进水氨氮浓度对静置/好氧/缺氧SBR脱氮除磷性能的影响

在4个序批式反应器(SBR)R1、R2、R3和R4中,以静置段代替传统厌氧段,采用后置缺氧,考察进水氨氮浓度分别为20,30,40,50mg/L对静置/好氧/缺氧SBR脱氮除磷性能的影响.结果表明,R1、R2、R3和R4长期运行中磷去除率分别为82.3%、92.8%、92.6%和89.1%,总氮(TN)去除率分别为97.2%、88.6%、84.5%和72.6%.静置段省却搅拌,但仍起厌氧段作用,仍可实现生物强化除磷.4个反应器好氧段均发生同步硝化-反硝化(SND),分别贡献14.7%、16.6%、17.8%和14.8%的进水后TN量,且后置缺氧段利用糖原驱动反硝化,脱氮效果较好,出水TN分别为0.57,4.43,6.61,13.70mg/L.研究表明,进水氨氮浓度可影响静置释磷、好氧摄磷、反硝化除磷.静置段代替厌氧段的后置缺氧工艺可取得较好脱氮除磷效果,且节约成本,简化工艺.     

序批式膜生物反应器同时脱氮除磷的比较研究

对比了厌氧-好氧(AO)及厌氧-缺氧-好氧(A²O)2种运行模式序批式膜生物反应器(SBMBR)对模拟生活污水同时脱氮除磷的性能.结果表明,2种运行模式的SBMBR对有机物及氨氮的去除率分别可保持在90%和95%以上.A²O MBR具有更强的释磷能力,其SPRR₃₀(前30min比释磷速率)比AO MBR高出47.5%;但SPUR₃₀(前30min比吸磷速率)却比AO MBR低,这是导致前者膜出水中TP值较后者高的原因之一.2个系统内污泥均有反硝化除磷能力,A²O MBR中DPAO(反硝化聚磷菌)的比例比AO MBR提高了57%;硝酸盐为电子受体时单位电子转移所吸收的磷,前者比后者高30%.这2个因素双重作用的结果导致了A²O MBR反硝化除磷能力的提高.A²O MBR系统曝气时间减半并没有加重膜污染,反而该系统的膜污染相对较轻.膜对有机物有较好的过滤截留作用,污泥沉降性能对SBMBR出水水质影响很小.     

初始pH值对新型好氧/缺氧/好氧/延长闲置(O/A/O/EI)序批式反应器脱氮除磷的研究

以人工合成废水为研究对象,建立新型好氧/缺氧/好氧/延长闲置(O/A/O/EI)序批式反应器,探究了初始p H为6.0,7.0和8.0时对O/A/O/EI脱氮除磷性能的影响,最后控制初始p H=8.0来处理实际生活污水。通过比较不同初始p H值作用下新型工艺的脱氮除磷效果并分析微生物体内代谢储能物质的周期变化,探讨了初始p H值对O/A/O/EI工艺脱氮除磷的影响机理。结果表明:合成废水初始p H=8.0时,O/A/O/EI工艺能表现出良好的生物脱氮(93±2)%除磷(92±3)%性能,单位VSS的除磷量为(4.01±0.15)mg/g,脱氮量为(5.23±0.27)mg/g。控制p H为8.0时处理实际生活污水,生物脱氮除磷分别为(85±2)%和(87±3)%,效率较低的原因可能是实际污水的可利用COD有限(130~240 mg/L)。     

不同曝气强度下SBMBBR和SBR脱氮除磷性能对比研究

对比考察了不同曝气强度下序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)和序批式移动床生物膜反应器(SBMBBR)的脱氮除磷效果,并分析了反应器单个周期内有机物、氮和磷的转化过程.实验结果表明,SBMBBR和SBR脱氮主要是基于好氧段发生的同步硝化反硝化(SND)及进水、搅拌阶段发生的缺氧反硝化途径实现的,而除磷是基于常规生物除磷和反硝化除磷过程而完成.曝气强度会影响SBR和SBMBBR好氧阶段SND发生的程度,最佳曝气强度下两者通过SND作用去除的TN量分别达到去除总量的47.7%和79.0%.在采用先行厌氧的运行方式,保持系统内高浓度微生物,使反应器在进水C/N比只有2.2～3.5的条件下均取得了良好的脱氮除磷效果.两者相比,SBMBBR和SBR在COD和NH4-N去+除方面没有差异,而SBMBBR的反硝化、除磷效果更优,TN、TP去除率分别达到95.4%和93.5%,较SBR分别高出10.9%和4.1%.     

