转谷氨酰胺酶对乳蛋白质的改性作用

转谷氨酰胺酶是催化酰基转移反应的一种酶,可使蛋白质或多肽之间发生共价交联反应。本文介绍了转谷氨酰胺酶对牛乳蛋白质凝胶特性、乳化性、热稳定性、成膜性等特性的改性作用及其在乳品加工中的应用。      

转谷氨酰胺酶交联作用对乳蛋白功能特性的影响

转谷氨酰胺酶可用于蛋白交联,改性蛋白质的组织结构和功能特性,在食品工业中具有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了转谷氨酰胺酶的作用机制、对乳蛋白功能特性的影响以及在酸奶生产中的应用等。     

变性对转谷氨酰胺酶在乳蛋白间交联影响初探

利用SDS-PAGE电泳结合凝胶成像分析技术，比较了在非变性、加入还原剂变性和加热后再加入还原剂变性三种条件下转谷氨酰胺酶对酪蛋白和乳清蛋白之间的交联情况。结果表明：在非变性条件下，酪蛋白质量分数下降96％，乳清蛋白下降15％，酪蛋白和乳清蛋白几乎不能交联。超分子量聚合物是酪蛋白单一聚合物，α-乳白蛋白形成部分低聚体；在加入还原剂时，酪蛋白质量分数下降86％，乳清蛋白下降30％，反应4h后有少量乳清蛋白和酪蛋白中某一组分交联；预热更有助于酪蛋白和乳清蛋白聚合，在第三种条件下，反应24h后乳清蛋白下降60％。     

转谷氨酰胺酶对大豆分离蛋白的改性研究

以微生物转谷氨酰胺酶(Microbial Transglutaminase，MTGase)对大豆分离蛋白(Soy Protein Isolate，SPI)进行改性。结果显示改性后SPI的凝胶性得到明显改善；乳化活性下降，乳化稳定性提高；溶解性下降，但在等电点附近溶解性则略有上升。MTGase促进SPI的交联形成了较大的聚合物，改变了蛋白质的结构，使内部的疏水性氨基酸暴露出来，增加了蛋白质的表面疏水性，同时也使蛋白质分子之间彼此连接形成空间网络结构。     

转谷氨酰胺酶改性可食用膜的研究进展

转谷氨酰胺酶可催化蛋白发生交联反应,从而改性可食用蛋白膜和复合膜的组织结构和特性,如抗拉强度、断裂伸长率、阻水性、阻油性、透氧系数等,在食品工业中具有广阔的应用前景.本文介绍转谷氨酰胺酶改性对大豆蛋白可食用膜、乳清蛋白可食用膜、明胶可食用膜和复合膜的特性影响以及应用前景.     

转谷氨酰胺酶对食品的粘合作用

<正> 在加工食品中添加酶以改变制成品的性质,是非常普遍的做法。一般加工食品所采用的酶,如淀粉酶和蛋白酶等,其作用在于把食品中较粗糙的成分分解成较微小的颗粒。但转谷氨酰胺酶的作用却相反——它利用蛋白质与蛋白质之间会互相形成共价键的特性,催化食品中蛋白质的聚合作用和交联反应(蛋白质交联模拟图见于图一),从而使小块状食品粘合成理想的形状,并改进其硬度和弹性,提高食品的感观质量。 转谷氨酰胺酶基本上存在于哺乳类动物的肝脏和血液之中,也存在于鱼类的肌肉内,甚至在微生物中。作为工业     

转谷氨酰胺酶改性对明胶耐酶解性的影响

以转谷氨酰胺酶改性明胶的耐酶解性为关注点,通过单因素试验和均匀设计试验研究转谷氨酰胺酶浓度、改性pH值、改性温度和改性时间等因素对改性明胶耐酶解性的影响。通过均匀试验得到的最优改性条件为:转谷氨酰胺酶质量浓度为0.20 g/L,改性pH 6.0,改性温度44℃,改性时间35 min。与未改性明胶相比较,改性明胶的耐酶解能力提高了14.44%。本研究结果表明转谷氨酰胺酶改性可以显著提高明胶的耐酶解能力。     

