现象导致的较强的温度脉动. 观测站位的热耗散率大都分布在 10^-10—10^-6℃²·s^-1，并且呈现出低-高-低的垂向分布特征；相应的热扩散系数的范围是从10^-6—10^-2m²·s^-1，其垂向分布与热耗散率恰好相反，为高-低-高. 整个断面的平均热扩散系数为2.95×10^-3m²·s^-1，此值大于利用流速剪切计算的沿断面平均的湍混合率2.32×10^-3m²·s^-1. 通过对盐指区和非盐指区热扩散系数与湍混合率的比较，表明盐指现象的存在是热扩散系数大于湍混合率的主要原因.     

聚离子液体膜修饰电极检测厚朴酚

合成了1-[3-(N一吡咯)丙基]-3-己基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体,以其为单体,采用电位阶跃法制备出聚 离子液体膜修饰玻碳电极,经十二烷基磺酸根阴离子交换,获得聚离子液体膜疏水界面．研究了厚朴酚在该聚离 子液体膜疏水界面上的电化学行为,采用用微分脉冲伏安法实现了厚朴酚的电化学测定．在优化条件下,厚朴酚的 氧化峰峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10^-8～5.0×10^-6 mol/L和5.0×10^-6～2.0×10^-5 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关 系,检测限为7.1×10^-9 mol/L(S/N=3).该方法成功用于中药厚朴中厚朴酚测定．     

多通道电化学基因传感阵列快速联检AML相关耐药基因的新方法

筛选并制备高特异性 DNA 探针,与纳米粒子标记技术相结合,设计多通道电化学基因传感阵列检测模式,建立灵敏、快速、简便、经济的急性髓系白血病（AML）相关多药耐药基因（MDR1和MRP）检测新方法. 该方法具有较好的特异性、灵敏度和重现性,能够在1.0×10^-14 ~ 1.0×10^-12 mol·L^-1和5.0×10^-14~5.0×10^-12 mol·L^-1范围内,分别实现对AML 相关多药耐药基因序列MDR1和MRP的定量检测. 该方法有望为预测肿瘤治疗效果和临床制定治疗方案提供参考依据.     

生物反应器培养CHO细胞的生长与代谢研究

 在搅拌式生物反应器中,应用批培养、流加培养和灌流培养3种方法对CHO-k1细胞进行了培养.3种方法最大活细胞密度分别达到了2.0×10⁶,2.7×10⁶和9.6×10⁶mL^-1.对培养过程中葡萄糖和氨基酸及代谢产物氨和乳酸的动态变化进行了检测和分析.结果表明,CHO细胞对葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺的摄取以及氨和乳酸的产生与培养液中葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺的浓度正相关,培养过程中控制葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺的加入量能够明显降低氨和乳酸的产生,提高代谢效率,增加细胞产量.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-