A2/O-MBR工艺的脱氮除磷研究

A2/O-MBR工艺是将传统的A2/O工艺与现行的MBR工艺结合,使两者的优势得到了互补组合.研究结果表明:A2/O-MBR系统中产生的高污泥浓度不仅降低了水力停留时间且存在着同步硝化反硝化、反硝化除磷等过程,这样使其在较低的C/N(m(C):m(N)=5～6)下有着良好的脱氮除磷效果.在进水р(COD)为260～300mg/Lр(TN),р(TP)分剐为46～48mg/L,7～8mg/L下.其TN,TP的去除率达到76%,95%以上.试验期间,污泥有良好的沉降性能.     

同步脱氮除磷工艺中好氧池最适氧浓度研究

AB工艺无厌氧、缺氧段,氮、磷的去除率低,不具备深度脱氮除磷功能。而A2/O工艺具有同步脱氮除磷功能,可以作为AB工艺改造方案之一。试验以实际生活污水为对象,研究好氧池中不同的溶解氧浓度范围内系统对COD、氮、磷的去除效果。试验结果表明,好氧池DO对COD的去除影响较小,出水平均值达到21.9mg/L;对氨氮的去除则起着关键作用,在DO为3.0mg/L以下时,氨氮的去除率随着DO的增大而升高;DO为1.5～2.5mg/L时总氮去除效果最佳,过低、过高对总氮的去除都不利;总磷的去除效果几乎不受好氧池DO的影响,但厌氧池和缺氧池的释磷、吸磷过程却受DO的影响变化较大。系统中厌氧池和缺氧池同时出现了反硝化和吸磷作用,但尚不能判断是否存在反硝化除磷现象。     

反硝化除磷脱氮系统中DPB的驯化富集培养

反硝化同时脱氮除磷系统中反硝化除磷菌(DPB)的培养驯化状况,将直接影响污水中氮磷等营养元素的同时去除效率以及系统的高效稳定运行,为此本实验研究设计了一套以实际生活污水为处理对象的双污泥反硝化脱氮除磷工艺流程,采用逐渐过渡的培养方式,为DPB创造良好的厌氧/缺氧交替环境,即创造特定的适合DPB生存的环境条件让其进行自然选择,以筛选出来需要的DPB菌.结果表明,通过15d的间歇曝气的厌氧/好氧(A/O)运行方式可以对PAOs进行快速诱导;第二阶段,通过好氧曝气时间的逐渐减少,缺氧段投加硝酸氮的厌氧/好氧/缺氧(A/O/A)运行模式,25d左右可达到强化诱导反应器里面的DPB占PAOs的比例;最后让DPB在严格的厌氧/缺氧交替环境下进行富集培养19d,通过这种逐渐过渡培养的方式获得了对所需要的DPB菌的成功诱导富集,该菌的成功驯化培养为市政生活污水中的氮磷同时高效稳定去除提供了一种新方法.     

缺氧／厌氧／好氧工艺的脱氮除磷研究

通过实验研究缺氧环境倒置，来比较对Ａ／Ａ／Ｏ工艺脱氮除功能的影响。结果表明，与常规Ａ／Ａ／Ｏ（厌／缺／好）工艺相比，倒置后的工艺具有更好的脱氮除磷效果，在同等条件下，倒置系统的出水中ＰＯ４＾３－Ｐ明显降低，而比反硝化速率却可３０－５０％，该文还进一步揭示了聚磷微生物在各种环境下的释磷和吸磷规律及其相互关系。     

后置反硝化生物脱氮除磷工艺在水处理中的应用

介绍了AOAO、SBR、MSBR、氧化沟、DEPHANOX等后置反硝化生物除磷脱氮工艺的流程及处理效果。该工艺由于聚磷微生物经过厌氧释磷后进人生化效率较高的好氧环境,其在厌氧池形成的吸磷动力可以充分地得到利用．故有较好的除磷效果。但碳源不足制约了系统的脱氮效果．在解决好反硝化脱氮碳源问题的条件下．该工艺也能取得较好的同时脱氮除磷效果,且操作简便,运行费用低．将有较好的应用前景。     