转谷氨酰胺酶对大豆分离蛋白的改性研究

以微生物转谷氨酰胺酶(MicrobialTransglutaminase,MTGase)对大豆分离蛋白(SoyProteinIsolate,SPI)进行改性。结果显示改性后SPI的凝胶性得到明显改善;乳化活性下降,乳化稳定性提高;溶解性下降,但在等电点附近溶解性则略有上升。MTGase促进SPI的交联形成了较大的聚合物,改变了蛋白质的结构,使内部的疏水性氨基酸暴露出来,增加了蛋白质的表面疏水性,同时也使蛋白质分子之间彼此连接形成空间网络结构。     

转谷氨酰胺酶改性大豆分离蛋白条件研究

利用微生物转谷氨酰胺酶(MTGase)对大豆分离蛋白(SPI)进行改性,探讨pH、反应温度、反应时间、底物浓度、酶/蛋白质比对SPI改性影响,采用正交试验优化改性条件。结果显示,酶/蛋白质比和底物浓度对SPI改性影响较小;pH、温度和时间对该改性作用影响较大,该3种因素对SPI改性影响大小依次为pH、温度和时间;MTGase改性SPI的最佳条件为pH 5.5、温度55℃、时间30 min、底物浓度2.0%、酶/蛋白质比10 U/g。     

转谷氨酰胺酶交联对食物蛋白改性作用的研究进展

简要介绍转谷氨酰胺酶来源、性质以及在食品工业中的应用,重点阐述了转谷氨酰胺酶交联蛋白的最新国内外研究动态。     

转谷氨酰胺酶对荞麦蛋白功能特性的影响

微生物转谷氨酰胺酶(MTGase)能够使荞麦蛋白(BWP)的大部分球蛋白亚基被聚合,而几乎不能使分子量低于36kDa的碱性亚基聚合。BWP聚合物(催化时间<60min)的溶解度(PS)较BWP显著增加,聚合物的PS随反应时间的延长而降低;MTGase催化BWP反应120min可明显降低其PS(P<0.05)。聚合反应能提高BWP的持水能力(WH)和持油能力(FA),且BWP聚合物的FA随反应时间的增加而增强。适当的交联会使BWP的起泡性能增加,但继续提高交联度(延长酶反应时间),BWP的起泡性能反而降低。BWP聚合物的乳化活性指数(EAI)降低,乳化液稳定性(ES)却增强。     

酪蛋白的转谷氨酰胺酶氨基葡萄糖修饰与功能性变化

在37℃、pH值为7.5和氨基葡萄糖存在下,利用转谷氨酰胺酶(EC 2.3.2.13)对酪蛋白进行交联修饰制备修饰酪蛋白;用十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和高效液相色谱分析证实酪蛋白同时发生交联与糖基结合,且反应4 h时每摩酪蛋白可结合1.2摩葡萄糖.与酪蛋白相比,交联酪蛋白的溶解性质和起泡性质受损,而修饰酪蛋白产品的溶解性质得到改善,起泡性质尤其是泡沫稳定性质显著提高.在蛋白质质量浓度为1 g/L时,修饰酪蛋白的起泡能力和泡沫稳定性分别比酪蛋白提高8.6%和21%;质量浓度为100 g/L的修饰酪蛋白分散液表现出非牛顿流体特性,表观黏度显著高于交联酪蛋白或酪蛋白.     

谷氨酰胺转胺酶改性对花生分离蛋白某些功能性质的影响

利用微生物产谷氨酰胺转胺酶(MTG)对花生分离蛋白(PPI)进行改性,结果表明:加酶量、pH、反应温度、反应时间和底物蛋白浓度对PPI改性具有显著影响.通过单因素和正交实验得出凝胶性的最佳改性条件为:加酶量10U/g;最适pH7;反应温度50%;反应时间3h;反应底物浓度15%.改性后花生分离蛋白的凝胶性比对照提高了279%,溶解性和乳化性分别降低了44%和31%,乳化稳定性提高了8.5%.     

转谷氨酰胺酶聚合改性大豆分离蛋白的功能特性研究

研究了转谷氨酰胺酶(MTGase)聚合改性大豆分离蛋白的持水性、吸油性、溶解性、乳化性、发泡性及凝胶强度等功能特性。结果显示,与大豆分离蛋白相比,MTGase改性的大豆分离蛋白(MSPI)具有更高的凝胶性和乳化稳定性,但其溶解性、持水性、吸油性、起泡性与泡沫稳定性和乳化性明显减弱。     

Gelation properties of chicken myofibrillar protein induced by transglutaminase crosslinking

Gelation properties of chicken myofibrillar protein isolate (MPI) and the effect of microbial transglutaminase (MTG) were studied using a dynamic oscillatory rheometer and a texture analyzer. Final heating temperature had a great impact on gel stiffness and the maximum gel stiffness was obtained at 95 °C. pH and ionic strength also influenced gel stiffness and the maximum gel stiffness was achieved at pH 6, 0.9 M NaCl; however, less stiff gels were formed in 0.6 and 1.2 M NaCl. In the MPI concentration range of ∼0.5-5%, a positive correlation was observed between gel stiffness or gel peak force and MPI concentration. When MTG was included at levels of ∼0 to 12-15 U, positive linear relations were found between gel stiffness or peak force and MTG levels. However, negative correlations for these parameters were observed at higher MTG concentrations. When MTG level was greater than 15 U, gel stiffness or peak force tended to decrease. The improvement in gel strength or gel peak force for the MPI with inclusion of MTG suggested that some ε (γ-glutamyl) lysine (G-L) crosslinking occurred among myofibrillar molecules. Thus, MTG is useful in improving gelation properties of heat-induced MPI gel and provides new opportunities to expand the utilization of low value meat in muscle foods.     

Influence of transglutaminase treatment on some physico-chemical properties of milk

Transglutaminase (TGase) is an enzyme that cross-links many proteins, including milk proteins. In this study, the effects of TGase on some physico-chemical properties of milk were studied. TGase-treated milk was not coagulable by rennet, which was due to failure of the primary (enzymic) stage of rennet action rather than the non-enzymic secondary phase. Dissociation of TGase-treated casein micelles by urea or sodium citrate or removal of colloidal calcium phosphate by acidification and dialysis was reduced, presumably due to the formation of cross-links between the caseins. Casein micelles in TGase-treated milks were also resistant to high pressure treatment and to hydrolysis by plasmin. Results of the present study show that milk proteins are fundamentally modified by the action of TGase, which may have applications in the manufacture of functional proteins for use as novel food ingredients.     

Physical properties of yoghurt manufactured with milk whey and transglutaminase

The effect of milk protein polymerization prior to the yoghurt fermentation process was evaluated by enzymatic reaction with microbial transglutaminase (Streptoverticillium mobaraense). Yoghurt samples were manufactured with 100% milk or by substituting milk with 20 or 30% of liquid milk whey, aimed at determining the use of natural milk whey in dairy products. Transglutaminase was added at a protein ratio of 0.5 U g⁻¹ to all samples and evaluated regarding rheological behavior, syneresis index and texture profile. The addition of enzyme transglutaminase contributed to syneresis prevention and increased the consistency index in yoghurt samples manufactured with milk whey. Yoghurt manufactured from 70% milk plus 20% milk whey, followed by enzymatic treatment, presented similar characteristics to traditionally manufactured yoghurt (C 100), with no alteration in the syneresis of the samples (p > 0.05) and presented texture parameters similar to the control yoghurt (C 100).     

枯草杆菌蛋白酶改善大豆分离蛋白功能特性的研究

利用枯草杆菌蛋白酶对大豆分离蛋白进行酶法改性,改性后的大豆分离蛋白的功能特性得到很大的提高。改性大豆分离蛋白的性质与改性程度(水解度DH)有关,随着水解度的增加,蛋白质的溶解性能提高,粘度下降,体外可消化性指数随水解度的增加而提高。     

Enzymatic cross-linking of ewe's milk proteins by transglutaminase

Enzymatic cross-linking of ewe's milk proteins in the presence of transglutaminase was studied and the extent of cross-linking was analysed by capillary gel electrophoresis. Up to now, no publications are available that study the relative susceptibility of individual ewe's milk proteins. Transglutaminase has been demonstrated to induce cross-linking of the ewe's milk proteins. Moreover, a heat treatment of the milk before the reaction with transglutaminase enhanced the susceptibility of the individual ewe's milk proteins towards the cross-linking reaction. The specificity of transglutaminase has been shown to vary with the type of ewe's milk proteins (α_s2-casein, α_s1-casein, α_s0-casein, κ-casein, β-casein A¹, β-casein A², α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglubulin). From our findings, the reactivity for ovine α-caseins was reduced with respect to that of ovine κ-casein and ovine β-caseins. An optimisation strategy based on desirability functions together with experimental design has been used to optimise the preheating conditions (temperature and time) of ovine milk that maximised the cross-linking reactions catalysed by transglutaminase.