新型序批式生物膜法(SBBR)脱氮除磷试验

采用新型序批式生物膜法(SBBR)处理生活污水,研究在厌氧/缺氧模式下生物聚磷以及同时硝化反硝化的特性。试验表明,正常工况下出水TP去除率为84%,TN去除率为80%。DO是SBBR同时硝化反硝化的控制因素,且适当缩短泥龄有利于除磷。     

序批式生物膜法的脱氮特性及机理研究

对序批式生物膜法工艺中所表现出来的脱氮特性进行了探讨，并提出了过量储存－SND脱氮作用机理。厌氧段脱氮主要靠生物膜对含碳氮有机物的过量储存作用；好氧段脱氮主要靠生物膜的SND作用，反硝化的有机碳源主要为生物膜中在厌氧段过量储存的有机碳源。     

On-line controlling system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal of municipal wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR)

The objectives of this study were to establish an on-line controlling system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal synchronously of municipal wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The SBR for municipal wastewater treatment was operated in sequences: filling, anaerobic, oxic, anoxic, oxic, settling and discharge. The reactor was equipped with on-line monitoring sensors for dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and pH. The variation of DO, ORP and pH is relevant to each phase of biological process for nitrogen and phosphorus removal in this SBR. The characteristic points of DO, ORP and pH can be used to judge and control the stages of process that include: phosphate release by the turning points of ORP and pH; nitrification by the ammonia valley of pH and ammonia elbows of DO and ORP; denitrification by the nitrate knee of ORP and nitrate apex of pH; phosphate uptake by the turning point of pH; and residual organic carbon oxidation by the carbon elbows of DO and ORP. The controlling system can operate automatically for nitrogen and phosphorus efficiently removal. __________ Translated from Water & Wastewater Engineering, 2006, 26(5): 728–733 [译自: 给水排水]     

不同乙酸钠/甘油比对好氧/延长闲置SBR除磷性能的影响

以合成废水为研究对象,以甘油和生活污水中常见的乙酸钠作为碳源,建立了5个好氧/延长闲置序批式反应器(乙酸钠/甘油比分别为1∶0、4∶1、1∶1、1∶4和0∶1),考察了各反应器长期运行过程中的除磷效果,并通过分析典型周期内磷及微生物体内各储能物质的变化,初步探究不同乙酸钠/甘油比对除磷性能的影响机理.研究表明,当乙酸钠/甘油比由1∶0逐渐降至4∶1和1∶1时,平均除磷率由90.1%升至92.5%、97.3%.乙酸钠/甘油比继续降至1∶4及0∶1时,系统除磷率降至65.7%、53.4%.当乙酸钠/甘油比为1∶1时,聚磷菌体内合成大量聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHAs)(2.55 mmol·g-1,以每g VSS积累的C(mmol)计,下同),为后续磷的吸收及聚磷合成提供更多的能量,而以甘油作为单一碳源时,PHAs合成量最少(0.82 mmol·g-1),糖原合成量最大(2.56 mmol·g-1,以每g VSS积累的C(mmol)计).     

N2O emission from nitrogen removal via nitrite in oxic-anoxic granular sludge sequencing batch reactor

Bionitrification is considered to be a potential source of nitrous oxide （N2O） emissions, which are produced as a by-product during the nitrogen removal process. To investigate the production of N2O during the process of nitrogen removal via nitrite, a granular sludge was studied using a labscale sequence batch reactor operated with real-time control. The total production of N2O generated during the nitrification and denitrification processes were 1.724 mg/L and 0.125 mg/L, respectively, demonstrating that N2O is produced during both processes, with the nitrification phase generating larger amount. In addition, due to the NEO-N mass/oxidized ammonia mass ratio, it can be concluded that nitrite accumulation has a positive influence on N2O emissions. Results obtained from PCRDGGE analysis demonstrate that a specific Nitrosomonas microorganism is related to N2O emission.     

Simultaneous denitrifying phosphorus accumulation in a sequencing batch reactor

In order to achieve simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the biological treatment process, denitrifying phosphorus accumulation (DNPA) and its affecting factors were studied in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with synthetic wastewater. The results showed that when acetate was used as the sole carbon resource in the influent, the sludge acclimatized under anaerobic/aerobic operation had good phosphorus removal ability. Denitrifying phosphorus accumulation was observed soon when fed with nitrate instead of aeration following the anaerobic stage, which is a vital premise to DNPA. If DNPA sludge is fed with nitrate prior to the anaerobic stage, the DNPA would weaken or even disappear. At the high concentration of nitrate fed in the anoxic stage, the longer anoxic time needed, the better the DNPA was. Induced DNPA did not disappear even though an aerobic stage followed the anoxic stage, but the shorter the aerobic stage lasted, the higher the proportions of phosphorus removal via DNPA to total removal. Translated from Environmental Science, 2004, 25(6): 92–96 [译自: 环境科学]     

Advanced nitrogen removal by pulsed sequencing batch reactors (SBR) with real-time control

The feasibility of pH and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) as on-line control parameters to advance nitrogen removal in pulsed sequencing batch reactors (SBR) was evaluated. The pulsed SBR, a novel operational mode of SBR, was utilized to treat real municipal wastewater accompanied with adding ethanol as external carbon source. It was observed that the bending-point (apex and knee) of pH and ORP profiles can be used to control denitrification process at a low influent C/N ratio while dpH/dt can be used to control the nitrification and denitrification process at a high influent C/N ratio. The experimental results demonstrated that the effluent total nitrogen can be reduced to lower than 2 mg/L, and the average total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was higher than 98% by using real-time controll strategy. __________ Translated from Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control, 2006, 7(12): 32–35 [译自: 环境污染治理技术与设备]     

SBR系统中好氧颗粒污泥脱氮特性研究

以颗粒污泥为研究对象,在序批式反应器中研究了不同运行模式(有厌氧段和无厌氧段两种模式)和不同碳氮比(COD与NH₄⁺-N质量比取6、10、14)下,颗粒污泥对氨氮、总无机氮的去除情况.比较了2种运行模式应用于颗粒污泥脱氮中的差别和优劣.采用分段函数的方法对不同碳氮比下的氨氮去除曲线进行了分割,对曝气第一阶段(碳源富足阶段)和曝气第二阶段(碳源贫乏阶段)的氨氮去除曲线进行了拟合,发现其线性化特征明显.计算了不同碳氮比下曝气前后期氨氮去除速率,并简要分析了好氧颗粒污泥同步硝化反硝化脱氮的作用机理.     

厌氧/好氧SNEDPR系统处理低C/N污水的优化运行

为实现同步硝化内源反硝化除磷（SNEDPR）系统的优化运行,以实际生活污水为处理对象,采用厌氧（180min）/好氧运行的SBR反应器,并通过联合调控好氧段溶解氧（DO）浓度（0.3～1.0mg/L）和好氧时间（150～240min）,考察了该系统脱氮除磷特性.并结合荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术对系统优化过程中各功能菌群的结构变化情况进行了分析.试验结果表明,当系统好氧段DO浓度由约1.0mg/L逐渐降至0.3mg/L,且好氧时间由150min逐渐延长至240min后,出水PO₄^3--P浓度稳定在0.4mg/L左右,但出水TN浓度由14.3mg/L降至8.7mg/L,TN去除率由75%提高至84%.此外,随着好氧段DO浓度的降低,SNED现象愈加明显,SNED率由34.7%逐渐升高至63.8%.SNED的加强,降低了出水NO₃^--N浓度,并提高了系统的脱氮性能和厌氧段的内碳源储存量.FISH结果表明：经127d的优化运行,系统内PAOs,GAOs和AOB（氨氧化菌）仍保持在较高水平（分别全菌的29%±3%,20%±3%和13%±3%）,其保证了系统除磷、硝化和反硝化脱氮性能;但NOB（亚硝酸盐氧化菌）含量减少了50%,为系统内实现短程硝化内源反硝化提供了可能.     

序批式膜反应器同步硝化和反硝化的特性

为提高污水生物脱氮处理的效率和减少外加碳源,研究了序批式膜反应器(SBBR)在有氧情况下处理生活污水中同步硝化和反硝化的特性.试验表明,原水TN为80～110mg/L和溶解氧浓度为0.8～4.0mg/L情况下,出水TN小于15mg/L,NH₃^-N去除率达100%,TN去除率54%～77%,NH₃^-N容积负荷率为47～94mg/(L·d),TN容积负荷率为56～113mg/(L·d).TN的变化规律为在NH₃^-N降到零或最小之前,TN持续降低之后,TN有短时的上升后再缓慢降低.在较大的溶解氧浓度范围内,SBBR具有同步硝化和反硝化的能力,建议将NH₃^-N降解到零或最小值的时刻,作为同步硝化和反硝化的结束点.